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Posted by tosh 17 hours ago

Terminals should generate the 256-color palette(gist.github.com)
453 points | 180 comments
johncoltrane 16 hours ago|
The good thing with the 256c palette is that colors in the 16-255 range are fixed, which gives us a very high level of confidence that 146 will be a muted violet and so on. This is very useful for colorscheme developers because it allows us to provide a pretty good and consistent experience across the widest range of terminal emulators.

If the 256c palette is generated from a -- potentially wild -- 16c palette then there is no guarantee anymore that 146 will indeed be the 146 I expect.

Turning 16-255 into the same kind of minefield as 0-15 seems very misguided to me.

hnlmorg 14 hours ago||
I know 16 colours is limiting, but one of my biggest pet peeves is CLI / TUI developers creating their own custom themes using colours outside of that because odds are, they’re going to generate a colour scheme that is harder to read for a lot of people with visual impairments, people who prefer a white or coloured background for eye comfort, people are dyslexic and find non-black backgrounds easier to read, and others with visual difficulties, reading difficulties, or those who just like a different colour scheme per project or environment they’re working in so they can multitask more easily.

And the developers answer to this loss of control is to create multiple colour schemes and allow the user to configure the app. Which then means their users have to set up their terminal defaults and then configure every fscking app that ignores those terminal defaults(!!!) instead of defining their required colour schemes once in the terminal.

People use the terminal not because it’s pretty but because they find a text interface more efficient. If you want to make pretty things then build a web frontend. But please do not break my terminal because you feel the need to impose on me your own favourite colours of the hour.

mort96 14 hours ago|||
I agree. I always customize the blue color on my terminal because dark blue on black is completely unreadable to me (and I'm not even color blind!). For some reason, every single terminal emulator defaults to a blue that's unreadable on a black background (I think typically #00f).

If a tool overrides my color settings, it too usually picks a dark blue that's unreadable on my black background.

kevin_thibedeau 10 hours ago|||
Most of them are emulating the EGA/VGA palette which was a regression from the CGA terminal colors.

https://int10h.org/blog/2022/06/ibm-5153-color-true-cga-pale...

tracker1 6 hours ago||
Not really, because the dark yellow (not brown) is used... it's similar, but not the same in most terminals... brown as dark yellow for cga was a kind of short to a different color mix than the natural position which most terminals now use... actual screen effectiveness/brightness is different as well.

Kind of anal about this since I started with a lot of CGA and EGA displays when I was in my late teens and early 20s and relatively involved in the ANSi art scene.

Here's a related project I'm working on for playing doors in a web browser.

https://github.com/bbs-land/webterm-dos-ansi

Aardwolf 5 hours ago||
I have no idea if this was the reason behind turning the dark yellow into brown, but the brown was a much better looking color for DOS games so it was a good call

They could also have done something about the two magentas though... E.g. made one of them orange?

tracker1 3 hours ago|||
The light red usually appeared somewhat orangy/peachy, it's generally used as flesh for ansi artworks.

ex: https://16colo.rs/pack/ice-200207a/ti-war.ice

tracker1 3 hours ago|||
I think it was just determined that brown would be more useful than the darker yellow in practice. Other xterm colors are also a bit off from CGA/EGA/VGA DOS colors.
jve 9 hours ago||||
Is there a human that can read that dark blue on black or is it just us who has their eyes wired differently?

I have to select that text to change the background to read it.

johncoltrane 9 hours ago||
No one can and people have been complaining about it for decades.

But there is no standard or standard body anywhere for terminal colors so there is no obvious way to improve this situation.

And no urgency either, because all terminal emulators allow users to customize the palette anyway.

mort96 9 hours ago|||
If I was the maintainer of a terminal emulator, I would see a quite obvious way to improve the situation for my users: change the default colors so that dark blue is brighter.

There's no obvious way to unilaterally improve the situation across the whole ecosystem, that's true. But I don't understand why individual terminal emulator maintainers don't fix it for their users.

johncoltrane 8 hours ago|||
Because it means making choices, breaking assumptions, etc.. They have made it user-customizable so they don't have to go through all that.

