Top
Best
New

Posted by kingcrimson1000 5 hours ago

The switch to Linux and the beginning of my self-hosting journey(hazemkrimi.tech)
101 points | 107 comments
SunshineTheCat 3 hours ago|
No comment on the hosting end of things, however, I switched to Ubuntu on my PC a couple of weekends ago and I still have not adjusted to the peace and quiet of not getting 87 meaningless windows notifications every time I boot up.
xboxnolifes 1 hour ago||
I'm not exactly a windows lover, but what are you people doing to your windows installs to get so many notifications? I get nothing at boot and the only notifications I get are from when windows defender blocks something and I need to add an exclusion.
doubled112 16 minutes ago||
Notifications? I wish.

Mine keeps shoving full screen backup reminders in my face.

Skip for now. Maybe later. Not right now.

It’s a work machine, but not on a domain, and I don’t use an MS account.

robby_w_g 3 hours ago|||
No more updates in the middle of a multi-player game with friends. How will I ever live without Windows?
PlatoIsADisease 2 hours ago||
After you get frustreted having to use the terminal to make Ubuntu work, try Fedora.

Ubuntu is outdated linux, it part of Debian-family, which goes by the misleading name 'stable'. Its not stable like a table. Its stable like software versions are frozen, despite bugs being fixed.

Fedora isnt Arch, I think most Debian-family users don't realize they are unrelated. Fedora is just well maintained and generally up to date.

jszymborski 2 hours ago|||
I started using Linux desktops around 2012, and always used Debian-based distros (Mostly Debian, Ubunutu, and Mint).

I switched to Fedora this year, and I've been super pleasantly surprised. There are some sharp edges (Mostly due to Wayland and Flatpaks), but I don't think I'll be going back to Debian any time soon. Things seem way more stable than on Ubuntu.

SunshineTheCat 2 hours ago||
That's really interesting. A problem I've been having with Ubuntu is just quirky things with bluetooth devices and a monitor that doesn't always get recognized when waking the pc up from sleep.

In your experience, does Fedora handle these better than Ubuntu?

soperj 1 hour ago|||
I've been using Fedora since 2011, haven't had any monitor or bluetooth issues. Originally had a wifi issue when I first got a Ryzen computer, but it was solved fairly easily and haven't had an issue since. The upgrade from 42 to 43 borked my local postgres, but it seems that they understand what their mistake was there.

edit: I use it on a thinkpad, ymmv

PlatoIsADisease 12 minutes ago|||
This is literally why we suggest Fedora.

Bluetooth sucks on Debian-family because the kernel is from 2024... Fedora's kernel is from 3 months ago.

Anyway, enjoy Fedora. Fedora is so good, I won't call it Linux.

coffeebeqn 40 minutes ago||||
There are certainly a lot of great options. I tried Fedora, Mint and Cachy recently and for my machine and use cases it had the most issues. Mint and cachy basically work perfectly out of the box
scrollop 2 hours ago||||
I tried using Linux 5 years ago - too difficult to learn terminal commands to configfure everythiong.

Tried again a few months ago and it's a breeze with an llm creating all the commands and code and troubleshooting.

eg vibe coded a text transcriber similar to windows Voice Typing.

simion314 2 hours ago||||
Right, cause latest packages bring only latest features and bug fixes and never bring new bugs, do you ever wonder how those bugs that the latest packages fix get in ?

I recommend for people that want things to not change and not get new bugs every update to use an LTS distro like Kubuntu and only get latest kernels or drivers from a PPA or upstream if you really have to. I am not running the latest KDE stuff and I feel fine, I am not suffering in pain for some cool new feature in Plasma and some new bug, I am comfortable with the existing features and existing bugs.

beart 2 hours ago||
I've tried debian variants many times over the years. However, my actual experience has been one of struggles with outdated software, knowing that the fix I need is just out of reach. Trying to pull in some of these fixes from a PPA often leads to a dependency mess. I'm sure I could deal with it better if I took the time, but I just want to do the thing I want to do. The other "reason" to use Debian is the supposed large user base and community support. But I've found more often than not that many of the solutions to my problems are outdated or don't work for whatever reason.

