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Posted by ColinWright 11/19/2025

How Slide Rules Work(amenzwa.github.io)
203 points | 60 comments
jjgreen 11/20/2025|
In the UK there was a time (late `70s) when slide-rules were allowed in examinations but calculators weren't, no-brainer to learn how to use one just for that. Even better, if you added "(SR)" after your calculations, that indicated that you had used a slide-rule so small errors were permitted.
JKCalhoun 11/19/2025||
Deep dive, for sure. I suspect Cliff Stoll is enjoying this site.

I played with creating a logarithmic slider thing [1] in Javascript that I hoped I could package up as a kind of "widget" people could use on their web pages. But I don't really know Javascript that well—or rather how to make an API out of a Javascript thing.

Anyway, to test it I tried to make an Ohm's Law calculator [2].

I would love to see a site like the one in this post have some kind of interactive slide rule on the web page itself.

[1] https://github.com/EngineersNeedArt/SlideRule

[2] https://www.engineersneedart.com/ohmslaw/index.html (the yellow slider is not directly user-moveable in this example)

ErroneousBosh 11/20/2025|
It works well enough to get the idea of "set the voltage, set the resistance, read the current off the voltage scale above the 1 on the resistance scale". It might be a little easier to do if the rules were closer, which would probably require a little noodling about with the code to make the "resistance" box sit below the rule scale.
bentley 11/21/2025||
> I missed my slipstick. Dad says that anyone who can’t use a slide rule is a cultural illiterate and should not be allowed to vote. Mine is a beauty—a K&E 20″ Log‐log Duplex Decitrig. Dad surprised me with it after I mastered a ten-inch polyphase. We ate potato soup that week—but Dad says you should always budget luxuries first. I knew where it was. Home on my desk.

Robert A. Heinlein, Have Space Suit—Will Travel (1958)

smusamashah 11/20/2025||
Here one can play with many slide rules in the browser https://www.sliderulemuseum.com/VirtualSR.shtml
wyclif 11/20/2025||
My Dad is a retired R&D chemist who worked at the DuPont corporation's Experimental Station. When I was a kid he would bring his old slide rules home from work when he got a new one, and at one point he explained to me how they work but I forgot it all long ago.

I still have the slide rules, so this post was a great rabbit hole to go down. In software there's no need for them but I still find them fascinating as a window into how engineers used to get their work done.

ErroneousBosh 11/20/2025|
> In software there's no need for them...

... but in the Real World they work pretty well for the sort of calculations you might need to do in the field (literally, in a field, sometimes) and don't require batteries, are reasonably waterproof, and reasonably robust if dropped.

VLM 11/20/2025|||
The all plastic ones are intrinsically safe in a potentially flammable environment, they don't require power, they're an education in how most engineering materials in the real world have surprisingly wide tolerances so they are far more than accurate enough for most work, for people who learn graphically/visually they are the logical next educational step after counting on fingers.

They're pretty useful for teaching amateur people how to implement algorithms. Multiple ways to solve problems, some easier than others, some more efficient than others, with immediate rewards of faster higher accuracy.

ErroneousBosh 11/20/2025||
> The all plastic ones are intrinsically safe in a potentially flammable environment

Never thought of that, and I used to work in an ATEX environment where calculators powered by watch batteries had to be carefully logged and carried across to a "safe" area inside a special (horribly expensive) Peli case.

ompogUe 11/21/2025||
Me neither. Similar to the drill floor on oil rigs where there's tracking of every tool in use to make sure it is non-sparking.
ghaff 11/20/2025||||
There were also all manner of specialty "slide rule" calculators of various kinds for special purposes. I used to have a bunch of them especially from the oil business. Don't know if I still have any at this point.
ErroneousBosh 11/20/2025||
Somewhere I have a circular one for flight calculations that you velcro to the knee of your trousers.
buggi23 11/20/2025||
To add to this, there's a great set of resources by Joe Pasquale explaining the mathematical theory behind how various functions can be computed by slide rules:

* https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~pasquale/Classes/SlideRule/

* Mathematical Foundations of the Slide Rule (PDF): https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~pasquale/Papers/IM11.pdf

* Why Does A Slide Rule Work? (PDF): https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~pasquale/SlideRuleTalkLasVegas14.pd...

The gist of it is:

1. First, define a way to represent any univariate monotonic function f(x) on a graduated scale. (Specifically: select a discrete set of x values, and for each of these x values, place a mark with label x at a distance proportional to (f(x) - f(x_L)) from the left endpoint, where x_L is the leftmost x value.)

2. Then, if we have two such scales f(x) and g(x) that can slide relative to each other, we can compute functions of the form h(x, y, z) = f_inverse(f(x) + g(y) - g(z)).

