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Posted by tosh 3 hours ago

We should be more tired than the model(vickiboykis.com)
75 points | 73 comments
simonw 2 hours ago|
Something I've been trying recently for non-throwaway code is extensive refactoring, without typing any code myself but by closely directing the coding agent.

Prompts like "move the code relating to SQL query analysis into a new file", "look for opportunities to use pytest parametrize to remove duplication in that test", "rename method X to Y".

Early indications are that this is helping a lot with the problem where it's easy to churn out thousands of lines of code and not really have it stick in my head, even if I review every line of it.

Reviewing code and actively refactoring it is less tedious and more mentally engaging than reviewing code without changes.

If this was a human collaborator I'd be worried that I'm just creating busywork for them, but I don't care about busywork for LLMs!

The goal is to produce code that I understand and that I can remember just well enough that I get an updated mental model to help me productively make future decisions about the codebase.

thfuran 2 hours ago||
>Prompts like "move the code relating to SQL query analysis into a new file", "look for opportunities to use pytest parametrize to remove duplication in that test", "rename method X to Y".

There’s a lot of overlap there with the sorts of things traditional automated refactoring tools can do approximately instantly, locally, and for free.

ryandrake 1 hour ago|||
Yea, when I read about people using AI with prompts like that, my first thought is, "Wow, that's like copy/paste, but instead of Ctrl-C/Ctrl-V, it's round-tripping to a server and using GPUs to do it." What's next? "Claude, rename the function doFoo() to performBar()"?
simonw 1 hour ago||
Here's the loop for a successful small refactor (anything beyond a rename that could be handled entirely by an IDE):

1. Find the code you want to change

2. Run the tests to confirm that test coverage is good for the starting point

3. Track down everywhere else that might call or interact with that code

4. Update the tests (red/green TDD)

5. Alter the code

6. Update the things that call the code

7. Run the tests again

8. Apply linters/formatters

9. Address any feedback from linters

10. Check to see if any documentation needs updating and do that

11. Land a commit with a descriptive commit message

I can get all of that done with a coding agent with a single sentence prompt - especially if it's already in a session where it knows that I do "red/green TDD".

... and then I can work on something else while the agent is churning through those steps.

ryandrake 1 hour ago||
My point is that all these steps can be done very quickly by even a junior developer who knows emacs or their IDE, in a codebase with existing lint/format/test automation, without even taking their hands off the keyboard. You're already in your IDE, you can probably do it just as fast there. I don't see the cost/benefit of spending tokens and hitting a server for this kind of work.

I guess the difference may be in people's mode of AI working: Do you primarily develop in your IDE or a bunch of terminals running vim, and occasionally fire up claude to do more complex things? Or do you primarily develop in a long-lasting claude terminal, and occasionally tab over to the IDE to watch/codereview? In other words: What dev tool is on your primary monitor and what's on your secondary monitor? It's getting hard for developers in one camp to discuss coding and see eye-to-eye with developers from the other camp.

simonw 1 hour ago||
Those 11 steps would probably take me 15 minutes.

There are a lot of small refactorings that I wouldn't consider to be worth 15 minutes of my time, so I wouldn't do them.

Outsourcing those to an agent means I don't have to make that tradeoff, which means I can get better quality code.

But yes, for a lot of my work I'm now a Claude Code / Codex first developer. I run Zed so I can navigate the code and occasionally make small edits.

cautiouscat 1 hour ago||||
Yeah I do find myself leaning back into those tools. For awhile I’d just prompt to rename something. But when it’s my own tokens I’m paying for, I prefer the fast and free option :)
simonw 1 hour ago||||
Sure, and sometimes the coding agent will even use one of those refactoring tools on my behalf.

Getting them to run ast-grep is really fun, especially when it saves me from having to memorize that syntax myself.

mattacular 2 hours ago||||
What are some traditional automated refactoring tools that can do stuff like those tasks from the example?
swatcoder 1 hour ago|||
???

Mature workflows for those kinds of tasks have been mostly ubiquitous across professional-grade engineering tools like those from JetBrains or Visual Studio itself for longee than many people here have even been working in the trade.