Ironically, my best experience so far in that regard is an arch variant (CachyOS).

That said, people shouldn't be afraid of experimenting to find the best software for their purposes, and something like Linux Mint is still a great option to recommend to people who are new to Linux.

simion314 1 hour ago||
OK, but stop with bullshit that you get more stability because of new packages, you get latest features you read about or watched in some video but you also get the latest bugs, and to get fixes for this latest bugs you will upgrade again in a few months and you get the latest fixes and some new bugs.

There are some valid usecases to use rolling or some bleeding edge distro, like if you want to contribute to KDE or similar project you would want to track latests library versions, but for doing say a web dev job and soem enterteminent an LTS distro works better, you do not upgrade and you have the surprise that GNOME removed yet some new feature you were using, or soem stuff in Plasma broke and now you get a ton of notifications about something not working, or maybe you did not read the Arch forums before upgrading and you had cool package Y that conflicts with cool package Z and now your system is unbootable and you need to fix it instead of doing your actual work. (Arch fans should first Google Arch upgrade briked my system before commenting that this never happened to them).

Btw I used Arch in the past too when I had more free time and loved thinkering with my system.

htx80nerd 2 hours ago|||
for 'rolling stable' openSuse is also worth mentioning
init2null 7 minutes ago|||
Just bear in mind that the OSS nvidia kernel module often causes breakages there with mismatched firmware. The entirely proprietary module or nv are fine.

Tumbleweed is good for a mostly stable, clean KDE distro, but I wouldn't recommend it for gaming or codec integration. The first-class btrfs snapshots are probably my favorite feature.

pdimitar 2 hours ago|||
Does it come with the latest Linux kernel?
tmtvl 1 hour ago||
Depends whether you go with Tumbleweed, Slowroll, or Leap. I believe the Kernel Of The Day repository is only available for Tumbleweed. By 'latest' kernel you did mean bleeding edge nightly builds, right?
pdimitar 1 hour ago||
No, I mean latest non-RC kernel (currently 6.18).

I want to have VMs that are kind of like Arch but a little bit more stable, yet have very latest versions of everything I need with minimal risk (no need for the bleeding edge at all times; Manjaro does this semi-okay with its two weeks grace period).

skydhash 1 hour ago||
Latest also means latest bugs. So unless you’re waiting for some drivers for your hardware, I’m not sure that it’s really needed for general usage.
pdimitar 1 hour ago||
I don't need 100% of all software. Just a tiny fraction and they're modern tools that are heavily iterated on. Is it possible they have bugs? Very much so!

But "stay on an older version to be safe" is not the panacea many try to pretend that it is. Way too many bugs and security vulnerabilities on old versions as well.

skydhash 52 minutes ago||
If you’re on debian, there’s the backports repository, And stable means stable in terms of feature. They still patches for bugs and security, and quite fast for the latter.
digiown 2 hours ago||
Proxmox is probably overkill for beginners. You'll know it when you want it.

I recommend docker-compose based tools, especially dockge [1]. It drastically cuts down on the surface of weird things you have to deal with. Just put up a reasonable distro (I recommend Debian here, since Fedora tends to get some SELinux issues which would confuse beginners), install docker, and run it. You don't have to touch anything else system-wise (maybe except setting up encryption when installing)

Most self-hostable services provide docke-compose files, which you can just paste in with some customizations, and run it from there.

Tailscale for external access is probably the easiest solution.

1. https://dockge.kuma.pet/

SchemaLoad 46 minutes ago||
Some self hosted tools really want to be installed on the host os like Home Assistant. Proxmox just makes it so much easier to blow away and reinstall the OS without having to drag a monitor and keyboard to the server.
digiown 16 minutes ago||
I dunno, home assistant docker works perfectly well IMO.
kingcrimson1000 42 minutes ago|||
I was using KVM with virt-manager on Debian bullseye and I have a great experience especially with GPU passthrough.
TacticalCoder 1 hour ago|||
TFA's author is using GPU passthrough to get Windows to run games with anti-cheats that won't work under Linux. So you want full hardware virtualization with GPU passthrough for that to work: several hypervisors would do but Proxmox is Debian+hypervisor+LXC+ZFS and it is easy to use.

