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Posted by skwee357 1/18/2026

Dead Internet Theory(kudmitry.com)
697 points | 697 commentspage 2
gmuslera 1/18/2026|
In one hand, we are past the Turing Test definition if we can't distinguish if we are talking with an AI or a real human or more things that were rampant on internet previously, like spam and scam campaigns, targeted opinion manipulation, or a lot of other things that weren't, let's say, an honest opinion of the single person that could be identified with an account.

In the other hand, that we can't tell don't speak so good about AIs as speak so bad about most of our (at least online) interaction. How much of the (Thinking Fast and Slow) System 2 I'm putting in this words? How much is repeating and combining patterns giving a direction pretty much like a LLM does? In the end, that is what most of internet interactions are comprised of, done directly by humans, algorithms or other ways.

There are bits and pieces of exceptions to that rule, and maybe closer to the beginning, before widespread use, there was a bigger percentage, but today, in the big numbers the usage is not so different from what LLMs does.

callc 1/19/2026||
Recently I’ve been thinking about the text form of communication, and how it plays with our psychology. In no particular order here’s what I think:

1. Text is a very compressed / low information method of communication.

2. Text inherently has some “authority” and “validity”, because:

3. We’ve grown up to internalize that text is written by a human. Someone spend the effort to think and write down their thoughts, and probably put some effort into making sure what they said is not obviously incorrect.

Intimately this ties into LLMs on text being an easier problem to trick us into thinking that they are intelligent than an AI system in a physical robot that needs to speak and articulate physically. We give it the benefit of the doubt.

I’ve already had some odd phone calls recently where I have a really hard time distinguishing if I’m talking to a robot or a human…

GMoromisato 1/19/2026||
This is absolutely why LLMs are so disruptive. It used to be that a long, written paper was like a proof-of-work that the author thought about the problem. Now that connection is broken.

One consequence, IMHO, is that we won't value long papers anymore. Instead, we will want very dense, high-bandwidth writing that the author stakes consequences (monetary, reputational, etc.) on its validity.

Avicebron 1/19/2026||
The Methyl 4-methylpyrrole-2-carboxylate vs ∂²ψ/∂t² = c²∇²ψ distinction. My bet is on Methyl 4-methylpyrrole-2-carboxylate being more actionable. For better or worse.
zahlman 1/19/2026||
Sorry, I have absolutely no idea what you're trying to say with that.
jaccola 1/19/2026|||
But that’s not the Turing Test. The human who can be fooled in the Turing test was explicitly called the “interrogator”.

To pass the Turing test the AI would have to be indistinguishable from a human to the person interrogating it in a back and forth conversation. Simply being fooled by some generated content does not count (if it did, this was passed decades ago).

No LLM/AI system today can pass the Turing test.

zahlman 1/19/2026||
I've encountered people who seem to understand properly how the test works, and still think that current LLM passes it easily.

Most of them come across to me like they would think ELIZA passes it, if they weren't told up front that they were testing ELIZA.

caspar 1/20/2026||
I think state of the art LLMs would pass the Turing test for 95% people if those people could (text) chat to them in a time before LLM chatbots became widespread.

That is, the main thing that makes it possible to tell LLM bots apart from humans is that lots of us have over the past 3 years become highly attuned to specific foibles and text patterns which signal LLM generated text - much like how I can tell my close friends' writing apart by their use of vocabulary, punctuation, typical conversation topics, and evidence (or lack) of knowledge in certain domains.