FWIW, the current de-facto standard is set by xterm. Here is a relevant excerpt of its source code:

    ! Disclaimer: there are no standard colors used in terminal emulation.
    !
    ! The choice for color4 and color12 is a tradeoff between contrast, depending
    ! on whether they are used for text or backgrounds.  Note that either color4 or
    ! color12 would be used for text, while only color4 would be used for a
    ! background.  These are treated specially, since the luminosity of blue is
    ! only about half that of red/green, and is typically not accounted for in the
    ! RGB scheme.
    !
    ! Blue text on a black background should be readable.
    ! Blue backgrounds should not be "too" bright.
    !
    ! Originally color4/color12 were set to the names blue3/blue
    !*VT100*color4: blue3
    !*VT100*color12: blue
    !
    ! They are from rgb.txt respectively:
    !  0   0 205  blue3
    !  0   0 255  blue
    ! However, blue3 is not readable on a black background.
    !
    ! Another choice was from the Debian settings:
    !*VT100*color4: DodgerBlue1
    !*VT100*color12: SteelBlue1
    !
    ! From rgb.txt:
    ! 30 144 255  DodgerBlue1
    ! 99 184 255  SteelBlue1
    !
    ! Some users object to this choice because the background (color4) is brighter
    ! than they are accustomed.  Others point out that the different weights for
    ! the red/green components make it appear to be not really blue.  Finally, it
    ! provides poor contrast against color13 and color14.
    !
    ! The current choice uses equal weights for red/green (effectively adding a
    ! gray to the result).  It is brighter than the original choice, and provides
    ! more contrast between color12 and color13, color14 than SteelBlue1 did.
    ! Contrast of color4 against black is slightly improved over the original.
    !
    ! Some refinement is certainly possible (you are welcome to try) -TD
Make that what you will :-).
mort96 8 hours ago|||
Running a software project means making choices. Currently, the choice is made to make blue text unreadable. That's not a great choice, in my opinion.
hnlmorg 7 hours ago|||
> the current de-facto standard is set by xterm.

That’s true for 256 colour and various other escape codes too. But I wouldn’t say it’s true for 16 colour pallet.

hnlmorg 7 hours ago|||
Quite a few terminal emulators do this already. Including the one I maintain.
SAI_Peregrinus 8 hours ago|||
There are fewer blue cones in the fovea centralis than there are in the surrounding parts of the macula, so humans can't resolve details as well in blue light.
mort96 8 hours ago||
Which is why people who understand color tend to add a bit of green in to make a color which still looks deep blue but is much brighter than what #00f looks like
hinkley 5 hours ago||||
And I filed a PR because an author used yellow and hadn’t assigned orange to any purpose, which is actually legible on a white terminal where yellow never is.
ErroneousBosh 6 hours ago|||
Not just me then? My "dark blue" is always a kind of pale washed-out-bluey-grey because of that.
zzo38computer 2 hours ago||||
If I make a terminal emulator, I would probably not support true colours in text but only in pictures (and it would be possible to disable pictures). I probably would not implement 256-colours either, because I agree with you; the user configures their own colours to use, and the terminal should use them. For text, only sixteen colours can be used.

Similarly, the user can also set their own fonts for the terminal, just as you can with colours and other functions. (However, some programs will have a reason to configure the fonts and palettes for the specific use, although most won't and even if they do the user might disable those features.)

A program can have an option (possibly by environment variable) to disable colours entirely; this might be necessary even if you can disable colours in the terminal emulator, because a program might want to use such things as reverse video, underlined text, etc to indicate some things when colours are disabled. (Disabled colours can also be useful if you do not have a colour display or if you want to print out a screenshot without a colour printer.)

ffaser5gxlsll 14 hours ago||||
> but one of my biggest pet peeves is CLI / TUI developers creating their own custom themes

An even bigger one is hardcoding black and white instead of using foreground/background and use reverse when needed.

