Top
Best
New

Posted by dryadin 3 hours ago

US Court of Appeals: TOS may be updated by email, use can imply consent [pdf](cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov)
166 points | 78 comments
danlitt 59 minutes ago|
The entire notion of being allowed to enforce arbitrary terms of service is absurd. There are probably a handful of terms everyone agrees are reasonable (no attempted hacking, rate limits, do not break laws) and everything else should be unenforceable. Especially garbage like what you're allowed to do with the stuff you get from the service even while not using the service, or about setting up competing products. It's like McDonald's selling you a burger and telling you how to eat it.
silvestrov 13 minutes ago||
> It's like McDonald's selling you a burger and telling you how to eat it.

and you are not allowed to criticize it or write about the size of it or how much meat there is in it or how filling it is to eat the burger.

and you are definitely not allowed to compare it to burgers from other companies.

sysguest 6 minutes ago||
and you're not allowed to open a restaurant (same food industry == competition) if you have even took one bite of the burger
netcan 23 minutes ago|||
>It's like McDonald's selling you a burger and telling you how to eat it.

And the way the resteraunt this right is by covering their walls with TOS text like an Egyptian tomb.

stinkbeetle 46 seconds ago|||
> The entire notion of being allowed to enforce arbitrary terms of service is absurd. There are probably a handful of terms everyone agrees are reasonable (no attempted hacking, rate limits, do not break laws) and everything else should be unenforceable.

Why? Why should a government prohibit private parties from agreeing to anything other than those 3 things?

> Especially garbage like what you're allowed to do with the stuff you get from the service even while not using the service, or about setting up competing products. It's like McDonald's selling you a burger and telling you how to eat it.

It is vaguely like that, but but I'm not sure the analogy facilitates understanding of this subject. McDonalds shouldn't tell you how you can eat your burger, therefore... companies must not enforce any terms on their services aside from those things. Why?

jahnu 57 minutes ago||
Not to mention the unreasonable length and complexity of these things. I’ve seen shorter contracts for mergers and acquisitions.
RicoElectrico 46 minutes ago||
The pro tip is pasting such long ToS into NotebookLM and asking it to list e.g. top 5 surprising clauses (if you ask just about surprising clauses it treats you like an idiot and lists everything)
scotty79 24 minutes ago||
> lists everything

To be fair existence of TOS is suspiring.

bradley13 2 hours ago||
IMHO the problem is allowing changes to terms and conditions for existing contracts. If I have a contract with a company, that contract was made under existing T&C. The company should not be able to change those conditions without my explicit permission. Denying me service if I disagree should not be a valid option.

I get this periodically on our overly-computerized car: Here are new T&C, click yes to agree. You can make the screen go away temporarily, but there is no options to say "no, I disagree".

impossiblefork 53 minutes ago||
Here in Sweden the thing that makes something a contract is that you can't change it-- that it has definite provisions that have been agreed and that both parties actually expect the other to hold up their part.

The US breaking its contract law to treat non-contracts as contracts is one of the most insane things I've seen a legal system do to itself.

Quarrel 22 minutes ago|||
I do not think this is true for Sweden.

The key difference, is that the US is many jurisdictions (Federal + 50 states + a lot of others, from counties to cities to territories to MANY others), and the variance amongst those is high.

The key thing well regulated places like Sweden get right, is that in consumer contracts you have minimum bars that you must meet regardless of what you can get the consumer to agree to. So, for instance, return policies, for goods bought online have minimum standards they must meet.

In the US, these things have huge variability. There are well regulated states, and well, the others.

impossiblefork 17 minutes ago||
>The key thing well regulated places like Sweden get right, is that in consumer contracts you have minimum bars that you must meet regardless of what you can get the consumer to agree to. So, for instance, return policies, for goods bought online have minimum standards they must meet.

