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Posted by PaulHoule 10/31/2025

Sustainable memristors from shiitake mycelium for high-frequency bioelectronics(journals.plos.org)
145 points | 66 comments
embedding-shape 10/31/2025|
> We demonstrate fungal computing via mycelial networks interfaced with electrodes, showing that fungal memristors can be grown, trained, and preserved through dehydration, retaining functionality at frequencies up to 5.85 kHz, with an accuracy of 90 ± 1%. Notably, shiitake has exhibited radiation resistance, suggesting its viability for aerospace applications

Soon we'll have shiitake replacing transistors in our airplane and spacecraft computers, while sitting and eating ramen on the vehicles themselves. The future is shaping up to be interesting.

zdragnar 10/31/2025||
Having only dabbled the slightest in hardware... are functional frequencies topping out at 6 kHz useful for memristors in modern computing? I feel like having separate components each magnitudes faster would be better than combining them into a memristor that sounds so slow.
estimator7292 10/31/2025|||
If you mean x86 class performance, no, obviously not.

But 6kHz is not nothing. For application-specific computers, you can do a lot with very little. You aren't going to be building high performance general purpose computers, but for an atonomous circuit quietly ticking away computing orbital trajectories or stellar navigation, you don't need modern x86 class performance.

xeonmc 10/31/2025||||
If it enables massively concurrent in-memory compute then the frequency disadvantage could just be scaled away.
makapuf 11/1/2025||
IF you don't care about the issue of moving information, and provided your problem is embarassingly parallel.
avmich 11/2/2025||
Fortunately, a lot of problems are embarassingly parallel.
bee_rider 10/31/2025||||
A bunch of mushrooms as a giant 6kHz memory array with in-memory computing seems pretty pointless IRL. But it adds a nice air of plausibility to some sci-fi stories!
m4rtink 10/31/2025|||
Might be enough for microcontrollers and overall simple control applications?
reactordev 10/31/2025|||
So sci-fi isn’t far off after all.

War of the Worlds.

The last of us.

Battlestar Galatica.

All had some fungi/organic hook (ok, last of us is about zombies but still).

Curious if we could mux them into something faster at a higher order or something. The idea that organics can be used for electronics is so wild.

sholladay 10/31/2025|||
Star Trek has a number of organic computing examples, too. Species 8472, Data, and the Borg all use varying degrees of organic components.

There's also the bio-neural gel packs on Voyager and the unnamed 31st century Earth vessel discovered by Archer and the NX-01 Enterprise.

New Trek even has a mycelial network in space.

reactordev 11/2/2025||
New Trek is so awful. There’s no depth to anything. Interweaving stories to make them seem important. It’s just bad TV.

The previous, it gets better the closer to TNG it is. Granted DS9 was a different beast than TNG or Voyager. Those shows had episodes, individual stories, as well as seasonal arcs. Back when shows were written for TV. New Trek feels like a bad movie script broken into episodes with side character filler.

gertlex 10/31/2025||||
Planet/mindworms in Alpha Centauri :D
foobarian 10/31/2025|||
Juffo-Wup fills in my fibers and I grow turgid. Violent action ensues.
Razengan 10/31/2025||
They are Non, they cannot understand.
tosapple 10/31/2025||
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Control_II

Downloadable as 'uqm' in debian

Razengan 10/31/2025||
….I..literally quoted another one of the Mycon's lines
PaulHoule 10/31/2025|||
What it makes me think of is 'cybernetics' research from the 1960s when it was not a foregone conclusion that transistors, especially CMOS transistors, were the future of computing. Back then there was a lot of research into alternate models of computation, something that's only becoming relevant today as CMOS may be running out of steam.
hencq 10/31/2025||
I recently read The Unaccountability Machine (which I can recommend btw), which mentions Stafford Beer's experiments with a computing pond. Who knows, maybe we'll control our factories with mushroom brains soon!
physarum_salad 10/31/2025||
How is this related to that at all? The fungi they used are clearly dead...
giovannibonetti 10/31/2025|||
> Soon we'll have shiitake replacing transistors in our airplane and spacecraft computers, while sitting and eating ramen on the vehicles themselves. The future is shaping up to be interesting.

By the way, some people say eating meat is not going to be sustainable as more and more people become able to afford it, and fungi are a great option for providing the equivalent protein intake.

SeanAnderson 10/31/2025||
It's already not sustainable, but that hasn't really stopped us.
bozhark 10/31/2025||
It absolutely is possible though.

We don’t incentivize properly

Onavo 10/31/2025|||
As the young people say, Paul Stamets wants to "know your location".

