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Posted by sohkamyung 5 hours ago

A deadly fungus that can infect cats and people is spreading(www.sciencenews.org)
157 points | 114 comments
busssard 3 hours ago|
We will see more and more fungi infecting mammals in the coming years. Mammals and birds evolved higher body temperatures in part to protect from fungal infections. As most fungi are dying above 37°C. But a high temperature summer is a selection pressure on any mushroom trying to survive, and hence might evolve to survive 40° summers and thus also survive in our bodies.

I really hope cordyceps is one of the last to do this step.

kalenx 2 hours ago||
Not sure about that. Outside temperature above 37 were common in many highly populated areas, even before "high temperature summer" (e.g., India, Indonesia, most of Brazil, etc.). If there was an actual selection pressure, we would have seen its results by now.
kevlened 1 hour ago|||
We have already seen selection pressure results in Candida auris

https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.01397-19 (2019)

https://radiolab.org/podcast/fungus-amungus (2020)

MichaelZuo 1 hour ago|||
Would a daily peak above 37C counts for the parents point? It has to be longer term temperature I imagine.
N_Lens 3 hours ago||
One of the last, you say? The last of Us?
MisterTea 4 hours ago||
> “I’m convinced that half of the human cases that come from cats are people who are trying to stuff pills down their cat’s throats to treat the sporotrichosis,”

Do yourself a favor, crush the pill and put it in food. Problem solved. Difficult with multiple cats but I had two and one needed medication so I put this little guys on a window sill he loved to perch on which the other cat didn't care to reach.

drdexebtjl 3 hours ago||
This doesn’t necessarily work. Some pills taste bad, and the cat will refuse weird-tasting food.

I recommend everyone who has healthy cats to talk to their vet about administering empty capsules. Just so you and the cat get comfortable with the process before you need it.

Kind of like you need to train them from an early age that clipping their nails is fine.

When your cat gets old, they will need to take oral supplements, at the very least. You’re the person they trust the most to give them.

thijson 2 hours ago|||
Maybe mix it with cat nip. My Mom used to have to mix medicine in with the pig's feed. They were very good at eating around the medicine. To get around that she would prepare a concoction of beer and molasses and feed and the medicine. They then ate all of it.
hombre_fatal 1 hour ago|||
> When your cat gets old

> You’re the person they trust the most

-_- Gave my spry lil five year old critter a hug. He doesn't deserve to get old.

jsiepkes 3 hours ago|||
Its not always that easy. For example cerenia tastes very bitter for a cat. My cat will start drooling almost uncontrollably if he tastes it. He has a kidney condition and needs it for the rest of his life. I've tried crushing it, but he will then just ignore the food because of the bitter taste of the pill. Putting it in something like easy-pill will work a couple of times. Until he realizes the disgusting taste he is going to experience when eating the easy-pill. At that point you can't trick him anymore with an easy-pill.

So the only way I can give it to him (without drama) is by putting it deep into his mouth so he never tastes it and immediately swallows it.

nosioptar 6 minutes ago|||
A piller makes getting pills down them 1,000 times easier.

https://www.chewy.com/vetone-pet-piller-dogs-cats/dp/204481

sillystuff 1 hour ago|||
Some drugs are available online / locally through compounding pharmacies as transdermal creams that you apply to the inner surface of the cat's ear.

From a quick search, it looks like cerenia is available in this form.

Your last sentence, "[pilling cat] (without drama) is by putting it deep into his mouth" must mean you have a very chill cat [emphasis mine].

AdamN 2 hours ago|||
I may be crazy but I feel like we shouldn't be giving medicine to animals with communicable diseases (unless the medicine reduces the chances of animal->human transmission). We're just reducing the effectiveness of these medicines over time.
bee_rider 1 hour ago|||
To some extent, maybe.

Although, it needs to be balanced against other options. I’m sure this list isn’t exhaustive but we have:

* Medicine

* Uncontrolled spread

* Somehow modify the animals’ behavior to spread illnesses less

* Wipe out infected animals

2 and 4 seem less than desirable. 3… I mean “herding cats” is an expression for a reason, right? They are not very obedient in general.

