On iOS, equal channel with correct ESS will switch liberally. On Android 14+ with Broadcom chip it will start conservative, then switch liberally after the first poor signal switch-over event, up until disconnection.
Android (Pixel/Moto) will never switch (even with K/V) on large network activity, only VoIP/video call. It depends on vendor implementation. [0] I use "dp.logcatapp" log reader while roaming, "com.android.location.fused" can be used to show score and current load.
Samsung is known to push protocol support early: 802.11r in 2013, 802.11w 2015, some models do not use Android's default connectivity manager.
To add, WPA3 with 802.11r is known to have issues on Apple hardware before 2021 on all iOS versions, many Android devices, especially smart TVs don't support it, will not connect or are unreliable (protected beacon frame), can be searched in buried report results at OpenWrt forum mega threads and Ubiquity. WPA2+FT and forced MFP with a long password is a safe alternative. 802.11r use PMK push on WPA3 compared to WPA2, which was known to be problematic on older hardware.
802.11K/V is more suitable for campus and load balancing, tuning it based on RSSI and station metrics is very difficult, enterprise hardware rely on network traffic and air time.
[0] https://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/wifi-network-se...
Not sure if roaming is actually the fix for this problem. For whatever reason my Ring cameras just love connecting to the worst and most far away AP in my house.
I had to solve a similar issue for some crap IoT lights that would join the incorrect AP after a power cut every time.
> https://community.ui.com/questions/Lock-Client-to-Specific-A...
That can mean that the portable wifi speaker-widget (which itself doesn't need much bandwidth) might go from working fine on the back deck or well-enough about anywhere else in the yard, to not working at all outside.
Which is normally a good thing to push the clients to roam to a better AP, OR you walked out of the building and want you phone to disconnect. But yes, does impact overall coverage area size.
Meanwhile: As a practical matter, shrinking coverage means "Hey, honey! I fixed the TV!" gets met with a response like "Oh, so that's why I can't listen to Audible on the veranda anymore!" :)
Obviously only if your honey is the type that enjoys being experimented upon (So long as it isn't mean, I like thoughtful attention like that, but some might not).
I need my TV to rapidly switch APs in very heavy load wide area networks with thousands of devices while I'm cruising through the venue with my motorized couch and entertainment system.
Now I want to actually build that for GPN24 next week. Wouldn't use AndroidTV for that though.
It's an interesting setup, looking forward to an update.
With 802.11r on, things would disconnect for 60+ seconds before reconnecting. It was a constant frustration of "arrrrrrrggghhhh fucking connect damnit I'm standing a meter in front of the AP can't you fucking see it fuck fuck fuck just connect, it's right THERE, connect NOW, arghhh" and then it would completely disconnect (no wifi found) and then reconnect a minute later.
With 802.11r off things just roam smoothly. I guess the people who inventned the tech didn't test it thoroughly enough.
About a decode ago when debugging networking issues in an office, we had the observation that Apple hardware holds onto access points for dear life. Everything else would roam fine, but Apple would stay connected to distant access points with awful signal as if Steve Jobs' life depended on it.
The signal has to drop below -70dbm for ios and -75 dbm for macos for the devices to consider roaming. Additionally, the difference between the two AP has to be 8db for ios and 12 db for macos.
https://support.apple.com/guide/deployment/wi-fi-roaming-sup...
IMHO, these are good defaults. Apple devices are optimizing for stability over the “best” possible signal.
What you might consider awful signal difference between the two APs might not be. (e.g. a mac device at -75dbm need to find another AP with -63dbm or better.)
I haven't had luck with the roaming extensions; when I run them, some of my devices won't connect or won't stay connected and it's a pain to monitor. I guess I could run a different SSID with roaming enhancement, but effort.
My workaround for part of that is using many SSIDs.
