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Posted by _tk_ 6 days ago

I fought in Ukraine and here's why FPV drones kind of suck(warontherocks.com)
197 points | 338 commentspage 2
echoangle 6 days ago|
> They are controlled by an operator wearing virtual-reality goggles

They aren't really using VR headsets, right? The FPV goggles I know are just a screen showing the camera image without any virtual reality.

mog_dev 6 days ago||
Basically its just screen yes. It's just convenient and more portable to do it this way. Small desktop screen also exist and are used to peek on what the FPV operator is seeing.
wkat4242 6 days ago||
Yeah I'd much rather use an xreal air or something. You can still see if someone (or an enemy drone) comes to kill you. AR is much better for this.
palata 6 days ago|||
Probably you want the pilot to be 100% focused on the piloting. Someone else can look around and try to keep the pilot safe.

Also it's not like the pilot has to be exposed.

Ancapistani 6 days ago||||
No, the latency is too high.

There are dedicated devices for this - much lighter, external battery (same as the drones use), etc. I use a Skyzone 04X.

originalvichy 6 days ago|||
They hide in bunkers and have other infantrycwith them if that’s not the case.
fdye 6 days ago||
Interesting read. Curious how the author feels re: the attack on airbases using shipping containers/drones that was so successful?

Seems to be a unique case that worked especially well for (higher end I'm sure) FPV drones. Getting artillery in on shipping containers would have a higher likelihood of detection. Similarly, the ability to 'guide' in the drones with munitions seemed to allow for greater flexibility during the attack and its effectiveness.

I imagine eventually these cheap FPV's will be augmented with low-cost GPU's allowing for running smallish models and self-guided autonomy. This would seem the next evolution where a commander deploys them in bulk and overwhelms the enemy in a way that can't be jammed like radio-communication. Similarly, horrifying when you consider their eventual use in terrorism scenarios...

literalAardvark 6 days ago|
That didn't use FPV drones, they're rather difficult to control at 6000km and they didn't have operators nearby.

Most likely it's the first major deployment of their semi autonomous drone tech, driven "declaratively". They've shown that stuff recently, they probably used it before showing it.

kilimounjaro 6 days ago|||
Ukraine’s drones were primarily LTE/4G-connected for remote operation
literalAardvark 5 days ago||
Likely, but that's not enough
LorenPechtel 6 days ago|||
The report said they were guided remotely.

I suspect reality is a combination--think RTS game. You give orders to your units but you don't babysit them.

literalAardvark 5 days ago||
Yeah that's how I think it went down.

Autonomous control, likely from a base station nearby, or one of their new carrier drones, and remote command.

smcameron 6 days ago||
> If this type of pre-aborted mission is included in the total, the success rate drops to between 20 and 30 percent. On the face of it, this success rate is bad ...

I disagree with this premise. I suspect that 20 to 30% success rate is not at all bad, but rather excellent. Compare to artillery with shells costing a few thousand each on the low end, to $100k+ for more advanced rounds, with 100s or 1000s fired per casualty.

rich_sasha 6 days ago|
The article claims it is 20-30% in quite limited circumstances, and less if you include "we know it will fail" sorties. And seemingly entirely disabled by jammers, where available.

I guess they must be working for Ukraine, or it wouldn't be buying them. But how well they scale against a competent opponent is less clear.

TheChaplain 6 days ago||
The article talks about signal jammers, but as far as I know most drones there are remote controlled using fiber for exactly that reason?
jansan 6 days ago||
Yes, he writes that after he left the battlefield they became more common.

There was a video of a soldier wading through massive amounts of fiber near the front line. Just imagine that for each drone attack there will be 10-50km of fiber dropped on the landscape. It will not rot and stay there until someone cleans it up.

euroderf 3 days ago|||
If it has value as a recyclable, it will be cleaned up. Does it ?
ataru 6 days ago|||
I've always wondered if the burning batteries and electronics in the drones have any significant environmental impact when compared to conventional weapons.
ta1243 6 days ago|||
I'd rather have old fibre cables and lithium batteries than old unexploded ordinance

(If wishes were horses I'd rather Russia hadn't invaded a sovereign country in the first place, but we are where we are)

lordnacho 6 days ago||
According to the article, you will get BOTH of those, no? Some of the bombs on the drones don't explode.
CapricornNoble 6 days ago|||
There's a really good interview with a Russian drone manufacturer where he talks about how you need to use both.