Is there a good option I missed?

drdexebtjl 2 hours ago||||
Citation needed.

We ought to have learned after the Covid “herd immunity” policies that killed hundreds of thousands around the world, that infectious disease control should be grounded on actual research, and not on simplified world models.

Researchers currently recommend treatment.

CalRobert 1 hour ago||
I think they meant to cull them
drdexebtjl 1 hour ago||
I understand, didn’t mean to imply they were suggesting herd immunity. But then you’ll have people not taking their cats to the vet because they don’t want them to be culled, increasing exposure and limiting our access to reliable data.

My point is, take this uninformed opinion that goes against the researchers’ recommendation for what it is: wrong.

thatguy0900 1 hour ago|||
Most people now treat pets as children, expensive surgeries even are commonplace. Good luck convincing them not to medicate their pet when a medicine for the disease exists
pikminguy 3 hours ago|||
A. I have cats that don't go anywhere special that the other cats don't go so that doesn't work unless I supervise. B. It's difficult to make sure they get the entire dose, again unless you supervise. And good luck getting a cat to finish food they've decided they are done with. C. I have cats that are picky enough to ignore any food that has a crushed pill in it. They can always tell. Yes even if I use smelly food. D. Not all medications can be safely crushed. Slowly dissolving in the stomach could be an important aspect of the delivery.
mschuster91 1 hour ago||
> Slowly dissolving in the stomach could be an important aspect of the delivery.

Depends on the coating - some coatings only dissolve once they are out of the strongly acidic stomach. Slow dissolution is used in retarded medication, which may or may not be coincident with targeting post-stomach delivery.

pikminguy 1 hour ago||
Yeah I was trying to get the general point of "crushing the pill could interfere with effective delivery of the medicine" without getting too far into the weeds. Honestly it's usually fine and I do think mixing crushed pills with food is an important tool in a pet owners belt. It's just not the universal solution that was being implied.
thoughtpalette 2 hours ago|||
Pill pocket treats have been great for this exact purpose.
Finnucane 2 hours ago||
None of my cats would eat those. Regular soft cat treats have always worked better.
Finnucane 2 hours ago|||
When I had to give my cats thyroid pills, I mushed them into soft treats. This generally worked, but sometimes took a couple of tries. But this trick only works if the cat wants the treat more than they don't want the pill. A dog can be tricked into thinking the pill is the treat.

Flavored pill compounding is apparently also an option, but I've never tried it.

mschuster91 1 hour ago||
> Do yourself a favor, crush the pill and put it in food.

This does not work on compounds sensitive to stomach acids. Some medications (both veterinarian and human) have to be specially coated to survive this environment [1], if you crush the pills the medication gets less effective, completely ineffective or, like ibuprofen, irritate the stomach. Or, worst case, the medication is designed for retarded release in the stomach acid - and now that you've crushed it, the entirety of the compound is dissolved in the stomach at once.

Please always ask your veterinarian/physician, the pharmacy staff and always read the medication's application notes because particularly physicians often are unaware and the same ingredient on the prescription might be fulfilled by a crushable or a non-crushable variant which only the pharmacist knows.

[1] https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magensaftresistente_Tablette

trevithick 3 hours ago||
The article doesn't address treatment efficacy in humans. How is it treated? How effective is the treatment? Can this develop resistance to the treatment? The spread mechanisms and persistence are concerning, but without info on treatment I'm not sure how much I should freak out about this.
NoMoreNicksLeft 3 hours ago|
Candida is already antifungal resistant in many cases, or so I remember reading.
drdexebtjl 3 hours ago||
Here’s the website (in Portuguese) from the Brazilian Ministry of Health: https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/assuntos/saude-de-a-a-z/e/esp...

It includes instructions for the general population and for medical professionals, as well as a couple of technical reports with tons of references to recent studies.

feverzsj 4 hours ago||
Deadly to immunocompromised people. Basically everything could be deadly to them. Cats also rarely attack human proactively. So not really a big concern.
kevlened 4 hours ago|
It can be airborne, lives on sanitized surfaces for up to 10 weeks, and may take 3 years for symptoms to appear.