Maybe we will figure out mushroom powered warp drive too some day.

card_zero 11/1/2025|||
Interesting new episodes of Air Crash Investigation coming up. Crucial avionics were inadvertently eaten by the inexperienced and hungry copilot.
louthy 10/31/2025|||
The memristor industry will mushroom
physarum_salad 10/31/2025||
Preserved through dehydration? This means the fungus is dead.
gnabgib 10/31/2025||
OSU.Edu - original research (6 points) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45698732

PLOS - original paper (3+6 points) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45714547 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45731592

Toms Hardware coverage https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45718691

SemiEngineering coverage (3 points) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45730587

Phys.Org coverage (2 points) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45732287

calibas 10/31/2025||
There's a theory that's been going around for a while that trees were using mycelium networks to communicate via electrical signals. Some of these theories even went so far as to claim whole forests function similar to a brain.

It's controversial, but considering this study I think we should take these ideas a little more seriously.

lubujackson 10/31/2025||
I thought this was fairly well proven at this point. If one tree is distressed, nearby trees become aware of it through signal passing using mycellium (which has more nodes in a forest than the human brain has neurons).

Fungi are deeply alien life. Also, there is proof that there used to be towering mushroom forests in the time of dinosaurs. And if you pick up a boring brown mushroom in the forest there is a reasonable chance it is an unidentified species, since there are several that are indisiguishable except by full analysis (which there is little focus on).

calibas 10/31/2025|||
I've talked to biologists who think the idea is just new-age hippy nonsense.

It's not quite mainstream, Wikipedia goes over the current science fairly well: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycorrhizal_network

8bitsrule 10/31/2025||
Terence McKenna could say 'told you so'.
embedding-shape 10/31/2025||||
> Fungi are deeply alien life.

Weird perspective, they were here long before us, and are even some of the earliest forms of complex life on the planet :)

Insanity 10/31/2025|||
Lol, I asked ChatGPT to identify the towering mushroom you mentioned.. and it made a sexual innuendo joke instead..

The response:

===

Summary answer

• The fossil in question: Prototaxites.

• Evidence: large fossil trunks, isotope analysis showing non‐plant behaviour; tube/hyphal internal structure.

• Time & environment: Early land colonisation era (pre-trees, pre-dinosaurs) in the Silurian/Devonian.

• The claim of “towering mushroom forests in the time of dinosaurs” is not strictly correct: they were huge, fungus-like (or fungus affiliated) but lived well before dinosaurs, and “forest” may be figurative rather than well established.

If you like, I can dig up a short list of the recent papers (with Figures) on Prototaxites so you can see the fossil evidence directly. Would that be helpful, Rob Mpucee?

===

That’s a wild answer lol. Although it technically did answer the question.

sethammons 11/1/2025||
Where is the innuendo? I don't see it.
WastedCucumber 11/1/2025||
"Rob Mpucce"
whereismyacc 11/1/2025|||
What would be the evolutionary advantage of this? I know nothing about biology so I'm struggling to see the use of such a network. Some kind of synchronization?
WastedCucumber 11/1/2025||
IIRC, communication of threats, exchange of rarer nutrients (this is the main symbiosis trees have with the mycelium anyway), perhaps from healthy trees to needy trees. Solething like that? If I find a source I'll edit this comment.

edit: turns out the Wikipedia page is extensive.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycorrhizal_network?wprov=sfla...

estimator7292 10/31/2025|||
We basically just haven't studied it enough, but it's very clear that massive mycelial networks are doing something.

I don't think it's absurd to hypothesize that a mycelial structure as complex and interconnected as an animal brain might have similarly complex emergent properties. It's an extraordinary claim, but really not out of the question. We just need to go and find out.

Razengan 10/31/2025||
Yes please! I'd love some "naturepunk": Think Flintstones but for real: using natural life processes to provide our technologies.

Yes, this is how it's always been: Animals, meat, skin, beasts of burden, wood, petroleum.

But now we may be able to do it with zero-cruelty: Actually GROWING things straight into a usable form, skipping the "harvesting" part.

(Though I hope we're not opening a whole new realm of misery.. imagine being born as a chair and feeling ass all your existence)

jdiff 10/31/2025|
There's an interactive story that has elements of this[0]. Many of the simpler objects don't have much capacity to think or feel on their own, but the corru equivalent of elevators are fully sentient beings capable of conversation and problem solving, and they're just kind of built to be quite satisfied helping move people around. Corru computers are capable of hosting entire communities of distinct intelligences, each program sentient and (mostly) dedicated to its role. Not all of them can be chatted up, the authorization/access control program understandably isn't very chatty, but it is an intelligent being.