optimalsolver 1/19/2026||
on one hand

on the other hand

Kelteseth 1/19/2026||
Are you implying that this was an AI bot comment?
zahlman 1/19/2026||
I think it was a grammar/idiom correction.
pants2 1/19/2026||
Are there any social media sites where AI is effectively banned? I know it's not an easy problem but I haven't seen a site even try yet. There's a ton of things you can do to make it harder for bots, ie analyze image metadata, users' keyboard and mouse actions, etc.
raincole 1/19/2026||
The said hypothetical social media, if gaining any traction, will be the heaven for adversarial training.
152334H 1/19/2026|||
in effect, broadly anti-AI communities like bsky succeed by the sheer power of universal hate. Social policing can get you very far without any technology I think
Ronsenshi 1/19/2026||
I'm all for that, but how would this realistically work? Given enough effort you can produce AI content which would be impossible to tell if it's human-made or not. And in the same train of thought - is there any way to avoid unwarranted hate towards somebody who produced real human-made content that was mistaken for AI-content?
dpkirchner 1/19/2026|||
It's impossible, so I figure we may as well accept it when browsing rando's content (or just don't read any of it) and reject it when interacting with friends and family. What else can you really do?
pants2 1/19/2026||
Sure, it's impossible to block everything, but you can at least make it difficult enough to post AI slop that the spammers go elsewhere. Most social media sites haven't even tried and are in fact actively encouraging AI slop.
happosai 1/19/2026|||
There are mastodon communities such https://mastodon.art/ where AI is explicitly banned.
voidUpdate 1/19/2026|||
Apparently the vine restart will explicitly ban ai content. Thus providing an excellent source of untainted training data, but that's beside the point
rsynnott 1/19/2026|||
Not actually banned on Bluesky, but the community at large is so hostile to it that, generally, there's very little AI stuff.
8organicbits 1/19/2026||
I don't know of any, but my strategy to avoid slop has been to read more long-form content, especially on blogs. When you subscribe over RSS, you've vetted the author as someone who's writing you like, which presumably means they don't post AI slop. If you discover slop, then you unsubscribe. No need for a platform to moderate content for you... as you are in control of the contents of your news feed.
anonnon 1/19/2026||
Reddit has a small number of what I hesitatingly might call "practical" subreddits, where people can go to get tech support, medical advice, or similar fare. To what extent are the questions and requests being posted to these subreddits also the product of bot activity? For example, there are a number of medical subreddits, where verified (supposedly) professionals effectively volunteer a bit of their free time to answer people's questions, often just consoling the "worried well" or providing a second opinion that echos the first, but occasionally helping catch a possible medical emergency before it gets out of hand. Are these well-meaning people wasting their time answering bots?
AuthAuth 1/19/2026||
These subs are dying out. Reddit has losts its gatekeepy culture a long time ago and now subs are getting burnt out by waves of low effort posters treating the site like its instagram. Going through new posts on any practical subreddit the response to 99% of them should be "please provide more information on what your issue is and what you have tried to resolve it".

I cant do reddit anymore, it does my head in. Lemmy has been far more pleasant as there is still good posting etiquette.

nitwit005 1/19/2026||
I'm not aware of anyone bothering to create bots that can pass the checking particular subreddits do. It'd be fairly involved to do so.

For licensed professions, they have registries where you can look people up and confirm their status. The bot might need to carry out a somewhat involved fraud if they're checking.

anonnon 1/19/2026||
I wasn't suggesting the people answering are bots, only that the verification is done by the mods and is somewhat opaque. My concern was just that these well-meaning people might be wasting their time answering botspew. And then inevitably, when they come to realize, or even just strongly suspect, that they're interacting with bots, they'll desist altogether (if the volume of botspew doesn't burn them out first), which means the actual humans seeking assistance now have to go somewhere else.

Also on subreddits functioning as support groups for certain diseases, you'll see posts that just don't quite add up, at least if you know somewhat about the disease (because you or a loved one have it). Maybe they're "zebras" with a highly atypical presentation (e.g., very early age of onset), or maybe they're "Munchies." Or maybe LLMs are posting their spurious accounts of their cancer or neurdegenerative disease diagnosis, to which well-meaning humans actually afflicted with the condition respond (probably along side bots) with their sympathy and suggestions.

nitwit005 1/19/2026||
Ah, apologies, misread your post.
flopslop 1/19/2026||
This website absolutely is social media unless you’re putting on blinders or haven’t been around very long. There’s a small in crowd who sets the conversation (there’s an even smaller crowd of ycombinator founders with special privileges allowing them to see each other and connect). Thinking this website isn’t social media just admits you don’t know what the actual function of this website is, which is to promote the views of a small in crowd.
BLKNSLVR 1/19/2026||
To extend what 'viccis' said above, the meaning of "social media" has changed and is now basically meaningless because it's been used by enough old media organisations who lack the ability to discern the difference between social media and a forum or a bulletin-board or chat site/app or even just a plain website that allows comments.