Aardwolf 5 hours ago||||
gdb (the debugger) sometimes prints dark blue text on a black background, which is unreadable. I customize the dark blue color when possible in VTE's due to this, but it's not always possible everywhere

But I wonder what the developers of gdb were using that made them not notice this

AshamedCaptain 12 hours ago||||
Sadly, if users start customizing the 256 color palette, developers will simply switch to true color to continue this mess further...
heliumtera 11 hours ago|||
yes, this. the reason i use wolf (firefox fork) is because i can easily disallow styles overriding, font overriding, and use bitmap fonts. nothing else.

now that react devs finished destroying the web they have to impose their superior taste into terminal through 800mbs TUIs.

donatj 12 hours ago|||
> provide a [...] consistent experience

Please just don't. This is not the web.

Color usage in the terminal should be largely semantic, not stylistic.

Speaking for the group of people I know and work with, we don't want a "consistent experience" and hate TUIs that try to manhandle the color palette. Use color sparingly and with intention. Respect that different people have different settings.

johncoltrane 12 hours ago|||
First, I make third-party Vim colorschemes, not app. People install my colorschemes because they like the colors, not because I'm a monster with a gun pointed at their face. No one is harmed. No one is forced to do anything they don't want.

Outside of my text editor, where colors matter a lot to me for syntax highlighting, I'm definitely in the NO_COLORS camp (and in the NO_EMOJI camp, nowadays).

> Color usage in the terminal should be largely semantic, not stylistic.

I wholeheartedly agree but 0-15 sadly have zero inherent semantics, which is the single reason behind every terminal colors-related drama since forever: developer choses 9 to highlight an error message because it is generally a bright red by default --> user sets 9 to whatever makes sense to them --> error message is illegible.

ryandrake 10 hours ago|||
It would be much better if application developers (and web developers, too) -only- had access to semantic color labels like TEXT, BACKGROUND, ERROR, WARNING, INFO, HIGHLIGHT, and so on, rather than red, yellow, blue, green, black.

I don’t want my applications to decide “this element must be red text on green background.” I want my applications to annotate the UI with things like “warning message” and “title.”

kps 8 hours ago|||
That could be done with a few influential terminal emulators adopting a consensus extension to ISO8613-6, like this: ESC[38:99:‹purpose›m for foreground, ESC[48:99:‹purpose›m for background.

e.g.

    Foreground     Background    Purpose
    -----------    -----------   -------
    ESC[38:99:0m    ESC[48:99:0m   normal ( same as ESC[39m and ESC[49m )
    ESC[38:99:1m    ESC[48:99:1m   emphasise
    ESC[38:99:2m    ESC[48:99:2m   de-emphasise
    ESC[38:99:3m    ESC[48:99:3m   error
    ESC[38:99:4m    ESC[48:99:4m   warning
    ESC[38:99:5m    ESC[48:99:5m   caution
    ESC[38:99:6m    ESC[48:99:6m   notice
Then people (themes) could easily choose foreground colour or background highlighting for particular roles. Some terminal emulators might also choose to configure other stylistic choices like bold, italic, etc.

(I believe ISO8613-6 defines sub-modes 0 through 5 (te;db), with 2 (rgb) and 5 (256-color indexed) being most widely implemented. But some terminals historically mess up : and ; in CSI sequences, and I know at least one would interpret ESC[38:6:1m as ESC[6;1m (blinking bold!), so here I pick 99 (ECMA-48 defines modes up to 65).)

zzo38computer 2 hours ago|||
I like this idea, although I think that they should be only one code, which might program both the foreground and background (and font styles if applicable), rather than separate codes for foreground and for background.
kps 1 hour ago||
Yes, since this morning, I've thought a little more and agree. (I just finished replying to another reply.)

Anyone interested, ping me (address in profile) and encourage me to set up a repo to discuss and formulate a concrete proposal.

hnlmorg 2 hours ago||||
This is a fantastic idea!

I’m working on a terminal emulator. It’s not big like Ghostty but this is something I might adopt

kps 1 hour ago||
After thinking about it a bit more, I think the specific details of that (i.e. inventing an extended colour mode) are not ideal.

One alternative: Assign semantics to colour indexes above 256.

Both of those have the disadvantage that they separate foreground and background colour, but a user really wants a combined semantic presentation. For instance, a user might want a warning message to be black text on a yellow background, and not have to rely on the program remembering to set both foreground and background to ‘warning’ colour.