I got my brother, who's not a techie and who lives at the other end of the world, to install Proxmox and get GPU passthrough working.

> Just put up a reasonable distro (I recommend Debian here

Proxmox is basically Debian.

Proxmox allows to do things that are totally overkill for beginners indeed but it's still simple to use for simple stuff.

I think we should encourage beginners, like my brother, to use solutions like Proxmox, not discourage them.

digiown 1 hour ago||
Needing to run games on the same machine as your server is IMO not the most common use case. It tends to be expensive if power bills are a concern and using a VM as your main machine is tricky IMO.

Most games using anticheat won't run on VMs without a fight too. Your Proxmox supports taking a memory snapshot and restore, which would allow most cheats to work if they are convenient enough.

For every person like your brother we have many more half-serious people who need some type of reward before committing more mental effort. Wtf is a storage pool? What do I do with all these clusters, high availability thing it keeps asking about? Flattening out the learning curve is a nice benefit on its own.

kingcrimson1000 40 minutes ago||
The machine that I use now for my server was my main machine back in the day. Apologies if my wording in the post resulted in some confusion but I don't do gaming on the server at all.
Cyph0n 2 hours ago|||
+1, only reach for Proxmox first if you’re really interested in learning it.
newsoftheday 2 hours ago|||
I use KVM, never tried proxmox, don't need it, don't want it.
Joel_Mckay 2 hours ago||
And unstable for novices that have no clue what they are working with OS wise.

The virt-manager is easy for most Desktop folks looking to drop Win11 in a frozen backing-image sandbox with a local samba folder loop-back mount (allows fake network share in Win11 or MacOS guest OS.) =3

digiown 1 hour ago||
Virt manager is the least intuitive (discounting actively antiuser crap) program I've ever dealt with. I still don't quite get it and I've used Linux exclusively for more than 5 years.
watermelon0 34 minutes ago|||
GUI might not be as powerful, but in my experience, it's similarly non-intuitive as alternatives, such as VirtualBox / UTM (macOS) / VMware Fusion/Player.

For anything more complex (e.g. GPU passthrough) you will need to drop into manually modifying XML files.

Joel_Mckay 55 minutes ago|||
Did you use the desktop or the CLI utility?

(user group setting issue is a common hiccup)

It pretty much just automates the standard Qemu/kvm setup workflows. =3

drnick1 1 hour ago||
Why was this posted to HN? There is nothing new or original in the setup presented. People have been self-hosting all kinds of things on commodity hardware for decades, even things said to be "impossible" to self-host like email.

Also, nobody should be buying an (overpriced) Raspberry Pi for self-hosting, when used mini-PCs are faster, more reliable (no SD card, better cooling), and often cheaper.

Finally, I don't think you should use Proxmox in a home setting: too much abstraction, too much overhead (mainly memory). Use Docker where it makes sense, and deploy the rest bare metal.

dunder_cat 1 hour ago||
There's nothing new or original in a lot of things that get posted here. Reading about someone starting a journey provides an interesting catalyst for discussion. What they did right, what they did wrong, other things to try, or even just providing a push to someone else to also try.

I'll take my turn on the soapbox to say I hope people keep posting about their adventures and misadventures in trying something new. I'd much rather be reading that than seeing yet another post on LLM-based agentic startups or pelicans riding bicycles.

dev_l1x_be 1 hour ago||
It has similar vibes as the "I use Arch btw." t-shirt.
the__alchemist 2 hours ago||
For those who switched in the past few years: Has Wayland given you trouble? I was on a journey this morning after testing my software. It's a GUI CAD-style program for structural biology. I test it on Linux periodically to make sure it's cross-platform. The checks usually pass, with some subtlety regarding linking Cuda. Today, I observed that mouse + keyboard inputs to the 3D portion stopped working.