It's clearly not the case for simonw, but much of what many people task AI tools to do foe them are only a novelty for the "VS Code"-type users who stubbornly refused to explore more professional-grade paid tools in the past.

Yet for many tasks, those mature paid tools provided reliable and efficient features that make the AI approach look like an expensive, slow, and dangerously nondeterministic regression.

simonw 1 hour ago||
Oh I'd definitely classify myself as a "'VS Code'-type users who stubbornly refused to explore more professional-grade paid tools in the past."

I've never liked the larger IDEs - VS Code only won me over because it was indistinguishable from a lighter text editor at first, and the IDE tools then emerged slowly as I used it.

foobarbecue 2 hours ago||||
VSCode "rename symbol" is a basic example. Jetbrains products have way more and it's pretty great: https://www.jetbrains.com/help/idea/refactoring-source-code....
hack1312 1 hour ago||||
Eclipse IDE since like 2001
iLoveOncall 2 hours ago|||
Literally any IDE or decent text editor?
keybored 1 hour ago|||
You just went too far. Go back to the subscription.
docheinestages 2 hours ago|||
I think the best approach is active code review as the agent does small batches. Or letting it come up with a solution, testing if it passes or fails the desired outcome, then creating a separate fresh project and asking it to rewrite in small parts, and have it explain to you what and why it's doing to achieve each part.
j_bum 2 hours ago||
Interesting idea.

It’s almost like a buffer space would be useful for code.

I’ve been using tuicr for agent code reviews and have been enjoying that. I think I’ll try your idea as part of my workflow.

paulmooreparks 2 hours ago||
I don't know. I find that I'm moving up a level and improving my product-management skills while delegating most of the code to the agents. I'm still very much hands-on with the design and requirements, and I'm asking questions like, "What's our security story for XYZ?", "Are we accounting for colour-blindness?", etc. Not being down in the code allows me to prairie-dog a bit more and see the landscape better.
xantronix 1 hour ago||
One thing I've noticed is that LLMs have allowed middle managers trapped inside the role of a developer to finally self actualise.
ryandvm 53 minutes ago||
chef's kiss
bluGill 1 hour ago|||
I'm about 50% that way. However when the AI is done coding I then step back and review to find places the code quality is unacceptable. I also have to stop the AI once in a while because it forgets the point and does something stupid. Junior engineer learn, AI does not.
paulmooreparks 31 minutes ago|||
I don't abandon the code to the agent entirely. I have my own... I wouldn't call it a harness as such, but rather a shared Kanban board, and it'll be the subject of a "Show HN" soon. It suffices to say that I define Kanban cards for each feature or bug, and I have clearly defined review points for each card, post-spec and post-code, where I step in. On top of that, after my review, there is an agentic review, and agents can and do catch things that I missed. The quality of the software has improved quite a bit since I instituted that flow.
dpoloncsak 1 hour ago||||
> Junior engineer learn, AI does not.

This is technically true, but lets not act like we haven't seen immense improvement of both models are harnesses for these models in the past years. They may not be learning, but they are getting better

nyrikki 1 hour ago||
They are getting better at historical data, not at the fundamental issue.

As a recent example, I recently had to abandon the multiple LLM reviewer/verifier model I was using because zig 0.16 was released with major changes.

I actually reverted back to full self hosted because the foundation models we’re trying too hard to revert to the older versions of the language.

It is going to be a balancing act and there is fundamentally no way for LLMs to get around this.

We will have to develop methods to do so, most likely by focusing agents on problems that are more static.

smj-edison 13 minutes ago|||
Question for you, since I also use Zig 0.16: how do you get it to use Zig idioms? I use Kimi 2.6, and I feel like whenever I try to get my agent to write modern Zig based on a C reference it decides to start writing everything in a C style (doesn't use defer, doesn't use opaque enums even when I explicitly tell it to, doesn't use Zig's error unions, swallows errors instead of asserting, and some more). It's quite frustrating, and a lot of catchable errors crop up until I've beat modern practices into it.
askonomm 1 hour ago|||
I find great success in not relying on LLM's built-in knowledge, but giving it links to necessary docs/manuals and have it read that before doing anything.
embedding-shape 1 hour ago||
Also, add "no assumptions or guesses" and if you use a model with really strong prompt adherence (most SOTA models), they'll figure out the right version first, then look up docs, then implement.
seunosewa 1 hour ago|||
Unless you log its mistakes and how they were solved in decisions.log
ctdinjeu7 1 hour ago||
[flagged]
CraigJPerry 2 hours ago||
I clearly identify with the problem the author raises, which is: the bottleneck is understanding.

