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Posted by JumpCrisscross 6 hours ago

Helium Is Hard to Replace(www.construction-physics.com)
169 points | 106 commentspage 2
scythe 2 hours ago|
>The vast majority of MRI machines used today use superconducting magnets made from niobium-titanium (NbTi), which becomes superconducting at 9.2 degrees above absolute zero. This is well below the boiling point of any other coolant, making liquid helium the only practical option for cooling the magnets.

Well, this is part of it. The other issue is that the superconducting phase diagram has two limits: the transition temperature Tc and the upper critical magnetic field Hc. The magnetic field limit is generally highest at absolute zero and drops steeply with temperature. Even for the superconductors with Tc as high as 120 K the Hc at 20 K will be much less than the Hc at 4 K. So in order to make powerful superconducting magnets you need helium regardless of what superconductor you use, since nothing has broken this pattern.

Invictus0 5 hours ago||
Fun fact, helium was discovered on the Sun nearly 30 years before it was found on earth.
CamperBob2 5 hours ago|
Hence the origin of the name!
KalandaDev 5 hours ago||
For a second I thought this was about Helium browser :(
jmyeet 5 hours ago||
The US used to have a massive Strategic Helium Reserve [1]. Starting in the 1990s, Congress passed a law to sell down the reserve. This flooded the market with cheap Helium (yay, party balloons?) because the mandated pricing just didn't make any sense.

10-20 years ago there was a lot of talk about how this was foolish because it was depleting and squandering an unrenewable resource. But the thinking has shifted on that because it's an inevitable byproduct of natural gas production.

Now natural gas itself is limited but you can still get Helium from alpha decay of radioactive elements. Some elements are particularly strong alpha emitters (eg Polonium-210, Radium-223). They're basiclaly producing Helium constantly.

Helium is a known issue in various industries. The article notes (correctly) that MRI Helium use is decreasing because of the rise of so-called "Helium free" or "Helium light" MRI technology.

But there are short term supply issues. As noted, Qatar produces ~30% of the world's Helium currently. And that can (and has) been disrupted by recent events.

Lithography is a particularly important consumer of Helium for superconducting magnets. That demand is rising with probably no end in sight. Lithography itself is on the cutting edge of technology and engineering so seems harder to replace. I mean, EUV lithography is basically magic.

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Helium_Reserve

nradov 5 hours ago||
Shutting down the National Helium Reserve seemed like a good idea at the time. It was originally established when airships were considered essential for national security, largely for maritime patrol. But blimps and dirigibles fell out of favor for most military missions and there wasn't much demand for other uses, so it was politically hard to justify wasting tax dollars to maintain a reserve.
phil21 40 minutes ago|||
Ironically exactly now - while we are at or close to peak natural gas extraction - would be the best time to fill up strategic helium reserves worldwide. If every natural gas well was required to capture and store helium for future use we could extend that runway by multiple generations.

But instead of our grandparents and great grandparents general idea of investing in the future of their societies, we’ve decided to stop doing that and add up all the debt possible to pass down to future generations.

It is quite depressing to think about.

cubefox 5 hours ago||
The article briefly touches on insufficient recycling. Though it's not clear for which applications helium recycling is technically/economically feasible and for which it isn't.
nisegami 5 hours ago||
I recently began wondering if a planet's helium supply could be the 'great filter'. As in, if a civilization could stall out due to not having access to enough helium to product the technology to access off-world helium.
jandrese 3 hours ago||
This presupposes that there are no alternatives to helium for off world exploration. Would be interesting if warp drives were real but required vast amounts of helium to operate with no substitutions possible.
actionfromafar 5 hours ago||
That sounds more like a tiny filter. :)
expedition32 3 hours ago||
The US has made itself reliant on a global market economy that they also constantly disrupt with idiotic mistakes.

But for some reason for Americans peace is never the preferred option.

phplovesong 5 hours ago||
[flagged]
nickff 5 hours ago|
Your post is frustrating to read because of the incorrect spelling and grammar; these errors make it hard to take you seriously.

>""The war in Iran" should be called for what it is:

>"Its "trumps war", nothing else. Hes the solely to blaim. Israel would never had started it on their own.

>"The kicker? MAGA voted for "the no wars president", and so far hes started FIVE."

Could be:

"The war in Iran" should be called what it is:

It's 'Trump's War', and nothing else. He's solely to blame. Israel would not have started it on their own.

The kicker is that MAGA voted for the 'no-war' president, and so far, he's started five.

Note that in addition to spelling and grammar, I switched "FIVE" to lower-case italics (which are reverted to regular because the block is italicized), as capitalizing for emphasis is against the HN guidelines.

cineticdaffodil 4 hours ago|
So how hard would it be for elon to build a gas raffinery sattelite that captures helium while skimming the top layer of the atmosphere, dropping filled canisters by parachute?
ASalazarMX 2 hours ago||
The biggest obstacle is that planetary extraction has to become too expensive, so space extraction becomes viable. If that were the case, it would probably be safer to mine the Moon, to avoid further messing of the atmosphere with refineries or even more frequent space flights.
bigyabai 4 hours ago|||
You'd need investors willing to pay $50,000\kg of helium, for one.
DonHopkins 4 hours ago||
[flagged]