Social Media is become the internet and/or vice-versa.

Also, I think you're objectively wrong in this statement:

"the actual function of this website is, which is to promote the views of a small in crowd"

Which I don't think was the actual function of (original) social media either.

iceflinger 1/19/2026||
This site is social media because I scroll it all day and get mad.
f311a 1/18/2026||
> The use of em-dashes, which on most keyboard require a special key-combination that most people don’t know

Most people probably don't know, but I think on HN at least half of the users know how to do it.

It sucks to do this on Windows, but at least on Mac it's super easy and the shortcut makes perfect sense.

chao- 1/18/2026||
I don't have strong negative feelings about the era of LLM writing, but I resent that it has taken the em-dash from me. I have long used them as a strong disjunctive pause, stronger than a semicolon. I have gone back to semicolons after many instances of my comments or writing being dismissed as AI.

I will still sometimes use a pair of them for an abrupt appositive that stands out more than commas, as this seems to trigger people's AI radar less?

kelseydh 1/19/2026|||
One way to use em-dash and look human is to write it incorrectly with two hyphens: --
JKCalhoun 1/19/2026||||
I still use 'em. Fuck what everybody else thinks.
charcoalhobo 1/19/2026||
There's always the 3-em dash⸻a dastardly long strike.
chao- 1/19/2026||
That is fantastic.
myself248 1/19/2026||||
At this point I almost look forward to some idiot calling me AI because they don't like what I said. I should start keeping score.
rsch 1/19/2026|||
I can’t be the only one who has ever read https://practicaltypography.com/hyphens-and-dashes.html
kelseydh 1/19/2026||
This would have been very helpful three years ago, before I permanently stopped using em-dashes to not have my writing confused with LLM's.
JKCalhoun 1/19/2026||
I suspect whatever you try to do to not appear to be an LLM… LLM's also will do in time.

Might as well be yourself.

phito 1/19/2026||
Indeed. I found that recently, Claude has been using hyphens instead of emdashes.
numpad0 1/19/2026|||
I've been left wondering when is the world going to find out about Input Method Editor.

It lets users type all sorts of ‡s, (*´ڡ`●)s, 2026/01/19s, by name, on Windows, Mac, Linux, through pc101, standard dvorak, your custom qmk config, anywhere without much prior knowledge. All it takes is to have a little proto-AI that can range from floppy sizes to at most few hundred MBs in size, rewriting your input somewhere between the physical keyboard and text input API.

If I wanted em–dashes, I can do just that instantly – I'm on Windows and I don't know what are the key combinations. Doesn't matter. I say "emdash" and here be an em-dash. There should be the equivalent to this thing for everybody.

bakugo 1/18/2026|||
Now I'm actually curious to see statistics regarding the usage of em-dashes on HN before and after AI took over. The data is public, right? I'd do it myself, but unfortunately I'm lazy.
dang 1/19/2026||
Someone did just that!

Show HN: Hacker News em dash user leaderboard pre-ChatGPT - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45071722 - Aug 2025 (266 comments)

... which I'm proud to say originated here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45046883.

JKCalhoun 1/19/2026||
Ha ha, my first use of an em-dash on HN was 2016 which was the year I started my account.

I'm safe. It must be one of you that are the LLM!

(Hey, I'm #21 on the leaderboard!).

d4rkp4ttern 1/19/2026||
First time I’m hearing about a shortcut for this. I always use 2 hyphens. Is that not considered an em-dash ?
FridayoLeary 1/19/2026|||
You are absolutely right — most internet users don't know the specific keyboard combination to make an em dash and substitute it with two hyphens. On some websites it is automatically converted into an em dash. If you would like to know more about this important punctuation symbol and it's significance in identitifying ai writing, please let me know.
d4rkp4ttern 1/19/2026|||
Wow thanks for the enlightenment. I dug into this a bit and found out:

Hyphen (-) — the one on your keyboard. For compound words like “well-known.”

En dash (–) — medium length, for ranges like 2020–2024. Mac: Option + hyphen. Windows: Alt + 0150.

Em dash (—) — the long one, for breaks in thought. Mac: Option + Shift + hyphen. Windows: Alt + 0151.