So another possibility is just to invent new SGR numbers, e.g.

    Control         Purpose
    ------------    -------
    CSI 2 0 0 m    normal (undoes any CSI 1 x x m)
    CSI 2 0 1 m    emphasise
    CSI 2 0 2 m    de-emphasise
    CSI 2 0 3 m    error
    CSI 2 0 4 m    warning
    CSI 2 0 5 m    caution
    CSI 2 0 6 m    notice
    ⋮
Then the user can configure those as they please with any combination of foreground, background, weight, slant, etc.

I'm now thinking about writing up pros and cons of alternatives.

planckscnst 5 hours ago|||
"selected" and "highlighted" would also be useful
johncoltrane 10 hours ago|||
I would really love to have that, too, on every "platform" I have to work on.
makapuf 4 hours ago||||
My proposal would be to define a set of intents for 0-15 with sensible defaults and let terminal themes assign any color they would like to those. 0 would be background, 7 for foreground , 1 for highlight, 3 for titles, 4 for frames and from there work on backgrounds also..
tambourine_man 10 hours ago|||
Can you link to your Vim colorschemes? I have a light and a dark one that I hacked over the years but I'm always looking for new ones.
johncoltrane 9 hours ago|||
My latest, "zaibatsu" is bundled with Vim.

- Apprentice, a low-contrast colorscheme I made years ago and used for a long time: https://github.com/romainl/Apprentice.

- Malotru, my curent colorscheme, more contrasted: https://github.com/romainl/vim-malotru.

- Dichromatic, for colorblind users: https://github.com/romainl/vim-dichromatic.

- Bruin, which only uses typography: https://git.sr.ht/~romainl/vim-bruin

tambourine_man 9 hours ago||
Nice work. Apprentice looks great. Thanks for the links.
wredcoll 7 hours ago|||
Can you share your light one? I've never been able to find a white background scheme I actually love, rather than tolerate...
johncoltrane 6 hours ago||
I prefer my background dark so light colorschemes are not really an area I've explored seriously. Also, dark colorschemes are much easier to design than light ones due to the disproportionate amount of light a white, say, background emits compared to the amount emitted by text. It dramatically reduces the number of colors you can use.

I have one here: https://github.com/romainl/vim-sweet16 but it is intentionally weird and essentially unmaintained.

wredcoll 3 hours ago||
=[

We have many millenia of books using black text on a white background with various colors added, why are computer monitors all of a sudden so special and annoying

hnlmorg 3 hours ago||
Because paper is naturally pale. So it would have been silly for people to colour them black.

And because monitors are giant light bulbs. So a large white background is harder on the eyes than black.

pjmlp 7 hours ago||||
I thought we had left TUIs behind in the 90's, instead it is rainbowns, unicorns, and whatever else going with those stylisic experiences.
ryandrake 10 hours ago|||
Yes, and giving developers control over colors, text size, typeface and so on has also been a usability and accessibility disaster on the web, too! The user should have this control.
tasuki 11 hours ago|||
> which gives us a very high level of confidence that 146 will be a muted violet

Is there anything you can do with that information though? This piece of information only becomes useful if you know what colour the background is. And you should also know the colour of text and everything else.

What if the background is muted violet? What if the background is white and the foreground is muted violet? I don't want you to ever use "muted violet" in my terminal, since you have no idea what colours there are in my terminal.

johncoltrane 9 hours ago||
I make Vim colorschemes so I'm fully in control of all those aspects. If I decide I want a given token in muted violet it is because I know that it will works well with the background… that I have defined myself.

The exact values of your 0-15 don't matter to me and they don't matter to you either, because you chose to use my 256c colorscheme to begin with.

pkulak 6 hours ago||
> I make Vim colorschemes

Then you're not really covered by the article? A colorscheme is all about... color. A TUI is about the content and function. I think there's room to have user-defined 256 palettes that are used by default, while colorschemes can use true color and be chosen by the user if they desire.

lucideer 7 hours ago|||
> This is very useful for colorscheme developers

I would posit then that this article simply doesn't apply to you at all. The feature being described is targetted at users who are effectively developing their own schemes (albeit in a rather simplified automated manner). If I'm taking something off the shelf, I'm using the appropriate recommended base16. I have no expectation that a wild base16 is going to align with any 3rd-party's curated scheme.

