Damn it, Janet. No proper namespaces. Hard pass.

> I never thought it could happen to me.

But I am truly biased. I have basically forgotten how to code everything else (besides APL family languages) in the past _checks notes_ 10 months since I started Janet. I even run a community [docs site](https://janetdocs.org/) and am writing [my own tutorial](https://janetdocs.org/tutorials/learn-to-program) (albeit slowly). I even use it in production for all new software (within 3 weeks of starting, I had rewritten all personal scripts etc.)

> Janet is simple

You can do literally everything with just hashmaps. The whole language is basically a hashmap, implementation wise. `(keys (curenv))` prints out all locally defined symbols. `(keys (getproto (curenv)))` prints the parent hashmap of the current environment i.e. all the core symbols. I don't, but you can basically do CLOS via hashmaps (and there is a [fuller implementation](https://git.sr.ht/~subsetpark/fugue) too.)

> Janet is distributable

I have like 20 websites and another dozen or so services running on Janet (with the [Joy webframework](https://github.com/joy-framework/joy) which I wrote a [tutorial](https://janetdocs.org/tutorials/Joy-Web-Framework) for), on a single free-tier VPS with 512mb of RAM.

> Janet has ... immutable collections

...not really. In reality, the whole standard library constantly returns mutable versions from everything. There's no reason to really try to be immutable at this point. Although there are cool [combinator libraries](https://git.sr.ht/~subsetpark/apcl-janet) and I've even made combinatorish versions of basic functions:

    (defn better-cond
      [& pairs]
      (fn :bc [& arg] # names for stack traces
        (label result
               (defn argy [f] (if (> (length arg) 0) (apply f arg) (f arg))) # naming is hard
               (each [pred body] (partition 2 pairs)
                 (when (argy pred)
                   (return result (if (function? body)
                                    (argy body) # calls body on args
                                    body)))))))

Combinatory inspired cond, which allows for pairs. The test does not need an argument and the body may be a simple value or a function:

    (map (better-cond
             string? "not a number"
             odd? "odd"
             even? "even") 
      [1 2 3 "cat"]) # the args!
    (map
        (better-cond
         1 (fn [arr] (array (min ;arr) (max ;arr)))) # (recombine array (unapply min) (unapply max)))
        (partition 2 (range 10))) # these are the args!
    ((better-cond
          < "first is smaller"
          > "second is smaller")
         5 3) # these are the args passed into the func! I am excited!

> Janet lets you pass values from compile-time to run-time

That's what got me hooked, in a few ways. In Racket or Go, I had to do a lot of work to process data at compile time so the runtime could literally just be a lookup table. In Janet? That's the default behavior of any `def` outside of main. The following turns a .tsv of the bible into a hashmap in the binary, when compiling:

    (def verses  (reduce (fn [acc line]
                           (let [parts (string/split "\t" line)]
                             (if (= (length parts) 5)
                               (let [[_ abbrev ch vs text] parts]
                                 (put-in acc [abbrev ch vs] text))
                               acc)))
                         @{}
                         (string/split "\n" (slurp "kjv.tsv"))))
    
    (def abbrev-array (keys verses)) # also makes an array of the abbreviation column

So the rest of the program is literally just accessing the hashmap ([twice as fast](https://codeberg.org/veqq/verse-reader#performance) as the Golang version using `embed`):

    (defn main [_ & args]
      (if (or (empty? args) (= "-h" ;args) (= "help" ;args))
        (do (print "Usage: kjv <book> [chapter:verse]") (os/exit 1))) # show help
      (let
       [Capitalized (string (string/ascii-upper (string/slice (first args) 0 1)) (string/slice (first args) 1))
        book        (find |(string/has-prefix? $ Capitalized) abbrev-array)]
    
        (pp (match args
              [_ chap verse] (get-in verses [book chap verse])
              [_ unsure]     (match (string/split ":" unsure)
                               [chap verse] (get-in verses [book chap verse])
                               [chap]       (get-in verses [book chap]))
              [_]            (verses book)))))

The equivalent go program was 5x longer and required an extra program to convert data into a 40k line .go file with a giant literal hashmap, to be faster than the naive Janet.

...but actually Ian Henry means Janet e.g. keeps closures synced across images/sessions:

    (defn timer [t] 
      (var t t) # this is slightly annoying, must shadow as params are immutable
       [(fn [] (set t (+ t 1)))
       (fn [] (set t (+ t 2)))])
    
    (def tx (timer 0))
    # call like this:
    ((tx 0))
    ((tx 1))
    
    # make an image and save it to file
    (def my-module @{:public true})
    (spit "test.jimage" (make-image (curenv)))

Exit and start a new REPL session:

    (defn restore-image [image]
      (loop [[k v] :pairs image]
        (put (curenv) k v)))
    
    (restore-image (load-image (slurp "test.jimage")))

    ((tx 0))

It saved the closure and all relevant image in the `(curenv)` hashmap.

Condensed from my longer response: https://lobste.rs/s/y0euno/why_janet_2023#c_lspe6n

[flagged]

[flagged]

[dead]

    (defn foo [first & rest] ...)

So basically Lisp 2.0.

Although, this here is a good idea:

"pass values from compile-time to run-time"

Would be nice if some kind of "scripting" language be as fast as a compiled language, but without ruining the syntax. Just about 99% of the languages that are shown, have a horrible syntax. Syntax is not everything, but most language designers don't understand that syntax also matters. So tons of horrible languages emerge. Nobody will use those languages, so 99% of them will die off quickly.

Why, Henry?

why is it called Janet? perhaps to prevent it to be identified with the acronym for Lots of Irritating Single Parenthesis?

  for (i = 1; i <= 100; i += 5) { ... }

  for i from 1 to 100 by 5 do ... od

  if ( ... ) { ... } else { ... }

  if ... then ... else ... fi

    for (i = 1; i <= 128; i *= 2) { … }

    if (x <= 0)
        throw ParameterException;