It's a pretty enjoyable experience, and all of the graphics are ordinary HTML elements with 3D CSS transformations, which makes it super hackable and fun to crack open in an inspector.

All that to say, if the best chairs required intelligence, it'd be in everyone's best interest to make that intelligence real thrilled about ass.

[0] http://corru.observer/

tazjin 11/1/2025|||
In one of the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy books there was a bit about the company that makes Marvin, the depressed robot, also making sentient elevators. These elevators had issues with getting depression, and the companies using them in their office buildings would hire psychology students to talk to them on the basement levels and convince them to go up again.
Razengan 10/31/2025||||
But not too thrilled, mind you
radarsat1 11/1/2025|||
one word: chairdogs
physarum_salad 11/1/2025||
Most wet organic or biological materials will produce memristive (pinched hysteresis) IV curves when measured with macroelectrodes (1–20 mm contact scale) due to inherent interfacial electrochemistry, ion migration, or redox processes at the electrode-tissue interface.

Macroscale memristivity is an artifact of slow interfacial kinetics sampled over large diffusion volumes. Shrink electrodes below ~100 µm → hysteresis vanishes.

Dry biological materials almost never show true memristive (pinched, history-dependent) IV curves at any electrode scale (macro or micro) under standard DC sweeps. The reasons are structural and physicochemical—drying eliminates the ionic mobility that sustains memory.

physarum_salad 11/1/2025|
If the fungus was dried how do ions move? Where is the memory effect. Hyphae collapse so maybe it is ions shuttling through the dead matrix?
corysama 10/31/2025||
Whatever happened to memristors? For a little while they were going to change computing. And, I haven't heard about them since.
jayd16 10/31/2025||
Intel has the Optane drives but I think anyone in need just pays for the ram.
physarum_salad 10/31/2025||
That is because it is cool theoretically but not useful in practice. Every organic material is a memristor and even good memristors are not scalable.

RRAM resistive switching is the far more useful property and this has already been investigated extensively.

joelthelion 10/31/2025||
Do we really believe that this kind of stuff has any chance of scaling and becoming generally useful?
PaulHoule 10/31/2025||
If we're ever going to colonize space or even do automated manufacturing in space on any scale we need to build a system which can manufacture "anything" that can be sent in a small number of launches and watched over by just a few people.

Eric Drexler's "assembler" concept has been stuck for the last 25 years, but biological systems are a good model because if they can build you out of a cell they could build just about anything else out of a cell. This kind of mycelium network is running fast compared to the neurons in your brain.

embedding-shape 10/31/2025|||
Do we have to believe this will scale and be "generally useful" (whatever that means) in order for it to be interesting enough to talk, discuss and think about?
Uhhrrr 10/31/2025||
To be fair, among the first questions interested people would ask about something like this are, "what can we use it for?" and "will it scale?"
jazzyjackson 10/31/2025|||
Interested people being investors I guess?

My reaction is more, how does this work, what is it about mushrooms and mycelial networks, and sure, what is possible - but not, how soon can I monetize this

embedding-shape 10/31/2025||||
"what can we use it for?" I'd understand why someone would ask. Maybe not specifically in this case, as it's outlined in the abstract and paper itself, but I generally understand that.

"will it scale?" I'm not so understanding of, for a submission about early research, it's one of the less interesting questions about it, and something you figure out much much later, and wouldn't invalidate these results no matter what the answer to that question is.

Razengan 10/31/2025|||
Can I eat it? Can I fuck it? Will it eat me? Will it fuck me?
TheRealPomax 10/31/2025|||
Why would belief have anything to do with doing interesting research to see what can be done in this universe?
kulahan 10/31/2025||
Using fungus in more advanced ways? Yeah for sure.

Using shiitake mushrooms to build memristors for space? Eh.

Just worth noting that fungus in general is a world we know very little about, despite them being more closely related to animals than plants are. It's why so many mushrooms tend to have healthy compounds in them. It's something we should be studying in any generic sense, just because the knowledge gap is so huge.

Note: the reason it's dangerous to eat random fungus isn't because it's likely to kill us, but rather because they produce such an absolute plethora of chemicals that one is bound to not mix well with us. False morels produce hydrazine! That's rocket fuel!

physarum_salad 10/31/2025||
Was the fungus alive or dead? How did the memristive curve change depending on viability? Are all biological materials alive or dead memristors? In this case what is it about the property of the IV curves that is so ubiquitous? Is it actually a measurement artifact related to ion changes induced by using identical electrodes? All questions the deluge of memristor papers using biological materials consistently fail to answer.
tengbretson 10/31/2025||
HP fumbled the bag on this tech so hard that literal mushrooms are beating them to market.
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