I do understand that this logic isn't always going to click with people given the differing contexts of a terminal-wide -vs- app-specific (i.e. vim) approach, but again: that disparity seems either a legacy issue (caused by things like this 16-256 mis-alignment) OR simply a philosophical difference (whereby people who customise at the term level shouldn't at the app level & vice-versa).

lloeki 14 hours ago|||
Terminals like iTerm2 have had a Minimum Contrast for a while that messes with (foreground) colours, sometimes very badly.
shimman 2 hours ago||
For far too long I'm ashamed to admit, I would use vim with the adventure time theme on iterm2. Looking at it now I'm shocked my eyes didn't bleed more. I think the worst part was that visual mode was neon yellow bold text with neon pink bg. Relying on visual mode quite a bit while using vim I was self inoculating my subconscious with stills of a poor Jackson Pollock imitator while on multiple different amphetamines. Hopefully I find out my resistance soon.
Gormo 10 hours ago|||
> and consistent experience across the widest range of terminal emulators.

Instead of aiming to provide a "consistent experience", you should instead prioritize providing consistent functionality, while avoiding impeding users' control over their own particular experience.

johncoltrane 9 hours ago||
No, because I don't develop programs. I make third-party Vim colorschemes that users install because they like the colors. There is no impending happening, here.
tambourine_man 10 hours ago|||
I think it's an interesting idea, but should be set as an option and default to off, for the reason you describe.

If the user sets a sensible 16 color palette though, many old utils could look great out of the box. I'm enticed by the idea.

ryan-c 14 hours ago|||
There are escape codes that can re-define palette entries. Usually including the 16-255 range.
johncoltrane 14 hours ago||
Yes, I know that (see the venerable https://github.com/trapd00r/colorcoke, etc.) but those tricks are not used widely enough for them to be a concern. Using those tricks is also a deliberate choice so it is definitely on the user if my lovingly crafted 256c colorscheme is broken.

Having all terminal emulators run the equivalent of colorcoke without asking the user is not a very bright idea.

vova_hn2 13 hours ago|||
I'm sorry, but I find this mentality from app developers extremely annoying.

I personally prefer light themes everywhere, both in IDEs and in the terminal. I thought that just choosing my own color scheme for 0-15 would give me the color pallette that I prefer, but because app developers like you for some reason decided that you know better what colors do I prefer, this is actually not enough. I also have to configure each TUI application separately to have the color scheme that I like.

And I do not understand why people do it. Like, why would you deliberately break the universal customization system and force users to use your own, specific to your app?

Honesty, each time I encounter an app that uses 16-255 colors, I feel like someone just violated my personal space and intruded into my chosen color pallette with their own colors that don't fit.

johncoltrane 12 hours ago|||
I'm not an app developper. I make third-party colorschemes for Vim, which I assume are downloaded, installed, and used by people on their own volition, after they have looked at, and liked, the screenshots. Moreover, I take great care to make sure they are still usable in 16c, within reason.

Because all my work is based on 16-255, I can actually guarantee to my users that, given a properly configured terminal emulator, they will get the colors on the screenshots.

If I can't rely on 16-255 to be fixed anymore, then I won't be able to make any promise anymore. In practice, it just means adding a caveat in the README.md, but I'd prefer not to. Here's hoping this breaking change gets hidden behind a checkbox/flag.

gzread 6 hours ago|||
That's okay. Because the user has to reach out and choose a colour scheme they like, you can assume if they installed your colour scheme, they like the colours.

But defaults should be simple.

poly2it 11 hours ago|||
Why not truecolor if you want true colours?
johncoltrane 11 hours ago||
I don't want true colours. I want what I already have, 16-255, to stay reliable in the future.
poly2it 11 hours ago||
Is that really optimal? It is already true in that case that your colour schemes do not work for people with opinionated colour settings. Isn't this just relying on a quirk? The point of not using truecolor is to respect the colour preferences of the user.

