Are we really at the point where some people see XML as a spooky old technology? The phrasing dotted around this article makes me feel that way. I find this quite strange.

The article even references English's built-in delimiter, the quotation mark, which is reprented as a token for Claude, part of its training data.

So are we sure the lesson isn't simply to leverage delimiters, such as quotation marks, in prompts, period? The article doesn't identify any way in which XML is superior to quotation marks in scenarios requiring the type of disambiguation quotation marks provide.

Rather, the example XML tags shown seem to be serving as a shorthand for notating sections of the prompt ("treat this part of the prompt in this particular way"). That's useful, but seems to be addressing concerns that are separate from those contemplated by the author.

One thing I've found: even with XML tags, you still need to validate and parse defensively. Models will occasionally nest tags wrong, omit closing tags, or hallucinate new tag names. Having a fallback parser that extracts content even from malformed XML has saved me more than once.

The real win is that XML tags give you a natural way to do few-shot prompting with structure. You can show the model exactly what shape the output should take, and it follows remarkably well.

And then do we end up over indexing on Claude and maybe this ends up hurting other models for those using multiple tools.

I just dislike how much of AI is people saying "do this thing for better results" with no definitive proof but alas it comes with the non determinism.

At least this one has the stamp of approval by Claude codes team itself.

Ex: <message>...</message> helps keep track. Even better? <message78>...</message78>. That's ugly xml, but great for LLMs. Likewise, using standard ontologies for identifiers (ex: we'll do OCSF, AT&CK, & CIM for splunk/kusto in louie.ai), even if they're not formally XML.

For all these things... these intuitions need backing by evals in practice, and part of why I begrudgingly flipped from JSON to XML

To me it seems like handling symbols that start and end sequences that could contain further start and end symbols is a difficult case.

Humans can't do this very well either, we use visual aids such as indentation, synax hilighting or resort to just plain counting of levels.

Obviously it's easy to throw parameters and training at the problem, you can easily synthetically generate all the XML training data you want.

I can't help but think that training data should have a metadata token per content token. A way to encode the known information about each token that is not represented in the literal text.

Especially tagging tokens explicitly as fiction, code, code from a known working project, something generated by itself, something provided by the user.

While it might be fighting the bitter lesson, I think for explicitly structured data there should be benefits. I'd even go as far to suggest the metadata could handle nesting if it contained dimensions that performed rope operations to keep track of the depth.

If you had such a metadata stream per token there's also the possibility of fine tuning instruction models to only follow instructions with a 'said by user' metadata, and then at inference time filter out that particular metadata signal from all other inputs.

It seems like that would make prompt injection much harder.

https://i.imgur.com/HGa0i3m.png

E.g. instead of

    <examples>
      <ex1>
        <input>....</input>
        <output>.....</output>
      </ex1>
      <ex2>....</ex2>
      ...
    </examples>
    <instructions>....</instructions>
    <input>{actual input}</input>

    ...instructions...
    input: ....
    output: {..json here}
    ...maybe further instructions...
    input: {actual input}

N of 1 anecdote anyway for one use case.