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Posted by udit99 12 hours ago

Why is the sky blue?(explainers.blog)
408 points | 153 commentspage 4
thot_experiment 5 hours ago|
the pupil asked, why is the sky blue? the master answered, because the sun is yellow, and the pupil was enlightened
ranger_danger 11 hours ago||
Here is a wonderful lecture with real-world demonstrations of the effect:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4a0FbQdH3dY

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayleigh_scattering

I do have a question though.

The article says:

> blue and violet have the closest frequencies to a “resonant frequency” of nitrogen and oxygen molecules’s electron clouds

I thought it was more to do with the photon frequency matching the physical size of the air molecules? Or is that the same as its resonant frequency?

pfdietz 10 hours ago||
Air molecules are much smaller than the wavelength of visible light, by several orders of magnitude. This is why you can't resolve individual molecules in an optical microscope, and why photolithography with visible light doesn't go down to molecular feature sizes.
renewiltord 10 hours ago|||
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4a0FbQdH3dY&t=2038

Direct link to timestamp 33:56

AndrewKemendo 10 hours ago||
Fs is the frequency at which whatever your measuring is most efficient at vibrating

So it’s a combination of the composition of the thing and the environmental coupling with other vibrating things

Size and material composition are the primary factors

So for this case, the photon spectrum interact with nitrogen-oxygen mixture most efficiently at the frequency that reflects blue

I mostly studied sound frequency mixing with static objects (matching or cancelling the fs of room/space with the fs of a driver) but the principles of resonance hold across media

zkmon 7 hours ago||
Okay, why does visible light have that range of frequencies?
smegger001 7 hours ago|
because they are the frequencies that pass though water most readily, and we are made of mostly water
jet98 6 hours ago||
that's interesting. I thought it was because our sun's spectrum has the most energy in visible light band - therefore we evolved to see the light which can give us the highest SNR.

Can you be more specific?

nostrademons 3 hours ago||
The sun's spectrum doesn't have the most energy in the visible light band, though it's close. Most of the energy is in the infrared band:

https://sunwindsolar.com/blog/solar-radiation-spectrum/?v=0b...

Both the "because that's what the sun emits" and "because we are mostly water" explanations are incomplete. There are plenty of other animals [1] that can "see" infrared.

The real reason is simply because that's how we evolved. That's how the "because those are the frequencies that pass through water" explanation comes into play: vision first evolved in aquatic animals, so frequencies that don't penetrate water wouldn't have been all that helpful to their survival and reproductive success, and so wouldn't be selected for. But that's incomplete too: salmon are one of the top IR-sensing animals and they live in water, so when there's an evolutionary need to select for IR vision, it happens. The reason we "see" in the visible light range is simply that that's how we've defined "visible".

There are some physics reasons as well, notably that most mammalian body structures emit heat, which would blind an animal that relies on infrared to see (notice how most of the animals that can see infrared are cold-blooded reptiles, fish, and insects), and that most of the high-resolution biochemical mechanisms that can convert electromagnetic waves to electrochemical nerve impulses operate in the visible light range. Structures that convert infrared radiation to nerve impulses are more complex and more costly to support, so unless there's a clear survival benefit for the species, they tend to get selected away.

[1] https://a-z-animals.com/animals/lists/animals-that-can-see-i...

manojlds 6 hours ago||
So are there animals that see a violet sky?
brcmthrowaway 3 hours ago||
If the sun is emitting pure white light, why is it yellow?
brcmthrowaway 3 hours ago||
How does a 3D raytracing engine accomplish this?
IshKebab 7 hours ago||
If you think about it "because air is blue when you look at it from the side" is about all the explanation we'd require if the sky was some normal object like an apple. Nobody asks "why is wood brown?" as if it's some deep question, but "why is the sky blue?" is somehow given greater gravitas, as if the reason is more mystical. I guess because the sky is so big and uniform?
erikdkennedy 6 hours ago|
It could also be this sorta thought:

"There's air in my room, it appears transparent. The sky is made of air, it appears blue. Why the difference"

oxag3n 8 hours ago||
The same reason it's polarized.
yawpitch 7 hours ago||
The sky isn’t blue. It’s transparent. That’s why you can see stars that aren’t blue at night. When struck by sunlight at the right angles it appears blue, but saying it is blue is like saying the ocean is green when a bucket of it clearly isn’t.
jxdxbx 4 hours ago||
If something appears blue, it is blue. That’s all color is.

Also, if you took a sufficiently large quantity of air and put it into empty space and shined very bright white through it, it would experience rayleigh scattering—-meaning that air, when you have enough of it and shine a bright enough light through it, is blue.

mncharity 3 hours ago||
Perhaps "transparent with a blue tint"?
nephihaha 5 hours ago|
Where I live, the sky is grey much of the time... Most of last week anyway!
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