* https://dysonfarming.com/strawberries/
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FA6BCIWPJ30
The rationale there is a combo of profit (from off season strawberries) and mark-up possible from unique branding (Dyson) and social fuzzies (eco-friendly, etc (regardless of cold economics)).
Potatoes especially don't like to be submerged. But otherwise they are not that hard to grow. A simple grow bag will do. That's true for a lot of root vegetables and tubers. For vegetables like that, greenhouses are more common.
With rice and grains, they grow well enough in hydroponics but you just need an enormous amount of area to get to interesting amounts. Also the growing season for that is quite long. Hydroponics favor things that you can harvest in weeks rather than say 2-3 times per year.
I'm more intrigued by duckweed, which grows very fast and is a common food in some countries.
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf203275m
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S194439862...
So the alternative is to grow lettuce that has a greater price to energy ratio.
Other nutrients like phosphorus or potassium come disolved in water, but in intensive farming they must be added to the soil, so it's the same that dissolving in the hydroponic solution. Perhaps it's more efficient in hydroponic than in soil.
Nitrogen is more tricky. There is plenty of Nitrogen in the air but not in a useful form, so in most cases it must be added as fertilizer. In some cases like soy the plants have helper bacteria that transform the nitrogen from the air into useful forms. This conversion takes a lot of energy, so I don't expect the lack of wind to be a problem, you still need some air movement to keep the CO2 high and the O2 low. (Anyway, farming soy under artificial light is probably not profitable for the same reason farming potatoes under artificial light is not profitable.)
The most important thing you lack inside a vertical farm that you get almost for free in a big faring field is sunlight (i.e. energy).
Bioflavonoids are important.
I do that manually with my plants twice a week, they have flowers almost all year, but it's a chore to bring them out, flood them, make them drain and bring them back home.
Also my wife always yells at me because I always wet the floor in the process.
I'll water my indoor tomatoes, basil and thyme. It is way more productive than blabbering about gardening in the internet.