And now I also understand why having plenty of actual em-dashes (not double hyphens) is an “AI tell”.

acidburnNSA 1/19/2026|||
If you have the compose key enabled it's trivial to write all sorts of things. Em dash is compose (right alt for me) ---

En dash is compose --.

You can type other fun things like section symbol (compose So) and fractions like ⅐ with compose 17, degree symbol (compose oo) etc.

https://itsfoss.com/compose-key-gnome-linux/

On phones you merely long press hyphen to get the longer dash options.

FridayoLeary 1/19/2026||||
Thanks for that. I had no idea either. I'm genuinely surprised Windows buries such a crucial thing like this. Or why they even bothered adding it in the first place when it's so complicated.
jsheard 1/19/2026|||
The Windows version is an escape hatch for keying in any arbitrary character code, hence why it's so convoluted. You need to know which code you're after.
semilin 1/19/2026|||
To be fair, the alt-input is a generalized system for inputting Unicode characters outside the set keyboard layout. So it's not like they added this input specifically. Still, the em dash really should have an easier input method given how crucial a symbol it is.
kevin_thibedeau 1/19/2026||
It's a generalized system for entering code page glyphs that was extended to support Unicode. 0150 and 0151 only work if you are on CP1252 as those aren't the Unicode code points.
wincy 1/19/2026|||
And Em Dash is trivially easy on iOS — you simply hold press on the regular dash button - I’ve been using it for years and am not stopping because people might suddenly accuse me of being an AI.
tverbeure 1/19/2026|||
Thanks for delving into this key insight!
keyle 1/19/2026|||
No it's not the same. Note there are medium and long as well.

That said I always use -- myself. I don't think about pressing some keyboard combo to emphasise a point.

PaulDavisThe1st 1/19/2026|||
The long --- if you're that way minded --- is just 3 hyphens :)
d4rkp4ttern 1/19/2026|||
Yep I realize this now, as I said in my other comment.
BLKNSLVR 1/19/2026||
I'm not really replying to the article, just going tangentially from the "dead internet theory" topic, but I was thinking about when we might see the equivalent for roads: the dead road theory.

In X amount of time a significant majority of road traffic will be bots in the drivers seat (figuratively), and a majority of said traffic won't even have a human on-board. It will be deliveries of goods and food.

I look forward to the various security mechanisms required of this new paradigm (in the way that someone looks forward to the tightening spiral into dystopia).

TacticalCoder 1/19/2026||
> In x amount of time a significant majority of road traffic will be bots in the drivers seat (figuratively), and a majority of said traffic won't even have a human on-board. It will be deliveries of goods and food.

Nah. That's assuming most cars today, with literal, not figurative, humans are delivering goods and food. But they're not: most cars during traffic hours and by very very very far are just delivering groceries-less people from point A to point B. In the morning: delivering human (usually by said human) to work. Delivering human to school. Delivering human back to home. Delivering human back from school.

WD-42 1/19/2026|||
Not a dystopia for me. I’m a cyclist that’s been hit by 3 cars. I believe we will look back at the time when we allowed emotional and easily distracted meat bags behind the wheels of fast moving multiple ton kinetic weapons for what it is: barbarism.
bigstrat2003 1/19/2026|||
That is not really a defensible position. Most drivers don't ever hit someone with their car. There is nothing "barbaric" about the system we have with cars. Imperfect, sure. But not barbaric.
lmm 1/19/2026|||
> Most drivers don't ever hit someone with their car. There is nothing "barbaric" about the system we have with cars. Imperfect, sure. But not barbaric.

Drivers are literally the biggest cause of deaths of young people. We should start applying the same safety standards we do to every other part of life.

weregiraffe 1/19/2026|||
>Most drivers don't ever hit someone with their car.

Accidents Georg, who lives in a windowless car ans hits someone over 10,000 times each day, is an outlier and should not have been counted

throwaway132448 1/19/2026||||
You should spend some more time driving in the environments you cycle in. This will make you better at anticipating the situations that lead to you getting hit.
nottorp 1/19/2026|||
Maybe take a look at how the Netherlands solved this problem. Hint: not with "AI" drivers.