XKCD 1172? https://xkcd.com/1172/

johncoltrane 9 hours ago||
It has been working for decades and I would rather have it keep working for decades to come.

What would be optimal is semantic _styles_ (not colors):

- The developer marks the string "XXX" as an error message without even trying to style it.

- The platform/user agent/terminal/whatever displays the string in the default style for "error".

- The user can adjust the theme of their platform/user agent/terminal/whatever to fit their needs/wants.

xvilka 7 hours ago||
Semantic styles limit the use - not all interfaces need e.g. "error" context. Take, for example, Task Warrior interface. There is no place for the "error" semantics in it. But there's a place for "critical task" semantics, which is usually also some shade of red.
eddyg 10 hours ago|||
+1

We use an ansible task to ensure SYSTEMD_COLORS=16 is in /etc/environment on every system and it at least solves that problem...

jauntywundrkind 15 hours ago||
This will be fascinating to see in practice, with ghostty for example shipping these changes! I expect that the concern you have here will largely be for naught, with some exception. What are some terminal apps you think might be affected, what are test cases?

I didn't read in fully, but what I was thinking in my head is not that we would just totally replace the rest of the colors with arbitrary palette. But that we would sub in better versions of the palette that also used user colors as the base. What was magenta is derived from what the user picked from blue and red.

There's always been such tension between design/creative and users. Apps & designers want their own brand identity, want creative control to make things just so. And are willing to throw user preference & desire on the pyre to get that exacting control. Personally that was always rubbed me extremely the wrong way; I would way rather allow some weirdness & funkiness in, if it leaves the user in control. But I understand the risk aversion, understand the Murphy's law corporatism that makes people and companies want to build strong laws that forbid anything but strictly approved systems, for fear that things go wrong. I understand. But I also things that's a dogshit world to live in.

johncoltrane 15 hours ago||
I have a bunch of Vim colorschemes under my belt.

0-15 are, as I said, a minefield because they are user-customizable: there is no guarantee whatsoever that my user's 1 will be the same dark-ish red as mine… or that it will be dark-ish… or that it will even be vaguely red-ish. It is actually somewhat fun to design colorschemes within those crazy constraints but oh well.

On the other side of the spectrum, truecolors is a nice idea in principle but support is still spotty and inconsistent. In theory, this gives me, the designer, full control over the colors used in the UI, which is a good thing for us and for my users. In fine, if I want my colorscheme to be usable by most users, then I can't blindly rely on this.

Which leaves me with 16-255, which are more widely supported than truecolors and, more importantly, dependable. They have problems, as mentioned in the article, but their _fixed_ nature gives me confidence that the background color of the status-line, for example, will look exactly the same -- and exactly how I want it to look -- in all my user's environments. Which, again, is good for my users and for me. Losing that confidence is what worries me, here.

Like you said, maybe 146 will still be a muted violet —— just not exactly the same -- but I'm not sure about this and I think that, at the minimum, this "feature" should be put behind a checkbox/flag.

wredcoll 7 hours ago|||
I feel like any term that had this feature would also fully support truecolor, which suggests a way forward.
kristopolous 10 hours ago||
My streaming markdown renderer does something like that https://github.com/day50-dev/Streamdown

You define a baseline color in HSV and then everything else is a multiplier of that

For example

[style]

HSV = [0.7, 0.5, 0.5]

Dark = { H = 1.0, S = 1.2, V = 0.25 } # Make dark elements less saturated and darker

Symbol = { H = 1.0, S = 1.8, V = 1.8 } # Make symbols more vibrant

As a result you can simply move around the HSV to your preference in the config and things don't look like garbage where you have to hand tweak every color to get something legible.

For example, this simple loop https://github.com/day50-dev/Streamdown?tab=readme-ov-file#c...

It's effectively a swatch

tasuki 11 hours ago||
I had exactly this thought!