I don't go along with their mitigations though.

In programming we have one tool for this: abstraction. Decomposition, pattern recognition, even data structures and algorithms are all down stream of abstraction. Collectively, we've never truly mastered abstraction, but it's what we have and we collectively wield it well enough that it's usually somewhat effective.

We are in dire need of a better abstraction.

the_other 1 hour ago||
The "right" abstraction seems like quite an art. Sometimes it's not obvious, or it takes multiple rounds of exploration and testing (I'm thinking here of the mental shift moving from HTML + JS, via jQuery, Backbone, Knockout and up to React/Vue or Angular). At all points, we thought we had reasonable abstractions for a while. Vue and Svelt, or NextJS, now are so far from the mental model of early 00s "DHTML".

And I'm not sure how this relates to TFA's point. Are you saying we collectively need to get better at abstraction so that LLMs get better at abstraction (either by training, or our prompting), so that their code is easier to read?

CraigJPerry 21 minutes ago||
>> I’m losing control over the code I write when I work with agentic code generation

> Are you saying we collectively need to get better at abstraction so that LLMs get better at abstraction (either by training, or our prompting), so that their code is easier to read?

No - our current abstraction for coding agents is a loop where we express some freeform specification of a goal, then a sub loop kicks off where an llm takes a stab at what good looks like for the next step (make an edit, search for info, run a command to cause some side effect etc etc), it iterates in this loop and when it's finished its sub loop, it declares end of turn and the loop returns to the user for steering input.

That inner agent loop can make it quite hard to stay in control.

What if instead of only these low level free form prompts we additionally had some higher level primitives to work with?

repelsteeltje 2 hours ago||
Yes. And indeed, abstraction is not what LLMs are offering.
coldtea 2 hours ago||
It very much is. But it's a non-deterministic, more-lossy-than-usual abstraction: english to code.
soiltype 26 minutes ago||
The point about the UI affordances strikes me as very relevant. I find that the way I want to use LLMs in coding is not available.

We have chatbots in a sidebar that will just generate code for you or, more helpfully, answer your questions. We also have inline LLM code completion, which I've turned off completely because they're incredibly noisy.

What I want is something between those. My ideal use of LLMs while coding would be, i start writing a function and need to act on some data. I don't know what method to use, maybe I'm in an unfamiliar language/framework and don't know what my options are. I want the AI to explain what methods I can call to do X in this specific place, no more, no less. It would need to know what outcome I want, which would be hard to do without jumping out of the code and typing into the chat, but I basically want it to function like Intellisense on steroids. Something that doesn't break my focus.

Current LLMs are anti-flow. For me, that's poison.

sam-cop-vimes 2 hours ago||
> We should be more tired than the model

I understand the rationale behind this, but can't help feeling that this is a downward spiral. The software industry has always been a hard place to build and sustain a career because of the pace of change. With these tools, the pressure to increase output is going to grow, jobs are going to be axed - so software devs need to work harder to stay relevant. Weren't these tools supposed to make our lives easier?!

mettamage 2 hours ago||
That’s only true if companies give some of the productivity gains back to the employee, but most companies don’t do that. They keep the profits purely for themselves. There are some exceptions.
coldtea 2 hours ago|||
In general without unions and workers saying "that's enough", any productivity savings never go back to workers.

But of course AI is also making union/worker pressure matter even less, since it's function is to cheapen the cost/leverage of workers.

So the only solution is fighting that at the political/legal/social level. Which I ain't see happening anytime soon.

ElevenLathe 2 hours ago||
There's only one way to eat an elephant: one bite at time. Putting some energy into organizing, even if only on the level of deliberately building solidarity with your coworkers and never mentioning the word "union", can and will pay dividends to somebody down the road -- possibly even you -- and also has immediate benefits in that it feels better than looking over your shoulder all the time.
coldtea 1 hour ago||
>There's only one way to eat an elephant: one bite at time.