The fiber-optic drones have small warheads/payloads. They are used to hunt the enemy's EW transmitters. Once the jammers have been suppressed, then the radio-controlled drones with bigger payloads go to work and do the bulk of the damage.

bluGill 6 days ago|||
From what I understand Ukraine is not using many fiber drones because there are other disadvantages. They can have them, but they mostly choose to use radio anyway. Russia is using a lot of fiber drones.
rich_sasha 6 days ago|||
There are... I think they aren't unproblematic - the fibre can get caught on things etc. Also I read of instances where the opposition can follow the fibre back to find the drone operators.
empiko 6 days ago|||
Tracing the fiber back is possible only in extremely favorable conditions. The light must hit the cable just right and there cannot be too many cables from previous runs on the battlefield.
dizhn 6 days ago||
It's not too bad when they see the drone passing by. I have no idea how often this can happen without being seen though.
bluGill 6 days ago||
Those cables are 10km long. You can trade a couple hundred meters when the drone is flying by, but there are several KM that you cannot even see at the same time as you can see the drone.
FirmwareBurner 6 days ago|||
Sounds like for fiber optic strikes you gotta do a "shoot and scoot".
orthoxerox 6 days ago||
The operators usually use a cordless drill to wind back as much cable as they can after the drone is used.
sorcerer-mar 6 days ago||
This is why it's so fascinating to read about this conflict. The back and forth innovations (some obvious, some rudimentary, some very much not) is just incredible to follow.

Early on: Drones in war!

Then: Ahh EW makes them useless!

Then: Fiber optics defeat EW!

Then: But you can follow the cable!

Then: But you can try to respool the cable with a power drill!

Every week it seems is a new move.

throwawayffffas 6 days ago||
Next up: Autonomous targeting.

Next Next up: Decoys.

8note 6 days ago|||
> Today, some Ukrainian and Russian units are also using drones controlled by fiber-optic cable, rather than radio, though I had no personal experience with this type of drone in my unit
paganel 6 days ago||
Because it is mostly the Russians that are using those, the Ukrainians have also started using them but in less fewer numbers.
adrian_b 5 days ago|||
As TFA says, Ukraine has a much smaller capacity of producing the required optical fiber, which is the main reason why they are using fewer such drones.
paganel 5 days ago||
> the required optical fiber

So then why isn't the West providing them with optical fiber?

troupo 6 days ago||
He talks about that in the article
moonshotideas 6 days ago||
I don’t agree with the conclusions he draws from his own analysis - almost all the issues and shortcomings he points out are related to technological shortcomings he admits - are already being addressed by the new systems - or are primarily issues with how drones are being used in the field - i.e. tactical combat decisions.

These are not inherently valid arguments regarding the effectiveness of drones as a new weapons platform - but with the current state of the technology and with the decisions on the battlefield

It’s early days, the technology will improve and the tactics will be standardized with time and drones will prove to be a dangerously effective tool - which has the additional scary bonus of being cheap and easy to mass produce and deploy

anovikov 5 days ago||
How many artillery shells one needs to expend to hit anything? I bet more than 10. And they are pricier AND endanger people who use them, more.

Mortar shells (80mm class) are cheaper, but mortars need to be compared to drone-dropped munitions, not artillery shells - because mortars' range is way shorter than that of an FPV drone and is comparable to the artillery - a good FPV drone - although not the $500 one - can cover about the median artillery firing range of this war (16km).

Drones bring about more casualties and are used wider exactly because they are more cost-efficient.

palata 6 days ago||
I see a lot of comments saying that "but the technology will improve".

Sure, maybe. Or maybe it will be like Musk announcing what Teslas will be capable of in 6 months. We don't know, and the author doesn't pretend that they do. Don't forget that drones have been used in this war for years, and the vast majority of the drone industry has already pivoted to the military because it's easier to make money there. So it's not exactly "brand new technology".

But my point is that the author just says "from what I've seen, here is how it looks". And it seems like it has value.

dinfinity 6 days ago||
> Don't forget that drones have been used in this war for years

3 years of usage is brand new. Neither Ukraine nor Russia have been designing and producing purpose-built FPV drones since the beginning (I assume things are well underway now). It's a bunch of consumer shit thrown together, which makes it kind of incredible that they work as well as they do.

An equivalent would be something like taping an assault rifle to a small Cessna and dominating with that. And then you saying that "maybe the technology will not improve".

palata 6 days ago||
> 3 years of usage is brand new.

Usage, sure. But the technology is not. Those drones are flying smartphones. We have already had mass-produced consumer drones for more than a decade. We don't use them because they are new, we use them because they are cheap and accessible.