By the way, I don't bike but I walk about everywhere lately. So to hyperbolize as it's the custom on the internets, i live in constant fear not of cars, but of super holier than you eco cyclists running me over. (Yea, I'm not in NL.)

bee_rider 1/19/2026||
Why specifically be worried about cyclists in this weird and unusual mental state? Do holier than thou cyclists have more momentum or something? (I’ve never met one).

Anyway, a fix that should work fine for both of you is to take a lane from cars and devote it to cyclists. Nobody actually wants to bike where people walk, some places just have bad infrastructure.

nottorp 1/19/2026||
> Do holier than thou cyclists have more momentum or something?

They think they're martyrs or something. What am I then if i take a backpack and do my shopping on foot? I'm even more eco because I didn't spend manufacturing resources on a bike, and even more of a martyr because walking is slow.

> to take a lane from cars and devote it to cyclists. Nobody actually wants to bike where people walk

Yep, see my NL reference :)

disqard 1/19/2026|||
You might like David Mason's short story "Road Stop":

https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/61309

Morromist 1/19/2026|||
I mean maybe someday we'll have the technlogy to work from home too. Clearly we aren't there yet according to the bosses who make us commute. One can dream... one can dream.
BLKNSLVR 1/19/2026||
Anecdote-only

I actually prefer to work in the office, it's easier for me to have separate physical spaces to represent the separate roles in my life and thus conduct those roles. It's extra effort for me to apply role X where I would normally be applying role Y.

Having said that, some of the most productive developers I work with I barely see in the office. It works for them to not have to go through that whole ... ceremoniality ... required of coming into the office. They would quit on the spot if they were forced to come back into the office even only twice a week, and the company would be so much worse off without them. By not forcing them to come into the office, they come in on their own volition and therefore do not resent it and therefore do not (or are slower to) resent their company of employment.

RajT88 1/19/2026||
I really liked working in the office when it had lots of people I directly worked with, and was next to lots of good restaurants and a nice gym. You got to know people well and stuff could get done just by wandering over to someone's desk (as long as you were not too pesky too often).
BobBagwill 1/19/2026||
The Last of the Winnebagos by Connie Willis
MarkusWandel 1/20/2026||
That, and the stuff on Facebook. All those AI-written articles which usually make a big ado about a minor event, but if you google the name of the protagonist or do a Google Lens on the picture, you can get the original story in 1/100 as many words. But sometimes the thing is completely made up. Does anyone even care any more? The flood of words is made to be reasonably engaging, but after you fall for them a few dozen times you just can't be bothered to read them any more, so who or what is it really for? These are not "meant to outrage" articles, just... filler.
chrisjj 1/18/2026||
> The notorious “you are absolutely right”, which no-living human ever used before, at-least not that I know of

What should we conclude from those two extraneous dashes....

skwee357 1/18/2026||
That I'm a real human being that is stupid in English sometimes? :)
wincy 1/19/2026|||
I knew it was real as soon as I read “I stared to see a pattern”, which is funny now I find weird little non spellcheck mistakes endearing since they stamp “oh this is an actual human” on the work
skwee357 1/19/2026|||
Ha! Despite the fact that I tend to proof read my posts before publishing, right after publishing, and sometimes re-reading them few months after publishing, I still tend to not notice some obvious typos. Kinda makes you feel appreciation for the profession of editors and spell checkers. (And yes, I use LanguageTools in neovim, but I refuse to feed my articles to LLMs).
chrisjj 1/19/2026||
Your stared typo passes spellcheck.
fragmede 1/19/2026|||
Or the user has "ChatGPT, add random misspellings so it looks like a human wrote this" in their system config.
chrisjj 1/18/2026||||
That's just what an AI would say :)

Nice article, though. Thanks.

roywiggins 1/19/2026|||
I'd read 100 blog posts by humans doing their best to write coherent English rather than one LLM-sandblasted post
pixl97 1/18/2026|||
The funny thing is I knew people that used the phrase 'you're absolutely right' very commonly...

They were sales people, and part of the pitch was getting the buyer to come to a particular idea "all on their own" then make them feel good on how smart they were.

The other funny thing on EM dashes is there are a number of HN'ers that use them, and I've seen them called bots. But when you dig deep in their posts they've had EM dashes 10 years back... Unless they are way ahead of the game in LLMs, it's a safe bet they are human.

