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Posted by xrayarx 7 days ago

How can England possibly be running out of water?(www.theguardian.com)
355 points | 501 commentspage 4
Gimpei 4 days ago|
I feel like this is burying the lede. England needs to adapt to long dry summers? If the water situation can be dealt with, this would make it a more pleasant place to live.
gaoshan 4 days ago||
When a resource becomes restricted and is at the same time foundational to life would it not be reasonable to say that it cannot be held for profit?
peterfirefly 4 days ago|
Commercial food growing works much better than state-owned farms or Party-controlled farms.

The Soviet Union had constant problems with insufficient food production. The successor countries didn't.

Beretta_Vexee 4 days ago||
As a reminder, the British water treatment system was privatised in the 1960s and has been a huge joke ever since. When they were still in the European Union, common environmental and health regulations prevented the worst from happening.

But as an example, one of the first actions taken after Brexit was to stop monitoring and treating sewage discharges into the English Channel.

- https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62670623

- https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-62626774

- https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz9kz8ydjpno

Another major success for the privatisation of services such as the postal service, railways and electricity in the UK.

sgt101 4 days ago|
It was privatized in the 1980's not 1960's.
bethekidyouwant 4 days ago||
From reading the comments I can’t figure out if it’s because private companies are evil or the gov is incompetent. I suggest both.
Nursie 4 days ago||
> Forecasts indicate that by 2055 England’s public water supply could be short by 5bn litres a day

> Water companies in England and Wales lose about 1tn litres of water through leaky pipes each year.

Seems like there's most of a solution here, just staring us in the face, no? Problem being of course, that the privatised water companies have little incentive or investment in order to tackle the problem.

Are we ready to admit that selling off critical national infrastructure was a stupid idea, yet?

It's the same story with power and gas, wherever they get turned over to the private sector, things get worse. Fundamentally I don't give the first shit about choosing an energy provider. I don't want to find a new deal every few years. I don't give a shit about choice, I just want someone to do it well and charge reasonably. Instead you get stuck in a market offering discounted signup rates and you have to switch every year, while the companies draw their earnings from the minority of people who forget or otherwise can't be bothered to switch.

I don't miss that from the UK. Here in communist Western Australia we maintained ownership of the water, power and gas infrastructure, where other parts of the country set up privatised energy marketplaces. When the UK and the rest of Australia were screaming about rocketing bills, we were protected from some of the fluctuations in international energy prices over the last few years and any profits got ploughed back into infrastructure or the state coffers rather than heading off to private hands. It's just better...

Revisional_Sin 4 days ago||
The system works fine for electricity and gas, because the grid itself is maintained by the government. You have private energy producers competing to produce electricity, and private energy companies buying it off them and selling it to the consumer. Maybe it would be more efficient if it was maintained solely by the state, but it's not too bad.

Unfortunately, the water system doesn't work that way. It has been parcelled off to various private companies, giving them a natural monopoly.

Nursie 4 days ago||
I’m not sure “works fine” is a great descriptor of the UK energy sector… people do get the energy they need, at least, but they have to be on the watch for better deals all the time and make sure not to become a ‘profitable customer’ aka sucker.

The price-discovery aspect of supply seems a bit broken as well - suppliers bid daily on their price to supply power, and the cheapest X units are selected (where X is the daily demand), then they all get paid out at the level of the most expensive provider in the selected mix. Seems to me that it leaves the consumer significantly overpaying, though it must be a nice little earner for those that can provide cheap power.

But you’re right that water is in a worse state due to the monopoly side of things.

Revisional_Sin 4 days ago||
Huh, I did not know about the wholesale price issue, that's pretty bad.

It also incentivises avoiding cheap sources from dominating the market.

Nursie 4 days ago||
It's my understanding, though don't take it as 100% gospel truth.

I can see that the model does incentivise both cheaper energy sources (more over-pay leads to greate investment possibilities) and pricing honestly. If the scheme chose the cheapest X units and paid them out at their bid rates, there would be incentive to bid as close as you can to what you predict the day's cutoff would be... but it does seem likely to not achieve the best overall price.

jgraham 4 days ago||
It's true, see https://www.carbonbrief.org/factcheck-why-expensive-gas-not-...

From that article:

> The UK’s electricity market operates using a system known as “marginal pricing”. This means that all of the power plants running in each half-hour period are paid the same price, set by the final generator that has to switch on to meet demand, which is known as the “marginal” unit.