I am not sure what you call "consumer shit" here. They go for cheap FPV drones precisely because they are cheap. But the autopilot running in them can fly a Cessna. We can make them fly longer (they will be bigger), we can use better radios, we can add thermal cameras and bigger payloads. We can add GPUs and AI capabilities. All that we have, but then it doesn't cost 500$ anymore.

> An equivalent would be something like taping an assault rifle to a small Cessna and dominating with that.

Or maybe you see an assault rifle and say "Look at this rifle; it's only the beginning! In a couple years it will have wings and it will drop heavy bombs before returning to base, because it will be reusable". And I'm saying: we already have fighter jets; they are just more expensive.

dinfinity 6 days ago||
You based your doubt for whether the technology would improve on consumer shit thrown together for a few years as opposed to military technology purposely designed and built over a long period. That is bad reasoning. There is nothing more to it and it is thus far more likely that the technology will improve than not.
palata 6 days ago||
> That is bad reasoning.

From where I stand, you're calling "consumer shit thrown together" something you apparently don't really know, and then you make predictions from it.

dinfinity 6 days ago||
I believe your prediction was "Or maybe it will be like Musk announcing what Teslas will be capable of in 6 months."

You seem to think that this ragtag level of warfare between Russia and Ukraine is somehow indicative of what the limit of NATO-level militaries is. I'd say "we'll see", but hopefully we never have to find out.

palata 6 days ago||
> I believe your prediction was "Or maybe it will be like Musk announcing what Teslas will be capable of in 6 months."

There was a part before the "or" :-). I did not predict anything, I said "maybe, maybe not". And you told me it was "bad reasoning".

My point was that the article says that drones have a ton of limitations in 2025, and many comments here say "yeah but that's because it's just the beginning". Drone manufacturers have been looking at the military for longer than 3 years, because that's easy money. Saying that "this is just consumer shit thrown together" sounds like you haven't really followed the drone industry in the last 15 years.

Sometimes the problem is not time or money.

dinfinity 5 days ago||
> I did not predict anything, I said "maybe, maybe not".

The derisive way of putting the alternative (Musk's proven trash announcements) indicates that you were arguing a certain side. It definitely wasn't neutral.

> And you told me it was "bad reasoning".

The bad reasoning is what you're basing the (let's say) doubt on. You seem to know that a lot of technological progress has happened in the military FPV drone industry, but the article and described limitations are about (again) consumer level shit thrown together, not the advanced FPV drones that exist today.

Perhaps the conclusion should be that a lot of the problems described in the article are already solved, but that Ukraine (and Russia) couldn't get their hands on enough of the more capable FPV drones due to those being too expensive or not produced in large enough quantities.

palata 5 days ago||
> the problems described in the article are already solved, but that Ukraine (and Russia) couldn't get their hands on enough of the more capable FPV drones due to those being too expensive or not produced in large enough quantities.

Yes, that's what I think. And I believe that's what the article says: "The FPV drones we currently use are not ideal".

Then people say "yeah but they will improve", to which I answer: "or maybe not so much". Simply because better systems already exist, are mass-produced and are more expensive.

mopsi 6 days ago|||
> I see a lot of comments saying that "but the technology will improve".

When people say "the technology will improve", I think they're usually referring to the drones currently in use becoming much better not due to breakthroughs in technology, but by applying existing technology more effectively for military purposes. Current military drones used in Ukraine are inefficient conversions of civilian products that were never meant to operate under jamming, leave as small thermal signature as possible, etc. Original military designs, which are optimized for the battlefield rather than the local dog park, can be significantly better.

palata 6 days ago||
> Current military drones used in Ukraine are inefficient conversions of civilian products

Are you sure about that? Many drone companies have been engineering for the military for years before the Ukraine invasion in 2022.

The thing is, those FPV drones are super, super, super cheap. We do have better technology, it does exist. But it is more expensive. Is it worth it then? That's the question.

mopsi 5 days ago||
Those drone companies are offering ridiculously expensive and overengineered products like the Switchblade, even though a drone 1/10 of its price can do the same job in many scenarios. These are bloated products that have seen little combat and haven't been trimmed down to the bare essentials. They are the Juiceros of the drone world.

Meanwhile, we have cheap FPV drones that have proven themselves in combat, but they remain toys upgraded with 3D-printed parts by tinkerers. They haven't been repackaged into proper military products and adapted for mass manufacturing.