Though, I have a problem with even just the basic 16 colours:

black red green yellow blue magenta cyan white bright black bright red bright green bright yellow bright blue bright magenta bright cyan bright white

~~~

Many themes take `black` to mean `black` and `white` to mean `white`. How is it supposed to work when one switches the theme between the dark and the light version?

What are `black`, `white`, `bright black`, and `bright white` supposed mean?

I take those as meaning (in order): `almost invisible on current terminal background`, `pretty contrasty`, `visible but not contrasty`, and `the contrastiest`.

I wish the colour names reflected that, instead of `black` and `white`: you usually care about the contrast, not about the precise colour.

Ferret7446 11 hours ago||
The way it's supposed to work is you don't touch the terminal colors but instead configure the program to use different colors. So you don't invert black for a dark theme, instead the program uses white instead of black.

By the way, the terminal foreground and background colors are independent of the standard 16 colors, which complicates things.

tasuki 2 hours ago||
> The way it's supposed to work is you don't touch the terminal colors but instead configure the program to use different colors.

That makes sense, but... seems infeasible in practice? "The program"? I tell you what program I need to configure: all of them! Ideally even the programs I'm not even using yet.

I think I'll continue doing it my wrong way then: redefining the meanings to mean less/more contrasty. That allows me to effortlessly switch the terminal between light[0] and dark[1] backgrounds. I've done worse things: I also hijacked a part of the 256-colors-cube for my own purposes...

[0]: https://github.com/tasuki/dotrc/blob/master/.config/kitty/so...

[1]: https://github.com/tasuki/dotrc/blob/master/.config/kitty/so...

skydhash 10 hours ago||
Unless you provide a way to configure the colors, it’s better to simply rely on bold, reverse, and standout. If you using the 16p, don’t use black and white unless you know ehat the background is, and use the others sparingly and semantically (no rainbow soup). If you’re going for 256p, it should be in a theme engine that’s user configurable.
jimrandomh 16 hours ago||
Yeah, when you point it out, this makes complete sense and every terminal should probably add this feature. I think I would generalize this to 24-bit color as well; 16 colors isn't enough to identify a unique tonemap, but if you fiddle with the parameters a bit I think it shouldn't be too hard to come up with something hacky that works.

Although, this should probably be optional (both as an option for terminals to have in their own settings, and via an escape sequence that opts out), because some users will have configured some programs with a color scheme that they don't want transformed. For example, if your terminal uses the Solarized color scheme, and your text editor _also_ uses the Solarized color scheme, then this could lead to double-applying a color transform and getting something odd.

Sardtok 15 hours ago|
Interesting. You could build a LUT from the 16 color palette to map the 24 bit color space to something 24 bits or less. A bit like mapping 10 bit HDR to 24 bit sRGB.

Perhaps instead of the application overriding the setting, it could be done with an environment var, so the user can easily override it if the mapping messes with the look/usability of the program.

k3vinw 15 hours ago||
It’s a messy situation for sure and what lead me to discover tinted theming: https://github.com/tinted-theming/base24/

It’s been a fairly decent stop gap measure. I use tinted shell to switch between color schemes.

rbanffy 2 hours ago||
I’m concerned not everyone have their base colors set sensibly - as in “there’s no guarantee the base garish RGB green is green on this machine”. Maybe the right thing would be to put the color closest to a base color on the corresponding corner of the RGB cube, but that’s also not ideal - I have had terminal palettes that were all green or all orange/red, or the green/yellow of EL displays.

Maybe applying the saturation of the base set across all the generated palette would also work.

epage 11 hours ago||
Really interested in this for cargo/rustc. We run into issues where we need one or two more colors but all that is left after going for the basic semantic colors is magenta (odd choice), and black and white (not safe without inspecting the theme).
skydhash 9 hours ago|
Other than red and green, for semantic reasons, a CLI tools shouldn’t bother with colors. And it should support text markers instead of colors for the occasional piping.
estebank 6 hours ago||