Yes, but Swedish contract law actually is like this. A contract is a specific agreement, it can never be "Oh well, you can add provisions as you like if you send them to me" or "I will pay whatever".

victorbjorklund 30 minutes ago||||
This is not true. It is 100% possible to write a contract in Sweden where one of the paragraphs says that you can change it in this and that way. And if we're talking about business to business contracts, it will probably in almost all cases be enforceable, even if you're writing that one party can just announce changes. In fact, I think most business to business contracts have some kind of clause specifying that it is possible to raise prices or change certain things.
impossiblefork 21 minutes ago||
That absolutely isn't true. You can enter into agreements about how to form a contract, but a contract is definite, completely specific, with no changing provisions. That's what makes it a contract.

If you have an agreement that says one party can announce changes, you don't have a contract, because those changes were not agreed to.

lesuorac 36 minutes ago|||
Presumable in Sweeden you can agree to new contract that supercedes the current one? That's all that's (argueable) happening here.

To me the insane part is that contracts don't have to be registered with the courts (or some qualified third party) ahead of time.

Like each party could show up with their own piece of paper (or not be able to provide it). Which is largely the issue here in that one party is showing up with a 2021 document and the other a 2023 document.

impossiblefork 20 minutes ago||
>Presumable in Sweeden you can agree to new contract that supercedes the current one? That's all that's (argueable) happening here.

Yes, of course.

We don't have any rules about contracts needing to be written down or registered or anything of that sort. Even verbal agreement are valid, and you are entering into simple contracts even when you buy something in a store.

carefree-bob 12 minutes ago|||
The other side of this is that companies do want to change their T&C from time to time, so what do they do, force you to quit and then sign up again? That adds a lot of friction. Or do they tag things and say "Customer X signed up on this date, so he is bound by T&C number 12, whereas this other customer signed up a year later and is bound by T&C number 13". That seems unwieldy since there is a common infrastructure.

I get emails from time to time that "Policy X has changed and will take a effect in X weeks" so at least I'm given advance notice, and am basically OK with that approach as long as the changes are spelled out clearly and not hidden in hundreds of pages of legalese. Maybe an LLM would help here, and translate what the new changes in terms really means so I can decide whether to continue with the service or not. In general I'm OK as long as I'm given enough notice and it's clear what is happening.

The same thing happens with pricing. What does a company do when they want to increase rates, or change their products? They send out a notification that starting on a certain date, the prices will go up. I don't think anyone objects to that. How is a T&C change different?

user3939382 4 minutes ago|||
My Apple TV started doing this. New Terms, agree or “not now”. Ok how about never?
close04 2 hours ago|||
But the “initial” T&C allows them to cancel your contract unless there’s a minimum contractual period. They can take that opportunity to force you into a deal change. The change is that now just using the service is considered consent.

The real problem is that the law allows this power imbalance and doesn’t tip the scales to even it out for the end user. That for me is evidence that the law is made for the companies (probably by the companies too).

I have the same in the car. Been postponing for 2 years now.

I wonder if this can be weaponized by users too (probably no legal basis for this), just send them a new T&C again and again and say delivering the service is consent. Force the companies to say the quiet part out loud: users are not allowed to have the same liberties as the company.

Frieren 1 hour ago|||
> That for me is evidence that the law is made for the companies (probably by the companies too).

Yes, everything is becoming more and more convenient for big corporations while individual citizens need to navigate an ever increasingly complex world. Laws are designed to protect capital not individual citizens nor society. That never ends well.

Barbing 2 hours ago|||
>just send them a new T&C every day and say delivering the service is consent.

That’s domestic terrorism (charges)

handoflixue 2 hours ago||
If you decline the new contract, you're entirely welcome to continue on the old T&C.

Worth noting, the old T&C you agreed to probably include a clause where either party can unilaterally terminate the agreement for any reason, which they can then invoke.

Also worth noting, the old T&C you agreed to probably included a clause about these sorts of updates, too.

So, right there, you've already explicitly agreed to a contract that can be terminated if you don't accept updates.

> The company should not be able to change those conditions without my explicit permission.

The legal argument is that (a) you were explicitly notified of these changes, (b) your rights to use the service under the previous contract have been revoked, and (c) you're continuing to use the service.