> While this is unfamiliar to many people, marginal pricing is far from unique to the UK’s electricity market. It is used in most electricity markets in Europe and around the world, as well as being widely used in commodity markets in general.

The thing that's unique about the UK is that the marginal price is almost always (98% of the time) set by the price of gas. That means when the gas price increases, the wholesale price of electricity, and hence consumer bills, increase in direct response.

Of course the situation is also made worse by the fact that gas is used directly for heating and cooking in a high proportion of British homes.

ainiriand 4 days ago|||
The market will regulate itself! There will appear a new water company that makes things right and obviously will get all the customers, do not worry!
ACCount37 4 days ago||
In a free market, if clean water gets expensive enough, then infrastructure overhauls to actually cut down on the leaks become economical. If everything is nationalized, you're relying on political goodwill instead to pay for those overhauls.

I have no clue how UK's "privatized water companies" work though. I'm not going to be too surprised if UK's system somehow manages to combine all the disadvantages of private ownership with all the disadvantages of state ownership in a single system.

tempfile 4 days ago|||
Water companies in the UK operate under regional monopoly, so most people only get a single company they can buy water from.

The free market approach seems to require allowing water companies to even build and maintain parallel infrastructure that can't be shared, if they consider it to be economical. That would require immense capital investment, meaning the barrier to entry would likely be very high. The "efficient" case, where joining an existing pipe infrastructure is cheap, due to competition, would entail having several parallel networks of pipes running between reservoirs and people's homes. This was viewed as profoundly wasteful, even by the Thatcher government that privatised water, and that's why it's forbidden by regional monopoly.

Revisional_Sin 4 days ago||||
You can't switch water suppliers, so there is no such incentive to be competitive.
Nursie 4 days ago|||
It does, AFAICT, there is no competition in infrastructure or supply. There are only targets to meet on service standard and agreed price levels with the state.

The companies seem to operate on a model of doing as little maintenance as they can get away with while taking on debt and paying out to shareholders and the C-suite whenever possible. This has been done in complicity with the regulatory body who wanted to keep bills as low as possible for as long as possible, so played along with the zero-investment model.

It is a clusterfuck.

philipallstar 4 days ago||
England's population has been rising far faster than it would naturally rise due to immigration. This means giant sums of money need to be borrowed to fund capital-intensive projects including new energy and water sources. They haven't been done enough on the water side.

It's incredibly expensive to have the population increase this fast.

bjoli 4 days ago||
Always the immigrants.

Weird that they are to blame, even though water abstraction has been trending downwards for close to 30 year.

philipallstar 4 days ago|||
It's not always the immigrants. That comment's just as intelligent as actually believing it's always the immigrants. If the population were growing rapidly due to everyone having larger families, that would be the reason, but it's not.

If you add millions of people over the last 25 years (say) then of course water will become much scarcer. And it's not like, say, food supply, which scales up and down relatively nicely with demand. Additional water provision is a massive capital investment each time to provide a load more provision in a big chunk.

alt227 4 days ago|||
> If you add millions of people over the last 25 years (say) then of course water will become much scarcer.

Not if the profits from selling the water are reinvested into the network to increase the capacity to fit the need.

Are you saying that its fine that billions of pounds of UK water profits money have gone into overseas investors pockets, because we shouldnt have let so many immigrants into the country and so there would still be enough water services for all if we hadn't?

philipallstar 3 days ago||
> Are you saying that its fine that billions of pounds of UK water profits money have gone into overseas investors pockets, because we shouldnt have let so many immigrants into the country and so there would still be enough water services for all if we hadn't?

I'm not saying it's fine, no.

bjoli 4 days ago|||
It was irony. England and great Britain is not using more water. Despite population growth, water use is trending slightly downwards the last 30 years.
fredley 4 days ago|||
> faster than it would naturally

Implying migration is 'unnatural'. Which it isn't, humans have migrated as long as they've existed, and without migration the population in the UK would be trending down, which is a very bad problem to deal with.

philipallstar 4 days ago|||
> Implying migration is 'unnatural'.