Root cause: Ubuntu and some other distros recently switched to a GUI backend called Wayland. I don't remember upgrading, but maybe it happened during a system update? It has disabled low-level device inputs except for mouse movement. You can use window-based events instead, but IMO this is a mistake. An OS-level function shouldn't block hardware access. I want the OS to facilitate software and hardware; not create friction.

cogman10 2 hours ago||
Wayland was turned on by default in ubuntu 21.04 xorg (the x11 server) was removed from ubuntu in ubuntu 25.10.

Desktops like gnome have dropped support for x11 so you can expect that wayland will be the only way to do things from here on out.

There is a compatibility layer called "xwayland" that should work, but there's definitely some rough edges between x11 apps and wayland apps. x11 gave all apps a pretty large ability to intercept information from across the system. Wayland locks that down pretty significantly.

sho_hn 2 hours ago|||
Hi, I make a Wayland-based desktop environment and ship a few million cars a year using Wayland.

Feel free to get in touch if you want to talk to someone (for free advice) about this porting problem you're having.

stratosmacker 2 hours ago|||
Wayland had been around for a while, but I feel your pain.

Overall it seems much more performant if that makes it any better

the__alchemist 2 hours ago||
More performant is good! Of interest, I was able to insert a workaround (a few lines of `unsafe` which alter local env vars) into the program to have it use Xorg instead.
Pfiffer 1 hour ago|||
The interplay between X11 and Wayland is still bad in my experience- if you don't have all of the XDG-portal stuff setup or force all of the constituent drivers and applications to render on Wayland there will be issues.
Telaneo 2 hours ago||
> For those who switched in the past few years: Has Wayland given you trouble?

No, since I'm on Mint, and thus still on X11.

I keep hearing about Wayland problems, and I pray they don't reach me when Mint switches; that the relevant problems will have been fixed by them time Mint does switch.

SchemaLoad 41 minutes ago||
Wayland has been pretty much a solved problem for a while now. Most distros have been shipping it by default for many years now.
the__alchemist 2 hours ago||
Anecdote from just now, from someone who's wanted to like LInux for ~20 years:

I updated Nvidia drivers from version 580 to 590 on Ubuntu 24, using the additional drivers window. Rebooted. Now instead of the OS, it's booting into something called "BusyBox (initramfs). with a shell. No error message. I don't feel like dedicating an indefinite time to fixing it. Maybe now LLMs will have replaced searching forums and Stack Overflow.

It is this class of problems that has kept me from switching. I'm not sure if it would be easier to track this down, or install the OS clean again. I lament having to make this decision.

eikenberry 1 hour ago||
I switched over 30 years ago and the trick is to buy hardware with Linux in mind. Linux tries to work with as much hardware as possible but it does so with mixed results. If you buy well supported hardware it becomes much easier. Finding out which hardware is best supported is really the main problem. Probably the easiest way to solve this is to buy from a Linux native vendor. System76 is probably the best known (to me anyways) but there are others.
kingcrimson1000 38 minutes ago|||
In my experience LLMs keep running in circles and don't really bring a solution. Maybe try the guides I mentioned in the post in a fresh install?
the__alchemist 33 minutes ago||
Incidentally:

ChatGPT: Ran me in circles as you describe; suggested a number of things I didn't understand, including commands that don't work in the BusyBox shell. (It's not a normal shell)

Gemini: Nailed it on selecting an older kernel in the Grub menu.

kingcrimson1000 14 minutes ago||
For me none of the LLMs helped so I had to bite the bullet and read scatterted documentation myself.
thefz 14 minutes ago|||
Counter anecdote, I have an Ubuntu install that never had a problem for -years-. Last time it would not boot it was my fault for trying to do something stupid (wanted a new kernel for which the virtualbox extension does not work and ended up enabling it without generating initramfs first).
whalesalad 1 hour ago|||
This is usally due to DKMS (dynamic kernel module system). Each time you upgrade your kernel, the nvidia portion needs to be recompiled. If this goes wrong, you end up in a state where you cannot boot.