The sweet spot between a toy and a $20k+ product from a military supplier remains largely unaddressed. It's like the early days of personal computing when some people had already assembled working machines in their garages and demonstrated their usefulness, but there were no rugged and standardized mass-market versions yet that could be ordered by the hundreds of thousands.

originalvichy 6 days ago||
I agree, and I also raised more points in my comment. The terrain of the flatlands between Ukraine and Russia is the main reason for their success. The same could be said for vast parts of the Middle-East. It’s easy to operate these on farmlands that go for kilometers.
avoutos 6 days ago||
Even if the technology improves and the economics of scale reduces the cost, I still don't buy the narrative that swarms of tiny kamikaze drones will radically change warfare.

Aside from radio jamming, I have not seen an actual defense against a strong EMP.

To defend against an EMP wiping out your drone swarm, you would have to invest in shielding etc which would remove them from the class of small cheap drones.

Idk if anyone can speak about this, but to me this doesn't seem like a problem that these types of drones can overcome.

CapricornNoble 6 days ago||
I think you are overstating the ease of employing an EMP.

https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/world-wont-end-danger...

throwawayffffas 6 days ago|||
EMP weapons are expensive, and one shot. I can see the future of drone swarms, but we are a long way out.
general1726 6 days ago|||
Usually the initial attack (From Ukrainian perspective) is stopped by regular military weapons like AT, Artillery, Mines and drones are used to mop up the battlefield - Burn out abandoned vehicles and hunt scattered soldiers
lofaszvanitt 6 days ago||
Maybe you should watch the countless videos DAILY, where soldiers are crippled for life.
ggm 6 days ago||
You need to compare this to hit rate with mortars and attrition by counter battery fire on mortar teams. Not to detract from a sober assessment but it's hard to judge without the other parts of the story.

Thr tldr would be "temper expectations"

risyachka 6 days ago||
This.

Mortar may be 5 times cheaper but 100x easier to destroy it and its crew.

Also half of the problems described are purely technical and can be easily solved with some budget. In Ukraine most drones are assembled by volunteers. So its not the reliability of drone that is an issue, its lack of proper assembly and QA.

throwawayffffas 6 days ago|||
As noted if you have the budget the end product is a FGM Javelin or a Spike NLOS or as the article mentions a switchblade.

These things are pretty much the same thing (a thing that can be carried by a man that accurately puts a warhead on a target) just better and more expensive.

edit: Actually the NLOS might not be man portable, but there are other smaller Spike missiles that are.

FirmwareBurner 6 days ago||||
>So its not the reliability of drone that is an issue, its lack of proper assembly and QA

Imagine what China can pull off here in case they're in a war.

bboygravity 6 days ago||
China's fertility rate is 1.

Even if they win the war, they still eventually will have lost.

FirmwareBurner 6 days ago|||
Fertility rate is a problem for the future, that you can also solve via better polices and incentives if you want to, meanwhile dying or being enslaved in a war is a problem for right now that you can't escape via policies.

Which one you think is worse?

Also, most wealthy industrialized western nations have the same fertility issues, some are only compensating by huge legal and ilegal immigration which can be causing bigger domestic economic and societal issues than being involved in a war abroad. The west and its values, as we used to know it, is also dying.

gspetr 5 days ago|||
>that you can also solve via better polices and incentives if you want to

Nobody can. And it's not like they don't want to. Neither the very traditional and religious Arabic countries like Saudi Arabia (2.14, barely above replacement, and trending down), nor a country like Norway, which can afford the best social program in the world. All have fertility troubles. Urban lifestyle just does fertility in.

FirmwareBurner 5 days ago||
>Nobody can.

Yeah you can, they just don't want to because it will be at the cost of short term corporate economic growth.

>And it's not like they don't want to.

They don't want to compromise short term corporate profits. They want to have their cake and eat it too.

>nor a country like Norway, which can afford the best social program in the world

Social programs don't mean shit if nobody can afford to buy urban real estate in the big cities where the jobs are. Norway has different issues than Japan. Every country has different issues.

gspetr 5 days ago||
>Yeah you can

Really? Can you name one developed country besides Israel that has succeeded?

>Social programs don't mean shit if nobody can afford to buy urban real estate in the big cities where the jobs are

The Government Pension Fund Global (Statens pensjonsfond utland), also known as the Oil Fund (Oljefondet), was established in 1990 to invest the surplus revenues of the Norwegian petroleum sector. As of June 2025, it had over US$1.9 trillion in assets.