That's what cargo/rustc do: all of the information is conveyed through text, but colors are used to make it easier to scan. It ends up using almost every usable base-16 color: red for the error marker and their primary spans, yellow for warnings and their primary spans, blue for secondary spans, the gutter separator and line numbers, bold text for the main message, cyan for notes and their primary spans, green for helps and their primary spans, green and red for structured suggestions, bright magenta for very specific hand-picked highlights (used to be bold/bright white, but that wasn't obvious enough in lots of terminals, used semantically equivalent to bold or italics in text, the case most people will encounter these in is in E0308 type errors where a specific type parameter didn't match) and white for anything else. Note that of the mentioned output the only thing that is differentiated in color only is the message highlights, and that's because it is generally done for either extra clarification ("Trait is not implemented for Foo, but it is implemented for Bar") or within code that we wouldn't want to pollute with additional non-code ASCII markers (people should be able to copy&paste those types without causing parse errors). Some people deride this variety as being too "christmas tree", but IMO it works quite well for scanning output. Color helps a lot when scanning longer lists and dense output. Colors might not help much if the tool is emitting a single line of output for each event, but rustc emits dozens of lines per error. And no, reducing the amount of output would not be the answer for rustc, you can already use `--message-format=short` if you want that, or try/contribute to one of the TUI projects consuming the json output for dynamic navigation of the output (to expand and contract sections). rustc and cargo default configuration have to cater to the most common case, while also keeping the number of non-essential features (like a built-in TUI) to a minimum.
xvilka 10 hours ago||
Just use direct color mode (24bit, "true color")[1] and there will be no need for a palette.

> Fewer terminals support truecolor.

From what I know all modern terminal emulators in all operating systems support it now.

[1] https://github.com/termstandard/colors

grimgrin 10 hours ago||
they explicitly had an opinion about true color, right in the article we’re discussing
eqvinox 6 hours ago|||
> From what I know all modern terminal emulators in all operating systems support it now.

urxvt prominently doesn't (fully)

kristopolous 10 hours ago|||
Doesn't work. You don't have full control over every color all the time and you're going to make assumptions. That's kinda the point.
globular-toast 10 hours ago|||
The entire point is to not use true colour but rather a user-configurable theme, but with 256 colours.
yourapostasy 9 hours ago||
We're probably close enough to a future with the technology and engineering able to implement it, to justify designing 48-bit perceptual bit depth standards. Optimistically presuming breakthroughs enabling in vivo biological upgrades to our eyes to match those of mantis shrip, we could design 160-bit standards knowing that is a "proven" biological technology capability. That gets within the same galactic supercluster of the known limits of physics limits.

At the currently known limits of physics where Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, Abbe's Limit, Quantum Shot Noise and such become our sensing barriers, we suspect we need only about 6000 bits per pixel to represent a digital twin of the electromagnetic field of the sensor-covered volume of space. At 60 fps, that is 1.8 Zettabits per second. Scale out data volume accordingly when using using 18.5 sexdecillion fps (Planck time fps).

What surprises me is these "limits of the fabric of reality as we know it" mind experiments fairly concretely point the way on the many roads towards Kardashev Scale implementations, and is not that different from Archimedes' "Sand Reckoner" and Hindu cosmological Kalpa time scales. History doesn't quite repeat, but rhymes yet again.

kccqzy 1 hour ago||
The word “should” is way too strong. It’s ultimately just a personal preference. For me I would prefer a two-tier approach.

There are different programs inside the terminal that I would prefer to have different color treatment. A full-fledged editor like emacs should have full 24-bit color support because I have already configured it to have my preferred color schemes and I prefer to switch themes inside emacs. On the other hand, almost all other TUI programs should not be permitted to use more than the traditional 16 colors. I haven’t configured them myself so I don’t trust them to make good choices.

In other words different terminal capabilities for different programs.

igneo676 10 hours ago|
Oddly enough, I'm colorblind and I have had the worst time with color schemes. Many are completely unreadable and lack sufficient contrast. Others I just don't like

So, I've started using AI models to generate color schemes for me.

Take an unreadable theme I like and generate one that is high contrast and still coherent. It's probably not good enough for a full spectrum vision person to use but wow has it improved my quality of life.

It wouldn't surprise me if this is exactly the type of problem that is solved in the same way for the rest of you

thayne 5 hours ago|
> Many are completely unreadable and lack sufficient contrast.

I am not colorblind, and have the same experience. It's made worse by the fact that different apps use colors differently, so if I find a theme that works well for some clis and tuis, there will be others that will have unreadably low contrast with the default theme. So I have to tweak the colorscheme for each application as well.

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