This is why everyone in the linux world has a very sour taste for nvidia. It's not their fault per-say, but they did opt to go this route versus contributing their drivers to the kernel like everyone else.

the__alchemist 1 hour ago||
That makes sense. Of interest, this was actually an easy fix; go to GRUB, and pick an older kernel! Ty for pointing me to the kernels.
SchemaLoad 38 minutes ago||
In the future or even today with immutable distros, you'll be able to roll back the entire OS the same way you can roll back the kernel to undo any change that breaks the system.
ToucanLoucan 1 hour ago||
This is the exact class of problems that pushed me into Apple's waiting arms. All (well, most. all of what I care about) of the flexibility and ease-of-use and efficiency of linux, stuffed into a gorgeous, well engineered product.

I wish I could fix the things, I'll fully cosign the beef the hacker community has for Apple on that front. That being said, I don't see myself buying a Windows laptop anytime soon.

skydhash 1 hour ago||
One of the goals of the OS is to abstract the hardware. But if hadware vendors won’t play balls there’s nothing the OS can do.
ToucanLoucan 23 minutes ago||
Do you (or anyone else) know if this is related to that famous clip of Linus Torvalds saying "fuck you" to nvidia? I get the impression that nvidia has not prioritized linux at all really over the decades.
medbar 2 hours ago||
May I recommend https://github.com/awesome-selfhosted/awesome-selfhosted or the site by the same name for software that might scratch that one itch you weren’t even aware of
kingcrimson1000 35 minutes ago|
Thanks for the recommendation! I am aware of this repo and hope to try some of the projects mentioned when I have the time. For now I am quite happy with my current setup.
medbar 29 minutes ago||
Great! Looking forward to reading about your journey should you choose to share again :^)
TacticalCoder 1 hour ago||
Like many here I also run a few things at home and I've got a variety of machine: a good old Pi as an unbound DNS server that is on 24/7, A N100 modern NUC, running headless, to stream movies/music (wife or kid or I turn it on when needed), a good old rock stable solid HP Z440 workstation which I use as a server (ECC RAM and 14 cores, yummy) for Proxmox/VMs/Docker/ZFS, etc.

The workstation which I use as a server is only powered up when I need it.

> I used Syncthing for file synchronization and PiHole as my local network DNS server to block unwanted incoming traffic.

Nitpicking but a local DNS resolver doesn't block unwanted incoming traffic: it prevents unwanted domain names from resolving. Arguably if it blocks traffic then it's ongoing traffic that it blocks.

Maybe he meant that the machine running PiHole also runs a firewall? I use unbound, not PiHole, so I'm not that familiar with PiHole (maybe PiHole also acts as a firewall?).

kingcrimson1000 34 minutes ago|
Pihole now includes an unbound setup, they have a section on that in their docs.
tamimio 2 hours ago||
Nice journey, keep digging!

Just one suggestion, I would put the lab network on a separate vlan and access it through a VPN (or tailscale, netbird, etc.) that way you don’t bother with any security risk and only you can access it once you are authenticated to the network, and even if you want to expose a service to the public, you can do so by reverse proxy or service-specific features like funnel from tailscale, so you replace ddns and portforwarding and keeping things secure.

kingcrimson1000 33 minutes ago|
Thanks for the suggestion. Can you explain how my current setup with Wireguard is unsecure?
PlatoIsADisease 2 hours ago|
>I started out with Debian

>There are still issues with driver and software compatibility but it is getting better in the recent years thanks to projects like Wine and Proton .

OP, stop using outdated linux. Debian is intentionally outdated. You will never have a good experience with drivers when you are always using 2 year old kernels and software. 99.9% of humans think the word 'Stable' means bug free, but that isnt what Debian means by it.

I recommend Fedora, which is not Arch, its just up-to-date linux.

stevekemp 2 hours ago|
The current "stable" distribution of Debian is version 13, codenamed trixie. It was initially released as version 13.0 on August 9th, 2025 and its latest update, version 13.3, was released on January 10th, 2026.