Maybe, but to eat it you need to kill it first or it will stomp you. And this can only happen all at once :)

mrweasel 33 minutes ago||||
Of cause there are some who see boost in productivity and other advantages of AI, but I'm questioning the current AI models ability to produce code (and text). If all the promises were true, we'd see an increase in code quality, but we mostly don't. AI tools do help find interesting bugs code bases like Curl, but commercial vendors doesn't seem to be delivering any fast or better than before. In fact some, like Microsoft, seems to produce worse code now.

If there's this huge productivity boost what is it being spend on? I know, many have been laid off, but that's not universally true. So we have a productivity boost that doesn't really deliver anything and overall quality a lot of products/code/writing/communication is going down, yet we spend an ungodly amount of money on datacenters... for what, just spinning the wheels?

poszlem 2 hours ago|||
Choosing speed today is going to cost you tomorrow. Leaning on these tools degrades your actual abilities. You are making yourself less valuable to future employers. So while it might be in the best interest of the company to force you to work faster it is in your own best interest to resist that.
gib444 1 hour ago||
What form can that resist realistically take if lots of companies are monitoring your LLM usage, demanding more usage, and fire bottom "performers"?
regular_trash 1 hour ago|||
I'm not convinced jobs will be axed in the long-term - All the big tech companies frequently staff teams on projects that basically go nowhere to spread bets on multiple projects in case one has legs. Once LLMs reach the point of commoditization and drop in price, it seems like the natural next step is more teams with smaller structures to spread bets even more. A 5 person team that is LLM-assisted is going to move faster and be more cohesive than an 10 person team that ends up stepping all over each other.
coldtea 2 hours ago||
>Weren't these tools supposed to make our lives easier?

In a late stage capitalism market economy, their only actual requirements were to make profit for the shareholders and VCs.

If that means making our lives harder, firing most of us, making us stupider, being addictive, being used for surveillance to sell us shit or control us, or even being used to kill people, all of those are fine, if they fulfil that requirement.

Aldipower 2 hours ago||
> Using the agent to keep asking questions about pieces of the code I don’t understand instead and pull up relevant documentation and PRs.

I like to do the opposite, asking the LLM to give me relevant follow-up documentation, like the actually docs, where I can read and understand things myself. Data structures, techniques, etc. I still like to read that from the authors, much easier and trustworthy to grasp.

coffeefirst 2 hours ago|
I do this too. LLMs are amazing at finding weird trivia deep in the docs. But you have to go check the original. The machine is often correct-ish.
docheinestages 2 hours ago||
Skill atrophy is a real issue when it comes to creative skills. But I argue that not all of what we call coding belongs to these skills. I consider lots of it chores due to inefficiency of the languages and abstraction layers. Problem solving, hypothesizing, researching, running experiments, and designing solutions all require critical thinking and creative skills. If you're worried about losing coding skills, ask yourself this question: what are you trying to achieve?
Npovview 2 hours ago||
https://web.stanford.edu/class/ee384m/Handouts/HowtoReadPape...

I think this is how we should be reading code as well.

First understand the top level. Then the next level of detail and so on. I treat my understanding as graph of interconnected black boxes. If I don't understand a particular black box or a node in the graph. I click expand on it, grok the details and then collapse the node. Here's the grokking details of a particular sub-node also follows the same structure as understanding the root node. You don't need to understand everything from the get-go, expand your understanding on the need-to-know basis.

HPsquared 2 hours ago|
This kind of structure is also important when writing. You guide the reader through stages of awareness and understanding.
stantonius 2 hours ago||
> adding friction back into development

I'm really trying to do this too. The problem is it's *so easy* to let your standards slip, even for just a moment, and that piece of code suddenly becomes foreign.

I find more mental energy is spent on restraint than execution these days.

dwa3592 2 hours ago|
>>In some ways, we’ve replaced the social media feed with a stream of tokens, and I look forward to reading those papers in ten years.

Second this. This is why zuckerberg is dying to spend as much as he can to make meta an AI company.

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