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Posted by speckx 4 hours ago

Sandboxing AI Agents in Linux(blog.senko.net)
65 points | 36 comments
bigwheels 1 hour ago|
I use Leash [1] [2] for sandboxing my agents (to great effect!). I've been very happy with it, it provides much strict policy-level control for both process-level + network-level activity, as well as full visibility with a nice UI and dynamic runtime controls via WebUI. Way better than bubblewrap imo.

I originally saw it here on HN and have been hooked ever since.

[1] Screenshot: https://camo.githubusercontent.com/99b9e199ffb820c27c4e977f2...

[2] https://github.com/strongdm/leash

Fun fact: Do you know what container / sandboxing system is in most widespread use? Not docker containers, certainly not bubblewrap, and not even full VMs or firecracker. It's Chrome tabs.

observationist 54 minutes ago|
Using Chrome for anything seems like a security failure of itself. It's got great features, but damn do they come at a cost.
sylvinus 25 minutes ago||
This is the way to go! On my side I've build a very small `claude-vm` wrapper to run each instance in a VM with Lima: https://github.com/sylvinus/agent-vm
aflag 2 hours ago||
I don't know if I want to create an ad-hoc list of permissions. What I would like would be something like take a snapshot of my current workspace in a VM. Run claude there and let it go wild. After the end of the session, kill the box. The only downside is potentially syncing the claude sessions/projects. But I don't think that'd be too difficult.
secure 1 hour ago||
I recently blogged about how I do this using MicroVMs on NixOS: https://michael.stapelberg.ch/posts/2026-02-01-coding-agent-...
senko 1 hour ago||
> take a snapshot of my current workspace in a VM. Run claude there

Sounds like docker + overlayfs might fit the bill, as long as there's a base image that is close enough to what you need.

I don't think there should be One True Way how to run these, everyone can set it up in a way that best fits their workflow.

ushakov 1 hour ago||
both Docker and bubblewrap are not secure sandboxes. the only way to have actually isolated sandboxes is by using VMs

disclaimer: i work on secure sandboxes at E2B

senko 1 hour ago|||
No disagreement from me. From the article:

> Bubblewrap and Docker are not hardened security isolation mechanisms, but that's okay with me.

Edit to add: my understanding is the major flaw in this approach is potential bugs in Linux kernel that would allow sandbox escape. Would appreciate your insight if there are some easier/more probable attack vectors.

its-summertime 53 minutes ago|||
Do you have more information on how to set up such VMs?
ushakov 43 minutes ago||
for personal use, many ways: Vargant, Docker Sandbox, NixOS VMs, Lima, OrbStack.

if you want multi-tenant: E2B (open-source, self-hosted)

ATechGuy 2 hours ago||
I will ask what I've asked before: how to know what resources to make available to agents and what policies to enforce? The agent behavior is not predefined; it may need access to a number of files & web domains.

For example, you said: > I don't expose entire /etc, just the bare minimum How is "bare minimum" defined?

> Inspecting the log you can spot which files are needed and bind them as needed. This requires manual inspection.

senko 1 hour ago||
Article author here. I used trial and error - manual inspection it is.

This took me a few minutes but I feel more in control of what's being exposed and how. The AI recommended just exposing the entire /etc for example. It's probably okay in my case, but I wanted to go more precise.

On the network access part, I let it fully loose (no restrictions, it can access anything). I might want to tighten that in the future (or at least disallow 192.168/16 and 10/8), for now I'm not very concerned.

So there's levels of how tight you want to set it.

ATechGuy 1 hour ago||
> I feel more in control of what's being exposed and how

Makes complete sense. Thanks for your insights!

aflag 2 hours ago||
Ask the agent to bubblewrap itself
aktuel 2 hours ago||
I like this approach for Nix: https://dev.to/andersonjoseph/how-i-run-llm-agents-in-a-secu... It makes it also easy to give the agent only access to the tools it actually needs.
kernc 2 hours ago||
As a heads up and affirmation that the approach is correct, here's a small shell bubblewrap wrapper that boils the command line down to `sandbox-run claude --dangerously-skip-permissions`.