So as of today the latest "stable" release of Debian is a month old.

By contrast the last stable release of Fedora is Fedora 43, released on October 28, 2025 which four months old at this point.

Really once you get software that works all of this is pointless anyway, you have working software and you update once every year or so, or when you find you need to.

When you "need" to update is so personal that it cannot be predicted, but your FUD about Debian being universally old and outdated is clearly misleading at best and deliberately misleading at worst.

PlatoIsADisease 13 minutes ago|||
The Kernel was released in 2024...

Have you used Fedora? After using Fedora I was actually offended how bad Windows was and how bad Debian family was.

Its the best OS I've used in my lifetime by what feels like an order of magnitude.

My only terminal commands were to unblock some minecraft ports for my kid. You won't find a Ubuntu/Debian user with that experience.

pdimitar 2 hours ago||||
You are getting too worked up about this, not to mention cherry-picking.

Debian Trixie, to my knowledge, comes with Linux kernel 6.12 LTS. Many people with more modern hardware want the most modern Linux kernel -- currently 6.18 -- to support their devices. There are also countless stabilization patches (I heard some of my acquaintances praising their Linux kernel upgrades as finally giving them access to all features of various Bluetooth periphery but did not ask for details).

Having a modern kernel is important. With Debian though, it's a friction.

Can it still be done? Sure, or at least I hope so as I want to repurpose my gaming machine as a remote worker / station and the only viable choice inside WSL2 is Debian. I do hope I can somehow make Debian install a 6.18 kernel.

Furthermore, you putting the word "need" in quotes implies non-determinism or even capriciousness -- those two cannot be further from the truth.

Arch and Fedora can't come to WSL2 soon enough.

...and none of that is even touching on the issue of much older versions of all software in there. I want the latest Neovim, for example. For objective developer experience reasons.

Debian stable is for purists or server admins. Not for users.

skydhash 56 minutes ago|||
> I do hope I can somehow make Debian install a 6.18 kernel.

There’s the backports repository.

https://backports.debian.org/

PlatoIsADisease 16 minutes ago||
So you lose the stable and have to deal with terminal... Or just use Fedora.
pessimizer 1 hour ago|||
Or just understand that Debian stable can be moved to Debian testing (or even Debian unstable if even 2 weeks is too long) trivially. The best decision that Debian has ever made is not to distribute or advocate for testing as a rolling distribution, because if you're too ignorant to change your repo to testing, you're really too ignorant to be using testing.

Admitting that getting 6.18 on Debian is some sort of insurmountable mountain is not something I would do in public while trying to show off my expertise. I'm not running it, because I don't need a kernel that's been out for 5 minutes and offers me nothing that can't wait a month or two. I'm running what's current on testing, which is 6.17.13. It's about a minute of work to switch to testing. I run stable on all my servers, and testing on my laptops, it is a triviality. But to all you bleeding edge software people, it's somehow rocket surgery.

> Many people with more modern hardware want the most modern Linux kernel

To run the latest version of Progress Quest. Need biggest number available.

> Arch and Fedora can't come to WSL2 soon enough.

So, it's really still Windows, then. I assume you've moved from spending years ranting about how Linux people were purist server admins and Windows was for users and just worked, and now you've chosen the same posture after being pushed out of Windows.

> Debian stable is for purists or server admins. Not for users.

You're not a typical user. Most users want a functional computer, not the largest numbers they can find.

PlatoIsADisease 15 minutes ago|||
>Admitting that getting 6.18 on Debian is some sort of insurmountable mountain is not something I would do in public while trying to show off my expertise.

I genuinely don't care to show off expertise. I just want a distro that works.

pdimitar 1 hour ago|||
I'm really not sure what made you so rude but I'm not participating. You're intentionally misrepresenting because I didn't say even one thing of those you so criticize, yet have the gall to speak about showing something in public.

All the best.

esseph 1 hour ago|||
> you update once every year or so

We're so fucked from a security perspective.

More comments...