This is just silly. Natural population growth is a term. Being the connotation police is entirely unnecessary.

p1dda 4 days ago|||
It's not a very bad problem, you are just repeating the official narrative
fredley 4 days ago||
[citation needed]

Population growth in the UK is roughly in line with other developed countries. The past few years have been a bit choppy due to global events like the pandemic, but the UK is not an outlier in its population growth.

intalentive 4 days ago||
Population growth in other developed countries is also driven by immigration.
mixxit 4 days ago||
How many workplace pensions take profits from privatised water company investments?
cramcgrab 4 days ago||
Fresh water shortages is the new ice age, I meant global warming, I meant climate change. You’ll see, there won’t be any new technology invented for cheap water treatment, only taxes, land grabs, and many politicians elected. Maybe even wars.
alt227 4 days ago|
> there won’t be any new technology invented for cheap water treatment

Oh there will be plenty of new technology invented, but it will either be underinvested, or bought out and buried by competition.

Just like how the electricity companies buried Nikola Teslas perpetual motion machines. /s

brcmthrowaway 4 days ago||
Can't they get water from the ocean?
everfrustrated 4 days ago||
Theres no shortage of water from rain. Problem is that England is pretty flat and all the rain drains to the ocean (100% of rivers leak) without natural lakes and dams (requires mountains) being available. Hence very expensive projects to create storage lakes.
Beretta_Vexee 4 days ago|||
Desalinating water requires a lot of energy and equipment. Seawater must be tapped, filtered and passed through membranes in a process called reverse osmosis.

All of this requires lot of electrical power, large pumps, cleaning, corrosion-resistant materials, etc. Desalination is generally the last resort when there are no other options.

It is much simpler, more efficient and less expensive to properly manage freshwater resources, maintain networks, eliminate losses and leaks, etc.

p1dda 4 days ago||
It obviously doesn't work, desalination works.
Beretta_Vexee 4 days ago||
I have worked on a reverse osmosis unit (to produce demineralised water for industry) and I maintain that this is not the right solution.

Great Britain is not an oil rig or a desert devoid of fresh water. It does not have cheap energy such as natural gas to produce electricity at low cost. Nor is it Israel, which has only the Jordan River and reuses every litre of water two to three times.

The UK has chosen to delegate the maintenance of its water and sanitation network to private operators who chronically underinvest in the maintenance, renewal and improvement of the network.

That's the bloody problem. Injecting a little fresh water from desalination into a leaky network by importing natural gas for the necessary energy is a monumental waste.

Desalination is at the bottom of the list of things to be addressed.

BLKNSLVR 4 days ago|||
The desalination plants all ended up getting swallowed by the very water sources they were originally desalinating.
Geee 4 days ago|||
Yes, they can. Many countries in desert climates use seawater as their main source of drinkable water. Desalinating water in modern plants costs about $0.5 per cubic meter, or $0.0005 / liter.
p1dda 4 days ago|||
Yes and they absolutely should.
antonvs 4 days ago||
No.

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-dont-we-get-o...

littlecranky67 4 days ago|||
Article is outdated (2008) and makes a single argument: Desalination requires too much energy. Becaues it is outdated, it doesn't account for the excess energy a lot of places and countries have from wind and solar. Water desalination is a prime candidate (along with Bitcoin mining and AI model training, sigh) for using available excess energy from renewable that cannot be stored otherwise. Clean/drinking water can be stored easily - it is called a freshwater lake.
KaiserPro 4 days ago|||
The UK also doesn't have enough power, well not enough to do whats needed for desalination.

It would be _vastly_ cheaper and easier to build reservoirs.

p1dda 4 days ago||
Build new power plants genius
KaiserPro 4 days ago||
congratulations, you now have 8x the debt, breaks the legal requirements for decarbonising the grid, diverts money away from uprading the grid from where its needed, and pisses off the most of the locals. Then you discover that all your fresh water is by the coast, so you now also need to build huge water moving infrastructure.

you might as well just do this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Contour_Canal and spend the rest of the money building homes.

p1dda 3 days ago||
Nuclear power plants is the answer
derriz 4 days ago|||
Not really - renewable curtailment and negative wholesale electricity prices happen but not frequently enough that you can generally afford to leave a capital intensive investment like a bitcoin mining setup, a water desalination plant or a hydrogen electrolyser idle 90% of the time waiting for cheap electricity.