https://github.com/sandbox-utils/sandbox-run

charcircuit 1 hour ago||
If you have ssh installed, with network access it can ssh localhost to escape the sandbox.
qwertox 1 hour ago||
You can consider these agents criminals, or treat them like babies. Both can do harm for a while, but one offers a future.
senko 1 hour ago|||
Don't give it access to your ssh keys!
charcircuit 53 minutes ago||
Yes, it should have its own dedicated key instead of sharing one of your own.
dist-epoch 1 hour ago||
`ssh localhost` doesn't work for me. maybe because I have enabled only key-based ssh and my user key is not in authorized_keys? am I missing something?
charcircuit 55 minutes ago||
You are right in that it would still need to authenticate.
athrowaway3z 2 hours ago||
I'm launching a SaaS to create yet another solution to the AI Sandboxing problem in linux.

My friends and I have spent a lot of time quietly injecting support down into the kernel without anybody raising a flag, and we finally have the infrastructure in place to solve this problem.

We have also poisoned all the LLMs training data with our approach, so our marketing is primed and we wont even need to learn Claude to use our tool.

We’re planning a soft launch this month, or maybe next month. Depending on how "in the vibe" (our new word for flow :) our team gets.

We’re calling it `useradd`.

Yes, the man page is intimidating, and the documentation is terrible. But once you're over the learning curve, it puts your machine into a kind of 'main frame' mode where multiple 'virtual teletypes' and users can operate on the same machine.

DM me if you want a beta key.

---

Sorry for the snark, but i cringe at the monuments to complexity I see people building, at least this solution is relative simple and free. Still, dont really see what it buys me.

tasuki 2 hours ago||
Well done. It took me all the way up to `useradd`...

Edit: too bad about your edit. The comment was just fine without it.

athrowaway3z 1 hour ago||
I wrote my comment to vent my disdain for all the circus projects filled with marketing blurbs and features lists for their overengineered vibeslop.

OP is just sharing the cool utility he found, and how it solved a problem for him.

It felt bad to leave them with the message they shouldn't have, or that he's a big part of the problem.

senko 1 hour ago||
OP here, no worries, loved the comment and appreciate the feeling :)
CuriouslyC 1 hour ago|||
I get where this is coming from, and it's not a terrible solution, but VMs are still better in terms of security and isolation. Typical workstation systems are not designed to be secure from their own users, and frontier models are going to get scary good at cracking systems soon.
carsoon 30 minutes ago||
Fully sandboxed VMs are more secure but not everyone is looking for the most secure option. They are looking for the option that works the best for them. I want to be able to share my development environment with the agent, I have a project with 30 1gb and one 30gb sqlite database. I back it up daily and they can all be reconstructed from the code but it takes a long time. When things change I don't want to have to copy them into a separate vm bloating my storage and using excess resources and then having to rectify them, I want to be sharing the same environment with my agent so I can work side-by-side.

I would rather just have the agent not accidentally delete files outside of its working environment but I am not worried about malicious prompt injection or someone stealing my code.

For me I see the LLM as a dumb but positive actor that is trying to do its best but sometimes makes mistakes, so I want to put training wheels on it while still allowing it to share my working space.

senko 1 hour ago|||
I love using different users for separating services I run on the same box!

For development, I want to be able to access/run/modify/delete the files alongside the AI agent. This can be done if groups and group permissions are set correctly (and the agent correctly chmods everything...), but that feels more fiddly than just isolating it with bubblewrap, systemd, or whatever, and preserving the uid/gid.

Just my 2c - it's great that we have options!

mystifyingpoi 2 hours ago||
`useradd` doesn't restrict network access.
kaffekaka 1 hour ago||
I have used a separate user, but lately I have been using rootless podman containers instead for this reason. But I know too little about container escapes. So I am thinking about a combination.

Would a podman container run by a separate user provide any benefit over the two by themselves?

muggesmuds 2 hours ago|
Would love this for MacOS
senko 1 hour ago||
There's https://code.claude.com/docs/en/sandboxing that uses something called Seatbelt on Mac and bubblewrap (the same thing I used here) on Linux.

No idea how customizable that is.

davidcann 1 hour ago||
My app does this on macOS! https://multitui.com
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