Price of a 3 bedroom house in Oslo: $1.5M

$1.9T / $1.5M = 1.266M houses

Population of Norway is 5.6M

Do you have a better argument than housing affordability?

FirmwareBurner 5 days ago||
>Really? Can you name one developed country besides Israel that has succeeded?

How would they succed when they're not doing anything to succeed?

>Do you have a better argument than housing affordability?

How many families in Oslo can easily afford a 1.5 M apartment?

bluGill 6 days ago|||
Fertility rate in China has been less than one for decades. They have a lot of people, but they are heavily weighted to old.
pzo 6 days ago||
in japan it was even for many decades and its a problem but not tragedy, japan today still doing strong. Even if population in china shrink by 50% they will still have more pole than europe or us. And lets face it shrinking 50% this will really take decades and unlikely to happen since this will correct itself eventually.
bboygravity 5 days ago||
How is Japan still going strong? Have you been there? Real estate just sitting empty, villages deserted, (young) people with no hope for the future, (hidden) poverty, the government and central bank basically bankrupt long-term.

Japan is stuck in the 90's with no hope for the future and they will be even less relevant then they are now within 1 generation.

Japan is absolutely not "doing strong" for the next 50 years or so and the same will happen to China. If you have no people, you have no future. As simple as that.

And how does the fact that it "will still take decades" suddenly make it OK for the country? Also if you shrink a population by 50% within decades it will completely destroy the economy (and military and culture). You can't just half the population that fast and expect things to just carry on as normal or magically recover.

FirmwareBurner 5 days ago||
I think people consider Japan to be doing strong because it's still a safe peaceful society to live in, despite the economic issues. Compared that to living in LA in the world's strongest economy, where it's like you're in a PvP server. So what's the point of having a strong economy if nobody can afford to live and the streets full of shit from homeless people.
collingreen 5 days ago||
I agreed with a lot of your posts above but not the extreme characterization of living in LA.

I do expect the crime rate is higher than most Japanese cities - culturally it's very very different. I don't feel like it's a "pvp" situation though (from a violence perspective; rampant, unbridled capitalism +consumerism in the US gives me pvp vibes for general living) and the streets aren't full of shit.

I like LA, especially the beach and other very nice areas (obviously). I also think I'd probably prefer living in a Japanese city though so maybe you're right in the end.

LexGray 6 days ago|||
China can set the fertility rate to whatever they like. It is tied to taxes and penalties. They can move the slider to make it fiscally impossible to be childless.
bboygravity 5 days ago||
Sure, they can make it harder to make children. That's easy. Literally every developed country (except Israel) is doing that right now by default.

Moving the slider up (MORE children) is the hard part.

artem247 6 days ago|||
[dead]
gpderetta 6 days ago|||
Yes, even a 20% success rate seems quite high.
palata 6 days ago||
> The vast majority of first-person view drone missions can be completed more cheaply, effectively, or reliably by other assets.

At this point, the question becomes the price.

throwawayffffas 6 days ago|||
I think you need to compare it to other man portable guided weapons like the FGM-148 Javelin. The Javelin is much much better in all respects, except perhaps range. But is about 100 - 200 times more expensive.

If you can afford* the Javelins and the TOW's of the world that's what you are going to use otherwise, you are stuck with FPVs.

Afford means not only fiscally, but production capacity wise as well.

sottol 6 days ago||
Doesn't a single javelin missile cost almost 200k? The drones I've seen I'd budget at 150-300$ plus explosives. I think that puts the javelin more at 500-1000x as expensive imo.
bluGill 6 days ago||
You need 15 drones to do what a javelin can do though, and that is at best. If the tank armor is good a small drone cannot do any damage (that is why drones try to fly in open hatches - bypass the armor), while a javelin can go through modern armor.
vasac 6 days ago||
Tank armor can be good as it gets, the problem is you can't have good armor everywhere on the tank otherwise it would weight hundreds of tons. So a small drone doesn't need to penetrate tank where it's best protected but to disable it (hit APU, tracks, engine...).
ashoeafoot 6 days ago||
Obvious solution, make the tank amour a drone crawling around and building up in direction of danger?
throwawayffffas 6 days ago||
The obvious solution, is duct tape a bunch of corrugated steel around the tank, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle_tank
nurumaik 6 days ago|
Most of the problems the article describes are due to using civilian fpv drones on the battlefield or using untrained pilots: bad controls, narrow channel, faulty parts

Most of them would not apply when military finally catches up, starts producing war fpv drones and make good drone pilot training programs

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