A. The SSID that covers both bands, in all areas
B. Two more SSIDs, one for each band -- again, used in all areas
C. Another SSID just for the AP in the garage (which also has A and B SSIDs)
It has some advantages: I like being able to set a portable device to SSID A. These things usually figure it out well-enough while moving around. When someone visits and asks for wifi access, I give them SSID A. It works; it's just not always perfectly ideal.
It also prevents fixed devices in the garage from deciding to use APs in the house; it never works well for them when that happens. (The opposite problem hasn't been observed to be an issue yet.)
And it lets me decide whether any device is able to use 2.4 or 5GHz, in the usual way of having per-band SSIDs. If my TV streamer weren't plugged in with ethernet, then I'd set it to use the 5GHz-only SSID.
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A big downside is that it's ugly. Another is that the per-device config is spread out amongst all of the devices instead of centralized, but that's not so bad: I just make the SSID decision at initial device setup and forget about it.
What are the nuts-and-bolts reasons that would make 5 perform worse?
Beacons repeat every 100msec. So you're already wasting up to 40/100 of airtime for management/misc frames
Wifi is a shared half duplex medium
Previously, I've never thought much about the airtime required for beacon transmission, nor that it increases as SSIDs are added.
Thinking about it now, I can see some ways to improve the cost of these SSIDs.
Like, increasing the minimum speed/excise old protocols (I probably don't need 1Mbps 802.11b at all in 2026 and can't think of any strictly 802.11b-only device that I've ever owned) to decrease the time that beacons use.
That seems like one obvious improvement that should be is free of other tradeoffs.
There's a few other things I can think of, but I'm not done thinking about it yet. :)
Because the 6 devices on 5Ghz: laptops and smartphones.
The rest are "smart" devices that work perfectly on 2.4Ghz.
That hasn't been my experience at all. Checking my current network status, I've got 24 devices connected to 5GHz and only two devices (my two Nest Doorbells, for whatever reason) connected to 2.4GHz that also supports 5GHz.
My N=1 vs your N=1.
Not sure if they finally got around to making the BSSID selection algorithm a bit smarter or whether all my access points just support active steering at this point, but I haven't seen this in the past couple of years.
To me at least, the gold standard for a large home is a standalone cable modem or ONT connected to an x86 PC that serves as home server and router, and as many ceiling mounted APs as necessary to ensure good WiFi coverage. No cloud, apps, or proprietary software anywhere. With such a networking backbone it is also easy to integrate self-hosted security cameras and other appropriately hacked IoT devices.
What difference does the presence of legacy devices make? Is the intent to isolate them from modern devices from a network perspective? Then create a separate SSID on both 2.4 and 5 GHz for modern devices.
I can't think of any legitimate reason for split SSIDs anymore. Linux clients used to be pretty bad at preferring 5 over 2.4 GHz if RSSIs were both excellent but 2.4 was slightly better, but I haven't seen that in years.
Which is a bit sad, but also seems like it would allow this use case perfectly (assuming this was done on purpose and not just an oversight).
Plus I still have some esp8266-based widgets that I made which only operate on 2.4GHz.
Different networks / vlans / firewall rules.
I've also moved primary mobile devices to 6ghz & putting in 10gig fiber for stationary devices.
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Any combination of 802.11r and k/v seemed to just cause my phone's connection to drop for minutes at a time when moving around the house.
I wish I could remember my exact solution for you, I believe I just turned off 802.11r and k/v, set channel selection to automatic, and undid any manual or automatic power tuning.
Running Omada on my Windows Server was painful (doesn’t really run properly as a service, software updates are a chore), but since I moved it to run on Proxmox using a super simple LXC image (I maybe got terminology wrong here) it’s been very nice.
Supposedly I should have excellent roaming between the APs, but I’m not sure how to check. Certainly, walking from one end of the house the other while on a Teams or WhatsApp call on my phone has maybe only a super minimal amount of time that I might not hear the other person (sub second for sure, if at all), but mostly I don’t notice.
* https://www.omadanetworks.com/us/business-networking/omada-r...