These phrases came from somewhere, and when you look at large enough populations you're going to find people that just naturally align with how LLMs also talk.

This said, when the number of people that talk like that become too high, then the statistical likelihood they are all human drops considerably.

masswerk 1/18/2026|||
I'm a confessing user of em-dashes (or en-dashes in fonts that feature overly accentuated em-dashes). It's actually kind of hard to not use them, if you've ever worked with typography and know your dashes and hyphenations. —[sic!] Also, those dashes are conveniently accessible on a Mac keyboard. There may be some Win/PC bias in the em-dash giveaway theory.
whstl 1/18/2026||
A few writer friends even had a coffee mug with the alt+number combination for em-dash in Windows, given by a content marketing company. It was already very widespread in writing circles years ago. Developers keep forgetting they're in a massively isolated bubble.
ChrisMarshallNY 1/18/2026||||
I use them -but I generally use the short version (I'm lazy), while AI likes the long version (which is correct -my version is not).
malfist 1/18/2026||
You don't use em dashes then, you use en dash.
pixl97 1/18/2026|||
I think they are saying they are using an en dash where they should use an em dash.
ChrisMarshallNY 1/18/2026||
Yup. Note that I didn't name the dash.
Mordisquitos 1/18/2026||||
They don't use the en dash, at least not in their comment—they are using the hyphen-minus as en dash–em dash substitute.
JKCalhoun 1/19/2026|||
(Looks more like a tee-dash to me.)
al_borland 1/18/2026||||
> part of the pitch was getting the buyer to come to a particular idea "all on their own" then make them feel good on how smart they were.

I can usually tell when someone is leading like this and I resent them for trying to manipulate me. I start giving the opposite answer they’re looking for out of spite.

I’ve also had AI do this to me. At the end of it all, I asked why it didn’t just give me the answer up front. It was a bit of a conspiracy theory, and it said I’d believe it more if I was lead there to think I got there on my own with a bunch of context, rather than being told something fairly outlandish from the start. That fact that AI does this to better reinforce the belief in conspiracy theories is not good.

1bpp 1/18/2026|||
An LLM cannot explain itself and its explanations have no relation to what actually caused the text to be generated.
roywiggins 1/19/2026|||
I don't know why LLMs talk in a hybrid of corporatespeak and salespeak but they clearly do, which on the one hand makes their default style stick out like a sore thumb outside LinkedIn, but on the other hand, is utterly enervating to read when suddenly every other project shared here is speaking with one grating voice.

Here's my list of current Claude (I assume) tics:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46663856

anonnon 1/19/2026||
Those are hyphens.
ezekg 1/19/2026||
Spend a few days on Threads or on Instagram and you'll see the majority of viral posts on Threads are generated by AI, and the majority of descriptions on Instagram are generated by AI. It makes me incredibly sad, because I've used the internet for human connection my entire life. I always loved meeting new people, or reading other's perspectives. But it all just feels so ... empty ... now. I hope the pendulum swings the other way soon.
jofzar 1/19/2026|
> The notorious “you are absolutely right”, which no living human ever used before, at least not that I know of > The other notorious “let me know if you want to [do that thing] or [explore this other thing]” at the end of the sentence

There's a new one, "wired" I have "wired" this into X or " "wires" into y. Cortex does this and I have noticed it more and more recently.

It super sticks out because who the hell ever said that X part of the program wires into y?

ggm 1/19/2026|
You are absolutely right is something some people in some variants of English say all the time.

It may grate but to me, it grates less than "correct" which is a major sign of arrogant "I decide what is right or wrong" and when I hear it, outside of a context where somebody is the arbiter or teacher, I switch off.

But you're absolutely wrong about youre absolutely right.

It's a bit hokey, but it's not a machine made signifier.

account42 1/19/2026|||
If AI generated content uses it significantly more than the average person then it is a machine signifier, even if some humans also use it.
ggm 1/19/2026||
It could add to a weighted score. That's about as far as I'd go personally.
account42 1/19/2026||
I'd say it depends on the situation and what the cost of false positives/negatives are for it. When you are looking at a practically infinite list of things to read and are looking to filter out AI garbage as not worth reading then filtering out the occasional typographical nerd is not that much of a problem.
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