RAG is Dead! Long Live Agentic RAG! || Long Live putting stuff in databases where it damn well belongs!

I think you agree with the people saying RAG is Dead, or at least you agree with me and I say RAG is Dead, when you say "Simply using docling and transforming PDFs to markdown and have a vector database doing the rest is ridiculous."

I fully agree, but that was the promise of RAG, chunk your documents into little bits and find the bit that is closet to the users query and add it to the context, maybe leave a little overlap on the chunks, is how RAG was initially presented, and how many vendors implement RAG, looking at tools like Amazon Bedrock Knowledge Bases here.

When I want to know the latest <important financial number>, I want that pulled that from the source of truth for that data, not hopefully get the latest and not last years number from some document chunk.

So, when people, or at least when I say RAG is Dead, it's short hand for: this is really damn complex, and vector search doesn't replace decades of information theory, storage and retrieval patterns.

Hell, I've worked with teams trying to extract everything from databases to push it into vector stores so the LLM can use the data. First, it often failed as they had chunks with multiple rows of data, and the LLM got confused as to which row actually mattered, they hadn't realized that the full chunk would be returned and not just the row they were interested in. Second, the use cases being worked on by these teams were usually well defined, that is, the required data could be deterministically defined before going to the LLM and pulled from a database using a simple script, no similarity required, but that's not the cool way to do it.

That hasn't changed nor I think it will, even with the models having very large context windows (eg Gemini has 2M). It is observed that having a large context alone is not enough and that it is better to give the model sufficiently enough and quality information rather than filling it with virtually everything. Latter is also impossible and does not scale well with long and complicated tasks where reaching the context limit is inevitable. In that case you need to have the RAG which will be smart enough to extract the sufficient information from previous answers/context, and make it part of the new context, which in turn will make it possible for the model to keep its performance at satisfactory level.

For example there's evidence that typical use of AGENTS.md actually doesn't improve outcomes but just slows the LLMs down and confuses them.

In my personal testing and exploration I found that small (local) LLMs perform drastically better, both in accuracy and speed, with heavily pruned and focused context.

Just because you can fill in more context, doesn't mean that you should.

The worry I have is that common usage will lead to LLMs being trained and fined tuned in order to accommodate ways of using them that doesn't make a lot of sense (stuffing context, wasting tokens etc.), just because that's how most people use them.

When any given document can fit into context, and when we can generate highly mission-specific summarization and retrieval engines (for which large amounts of production data can be held in context as they are being implemented)... is the way we index and retrieve still going to be based on naive chunking, and off-the-shelf embedding models?

For instance, a system that reads every article and continuously updates a list of potential keywords with each document and the code assumptions that led to those documents being generated, then re-runs and tags each article with those keywords and weights, and does the same to explode a query into relevant keywords with weights... this is still RAG, but arguably a version where dimensionality is closer tied to your data.

(Such a system, for instance, might directly intuit the difference in vector space between "pet-friendly" and "pets considered," or between legal procedures that are treated differently in different jurisdictions. Naive RAG can throw dimensions at this, and your large-context post-processing may just be able to read all the candidates for relevance... but is this optimal?)

I'm very curious whether benchmarks have been done on this kind of approach.

I don't need a coding model to be able to give me an analysis of the declaration of independence in urdu from 'memory' and the price in ram for being able to do that, impressive as it is, is an inefficiency.

At some point, this is a distributed system of agents.

Once you go from 1 to 3 agents (1 router and two memory agents), it slowly ends up becoming a performance and cost decision rather than a recall problem.

Not really, though. Not in practice at least, e.g. code writing.

Paste a 200 line React component into your favorite LLM, ask it to fix/add/change something and it will do it perfectly.

Paste a 2000 line one though, and it starts omitting, starts making mistakes, assumptions, re-writing what it already has, and so-on.

So what's going on? It's supposed to be able to hold 1000s of lines in context, but in practice it's only like 200.

What happens is the accuracy and agency drops significantly as you need to pan larger and larger context windows.

And it's not that it's most accurate when the window is smallest either - but there is a sweet spot.

Outside that sweet spot, you will get "unacceptable responses" - slop you can't use.

That's what happens when you paste the 2000 line React component for example. You get a response you can't quite use. Yet the 200 line one is typically perfect.

What would make the 2000 line one usually perfect every time?

We need a way to increase that "accurate window size" lets call it "working memory", so that we can generate more code, more writing, more pixels at acceptable levels of quality. You'd also have enough language space for agents to operate and collaborate sans the amnesia they have today.

RAG is basically the interim workaround for all this. Because you can put everything in a vector DB and search/find what you need in the context when you need it.

So, RAG is a great solution for today's problems: Say you have a bunch of Python code files written in a certain style and the main use case of your LLM is writing Python code in specified ways, with this setup you can probably deliver "better Python code" than your competitor because of RAG - because you have this deterministic supplement to your LLMs outputs to basically do research and augment the output in predetermined ways every time it responds to a prompt.

But eventually, if I don't have to upload "The Lord of the Rings" documents, and vector search to find different areas in order to generate responses, if I can just paste the entire txt into the input, it can generate the answer considering "all of it" not just that little area, it would presumably be a better quality response.

1. Don't believe the pundits of RAG. They never implemented one.

I did many times, and boy, are they hard and have so many options that decide between utterly crappy results or fantastic scores on the accuracy scale with a perfect 100% scoring on facts.

In short: RAG is how you fill the context window. But then what?

2. How does a superlarge context window solve your problem? Context windows ain't the problem, accurate matching requirements is. What do your inquiry expect to solve? Greatest context window ever, but what then? No prompt engineering is coming to save you if you don't know what you want.

RAG is in very simple terms simply a search engine. Context window was never the problem. Never. Filling the context window, finding the relevant information is one problem, but also only part of the solution.

What if your inquiry needs a combination of multiple sources to make sense? There is no 1:1 matching of information, never.

"How many cars from 1980 to 1985 and 1990 to 1997 had between 100 and 180PS without Diesel in the color blue that were approved for USA and Germany from Mercedes but only the E unit?"

Have fun, this is a simple request.

I suspect the people saying that have not been transparent with their incentives.

there are a few other local apps with simple knowledge base type things you can use with pdfs. cherry studio is nice, no reranking though.