And the market and technological developments (batteries) are actively working against this pricing anomaly - I can see the phenomena of negative pricing disappear completely in electricity markets in the next few years given the current explosion in grid battery deployment.

littlecranky67 4 days ago||
Might be true in the US, but here in Europe we see this quite often. Prices don't have to be negative, it is enough if they are cheap (we pay for water too). And in some locations there are already projects like this [0] where they built a hydro-electric pump station with a dam for storage plus a desalination plant that fills the reservoir from seawater in one location.

[0]: https://www.ree.es/en/ecological-transition/storage

energy123 4 days ago||||
I don't see how the contents justify a hard "No". Even before factoring in that the article was written 17 years ago.
forrestthewoods 4 days ago||||
> It can cost from just under $1 to well over $2 to produce one cubic meter (264 gallons) of desalted water from the ocean. That's about as much as two people in the U.S. typically go through in a day at home.

Uhhhh that seems pretty cheap and affordable?

Yeul 4 days ago||
It's not private homes that are at risk. Agriculture and industry use up the most water and they absolutely do not want to pay.
silisili 4 days ago|||
...the article says otherwise, that we can, do, and increasingly will.

> can cost from just under $1 to well over $2 to produce one cubic meter (264 gallons) of desalted water from the ocean. That's about as much as two people in the U.S. typically go through in a day at home.

What am I missing here? Even if you triple the cost, people will pay a $180 water bill before living in a water scarcity situation.

neuroelectron 4 days ago|
1. England population reaches ecological balance mediated by thousands-year old social hiarchies

2. Tax base plateaus

3. Import refugees and give them free money to increase tax base

4. Run out of natural resources

5. ?

6. Profit

antonly 4 days ago||
This is a really shallow and unfounded take. Sad to see this here.

This particular issue is imho mostly related to a lack in investment in water infrastructure (reservoirs and pipes). I don't see how migrants factor into this equation (not to mention that the "free money" given to migrants is scarcely a drop in the bucket). Please spread your hatred elsewhere.

neuroelectron 4 days ago|||
16%

As of the 2021 Census, approximately 16% of the population in England and Wales were born outside the UK, which translates to about 10 million people. This figure represents a significant increase from previous years, indicating a growing presence of foreign-born individuals in the country.

Wikipedia

+1

antonly 4 days ago||
Woah there, not all foreign born people are refugees. That's some serious misunderstanding you have there.

Also, the "foreign born" statistic is pretty moot, seeing as UK was part of the EU until shortly before 2021 with free movement of labour. Most other European countries have higher levels of "foreign born" people living there, e.g. Austria, Germany and Sweden with around 20%[^1]. If you scroll further down, you see that ~half of these people are born within the EU.

So yeah, check your biases.

[^1]: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php...

Btw, I am "foreign born" within the UK, doing my PhD here in computer science. Most of my colleagues aren't from within the UK either. This is not because of any "policy", there simply is not enough demand from UK students to fill these places. Good luck with your country once you convinced all of us to leave. Have fun drinking your water :)

neuroelectron 3 days ago||
Now you're just nitpicking, which proves my point since you cannot attack the main issue, which is free movement of labor undermining sovereignty and eventually quality of living.
antonly 3 days ago||
I'm sorry, I don't follow. Can you point me to where exactly I am "nitpicking" and not addressing the "main issue"?

Your main point was not "free movement of labor undermining sovereignty and eventually quality of living".

You started off by implying that the problems we see come from a "Import refugees and give them free money" policy.

I then pointed out that I don't think refugees receiving free money is the main problem, as there is comparatively little money going to refugees.

You then point out that 16% of the UK were foreign born, implying that they were refugees, that they get "free money", and that this is the reason why the UK has infrastructure problems now.

I simply pointed out that "foreign born" != "refugee".

If we entertain your goalpost-shifting and argue about free movement of labour as the root cause for lessened sovereignty and quality of living, I would like to ask you to how Chinese students coming to your country to study, or eastern European truckers trucking around your goods exactly undermine the sovereignty of your country. I am honestly curious.

I cannot figure out how this prevents your country from maintaining her own infrastructure.

Btw, I would invite you to reflect a bit on how you came to the extremely reductionist viewpoint that all foreign born people are refugees.

alt227 4 days ago||
If water companies had reinvested all the money that shareholders have taken as dividends over the years, then there would be more than enough drinking water for people to come to the UK for decades into the future.

We have not run out of natural resources, the issue is we have not built appropriate infrastructure to harness it for a very long time.

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