It ends up being surprisingly versatile -- the above resources show how you can compute:

1. Multiplication: x * y using f(x) = log(x) and g(y) = log(y), with z fixed at 1

2. Hypotenuse: sqrt(x^2 + y^2) using f(x) = x^2 and g(y) = y^2, with z fixed at 0

3. Parallel resistors: 1/(1/x + 1/y) using f(x) = 1/x and g(y) = 1/y, with z fixed at +infinity

4. Exponentiation: x^(y/z) using f(x) = log(log(x)) and g(y) = log(y)

throw0101a 11/20/2025||
This education film from 1957 gives a good overview of using one:

* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oYQdKbQ-sgM

"Professor Herning" (?) also has a good series of videos on the use of various scales as well:

* https://www.youtube.com/@ProfessorHerning/videos

His playlist starting at the beginning (C and D scales) with a Manheim layout:

* https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_qcL_RF-ZyvWJJkJOk_O...

* https://sliderulemuseum.com/Manuals/M37_Post_Manheim_Instruc...

Some manuals / books on slide rules:

* 1909: https://archive.org/details/mannheimsliderul00coxwrich

* 1922: https://archive.org/details/cu31924002978561/mode/2up

argiopetech 11/20/2025|
I also like (and was lucky enough, as a young man, to find a physical copy of) Asimov's "An Easy Introduction to the Slide Rule." It's my favorite introductory text. PDF copies can be found on the web.
clickety_clack 11/20/2025||
Slide rules are super cool. Such an easy gift to give the engineer in your life.

I never spent the time to get quick with it, but I could absolutely see it being quicker than a calculator. You’d just have to be aware of the limits to its precision if you were in a field that required it.

deepspace 11/20/2025||
Quicker than an algebraic calculator, maybe, but very few people could get. faster with a slide rule than an ergonomic RPN calculator. like the HP 41 series. And I say that as an enthusiastic and experienced slide rule user, before I switched to a calculator.

One problem with a slide rule is that it only performs operations on normalized mantissas. You have to keep a parallel exponent calculation in your head, and that slows you down. Also, maintaining best precision slows you down.

litoE 11/20/2025|||
When using a slide rule, keeping track of the number of digits to the left of the decimal point (DLDP) in the result is fairly simple if you know the basic rule:

For multiplication, the DLDP in the result is:

- the sum of the DLDPs of the multiplicands MINUS 1 if the multiplication is done with the slide sticking out to the right of the ruler's body (for example 2.0 x 3.0 = 6.0).

- the sum of the DLDPs of the multiplicands if the multiplication is done with the slide sticking out to the left of the ruler's body (for example 5.0 x 4.0 = 20.0).

There's a similar rule for division, but that's left as an exercise for the student.

VLM 11/20/2025||||
> You have to keep a parallel exponent calculation in your head, and that slows you down

We were taught to estimate and use the rule to refine. I date back to the early electronic calculator era and we still had textbooks referencing slide rules etc.

"I want a dropping resistor for a plain old 1980s LED in a car" (back in ye old red LED 20 mA days) "Well experience indicates that will be far more than 500 ohms and somewhat less than 1K and IRL you're probably going to install a 680 and call it good" If you want an actual calculation for engineering purposes you calculate the ideal value under worst case conditions as about 585-ish ohms or whatever using the slide rule, purchasing LOLs at the idea of buying 0.1% precision resistors for mere LEDs, installs cheap 680 ohms and ships it. Maybe 680s if you want it bright to see in daylight or 820 if you want better odds to survive an alternator field winding dump or open battery (about the same thing). You can at least use the slide rule to verify everyone rounded in the "safer" direction to handle the worst case scenario.

ghaff 11/20/2025|||
I used an HP-41CV for many years. I needed the financial calcs module which I used in place of the dedicated HP financial calculator in grad school. Eventually gav out on me but was a good calculator for a long time.

I did keep a slide rule as a backup for exams in college when calculators were still LED but never really used one after a couple of years in high school.

VLM 11/20/2025||
The financial people I know all own 12Cs and they've been in continuous production since '81 although the innards are just a very boring ARM processor now.

They do what people want, the keyboard feel is infinitely smoother than tapping on a phone, etc.

ghaff 11/20/2025||
I have an HP-41 app on my phone that the author gave to me when I was doing some product reviews early-on in the smartphone days. But definitely not the same as the physical HP calculator.

Yeah, the 12C was the standard in business school. But I needed a new calculator and the 41 with its various modules worked fine and was more general purpose.

bregma 11/20/2025||
You still have to be aware of the difference between precision and accuracy, and how to propagate precision through calculations to maintain accuracy. It's a forgotten skill that lets us now create data out of whole cloth and call it actionable information but back when slide rules and log tables ruled the day the difference was stressed over and over in math and science classes and you would fail an assignment or a test question if you had the wrong precision in a result.

We have speed electronic calculators now instead of slide rules, but they give a wronger answer and people aren't even aware of it or know why.

bogardon 11/20/2025||
For people into watches, check out this video (and the whole series of watch and learn) on slide rules on watches: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuK_77DEUfw
jrop 11/20/2025|
Wow, I really want a slide rule watch now.
xmcp123 11/20/2025|
In my head: “Oh yeah, I forgot how to use one of those”

This article: “lol, is that the depth of your commitment”

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