So, either you're stealing their service, or you did in fact explicitly agree to the new contract - "“Parties traditionally manifest assent by written or spoken word, but they can also do so through conduct.” Berman, 30 F.4th at 855."

qnleigh 2 hours ago|||
> If you decline the new contract, you're entirely welcome to continue on the old T&C.

I think the point of contention here is that in practice, there is no way to continue on the old terms of service/contract. Suppose you're using a note taking app, and one day they update their terms of service to say that they can use your notes to train their AI. "Continued use implies consent," so you are locked into the new terms of service unless you stop using the app right then and there. You are not afforded the opportunity to decline the new terms of service and continue on the old ones.

shakna 2 hours ago||||
Clauses existing, have very little to do with it being enforceable.

Vader might say he can change the deal at any point, but consumer law generally requires that what is purchased reflects what is advertised.

If you don't agree to a new set of terms, because the service is changed from what you purchased, then both parties generally should still be party to the previous.

Notification alone, is not enough. Agreement is required.

jmward01 2 hours ago||
Hm. It seems that use actually goes two ways. They continue to use my information even when I leave their platform. Does this mean I can email info@google.com updated TOS, since I am a party to it I guess, and if they keep selling my info they accept it?
internet_points 1 hour ago||
No, because of the legal principle of habeas pecuniam (you can't afford as many lawyers as Google)
kubb 2 hours ago||
No, you don’t have the means obtain a similar ruling from the court.
exmadscientist 3 hours ago||
For those not familiar with US appeals courts, this is an unpublished order, which means that it's (broadly speaking; there are subtleties) not precedent and applies to this case alone.
lesuorac 34 minutes ago|
Isn't the fact that it applies to _any_ case precedent?

Like if you're a lawyer and you read this do you go "My client will never win a case like this?" or do you go "we should go to trial"?

Sure you won't get summary judgement but if the courts rule this way once they can rule this way again.

p0w3n3d 3 hours ago||

  The TOS are changing from 1st of June as below: 
  - are your belongings are now ours 
  - please move out of your->our house
  - you cannot use the service anymore
whatever1 3 hours ago|
Thanks, outlook moved it to spam. Will auto delete it in 30 days.
shevy-java 1 minute ago||
How do they ensure that the email reaches the destination though?

I have had emails never delivered to me, not due to my own fault but the service provider filtering it away before I could do anything. It is also dangerous to assume "use implies consent". I am sure there are other ways to ensure terms of use to be changed; if it is a web-application then one could only resume using it if the services were accepted before.

BlackFly 2 hours ago||
My personal preference is for laws that promote reasonable limits on "Standard terms and conditions" and then recognizing that nobody reads them and making them applicable regardless of whether people read them or not. Then companies can stop pretending like people are reading the standard terms and unfair terms are just unenforceable. This does require that your civil law defines what unfair terms look like (generally that they are too one sided in favor of the contractor or are surprising given the service provided).

Obviously, this doesn't exist in the USA but does exist in (for example) the Netherlands. I would recommend lobbying in your country for such laws since in practice the vast majority of contracts like these that people face aren't actually negotiated nor negotiable.

treetalker 3 hours ago||
Here is a critique of this case which I came across the other day, and may be of interest to you: https://blog.ericgoldman.org/archives/2026/03/ninth-circuit-...
a3w 1 hour ago||
I read ninth circle of hell, but this is clearly about ninth circuit. of hell or elsewhere, I dare not say.
dryadin 3 hours ago||
Good analysis. Addresses some of the questions here.
krickelkrackel 14 minutes ago||
Even if it makes things overly complicated sometimes, I like the EU style that forces companies to make people actively confirm their consent, and puts the 'inform' part of 'informed consent' into the company's responsibility.
netcan 26 minutes ago|
I remember various judges writing ope-eds about being presented a 40 page TOS for updates. Southpark also did an episode.

TOS simultaneously became extremly important, commanding CEO attention and became completely ritulized.

I'm surprised that the legal profession has tolerated this is escalation of dysfunction.

More comments...