Still, it is more concerning for cats than humans.

greenavocado 3 hours ago||
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is highly effective at killing Sporothrix fungi, including Sporothrix brasiliensis

HOCl is the best non-toxic broad spectrum human compatible antimicrobial. I have been using it in many household applications since COVID started.

It can be prepared by electrolysis of acidified (e.g. vinegar, but ideally pH 5.5, and inorganic acids make it last way longer at that pH, but they are more dangerous to handle) salt water (high margin of safety) or alternatively prepared by mixing highly diluted bleach with an diluted acid (low margin of safety) to target 20-2000 ppm depending on your delivery method (e.g. one tablespoon of bleach and vinegar into a gallon of water). If you are worried about the safety of this approach, note that far, far less chlorine gas is emitted when made this way than by ordinary bathroom cleaning with a bleach-based bathroom cleaner.

The smell of HOCl is unique and completely different from chlorine gas. The small amount of chlorine gas emitted likes to sit on top of the surface of the water, but if this layer is blown away, the distinct smell of HOCl becomes apparent immediately. It smells like minty bubblegum or something more familiar: a swimming pool.

The good news is when making HOCl for disinfection purposes 20-2000 ppm, only very small quantities of chlorine gas are evolved. They can be reduced further by shaking the closed container used to make it, further dissolving the gas into solution to make more HOCl.

I run this solution in my humidifier at low concentrations to prevent microorganisms from growing in it. I also use the electrolysis method to accurately make very low concentrations for nasal rinses. Typically, 15-30 seconds from a $10 USB electrolyzer in salt water.

nDRDY 3 hours ago|||
"AI Overview" blithely tells me HOCL can be easily made from the electrolysis of salt water.

Looking even a little deeper (Wikipedia) confirms that chlorine chemistry, especially when combined with electrolysis, is very complex, and it's hard to know if you're making the right thing. FWIW every sensible electrolysis-based DIY project has dire warnings about electrolysing solutions of common salt.

aitchnyu 2 hours ago|||
Looks like HOCL generators are household appliances now.
greenavocado 2 hours ago|||
> it's hard to know if you're making the right thing

In this case, it's not complicated

empath75 2 hours ago|||
Hypochlolorous acid, otherwise known as "swimming pool water"
Chazprime 4 hours ago||
Can survive weeks, months and even years??

That’s a little horrifying.

gchamonlive 3 hours ago|
My cat's got a different kind of fungus, not sporotrichosis, but one that gives her sort of a "clown nose". We've been trying to treat it for years now and it always comes back. Every time the treatment takes 4-6 months with itraconazol.
simonebrunozzi 4 hours ago||
Reminds me of the TV Series "The Last of us" [0], which: "... is set decades after the collapse of society caused by a mass fungal infection that transforms its hosts into zombie-like creatures". Of course, minus the zombies.

[0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_of_Us_(TV_series)

userulluipeste 3 hours ago||
We are lucky that mass epidemics that plagued humans so far didn't affect the brain. Affections like rabies, that require individuals biting each other, and which are the inspirational source of all those zombie fantasies, do not count. That is an attack vector easy to spot and manage. The scary scenario is the one like with this Sporothrix Brasiliensis fungus, which can spread by merely "sneezing out the infectious yeast", and then remain potent (outside a host) for "up to 10 weeks", plus (the cherry on top) -- "developing the disease three years after" the infection event. Any kind of pandemic is scary by the sheer magnitude of its reach, but one that would affect the brain? That would be another level of scary.
curiousthought 2 hours ago||
Toxoplasma gondii affects animal behavior, I don't think it's a stretch to think it (or something similar) could affect humans in some way we haven't measured yet.
fipar 1 hour ago|||
I think it’s very common for parasites to affect their host’s behavior.

If you find this topic interesting, I recommend the book “Parasite Rex”

bee_rider 1 hour ago|||
I think this is widely speculated already, right? It is just hard to measure human behavior. I mean one of the proposed effects on Wikipedia is a reduced aversion to cat urine. But obviously there is a correlation/causation question there, haha,
dguest 3 hours ago|||
In the opening scene a scientist argues once the ambient temperature of some region is 37°C we'll all get eaten by fungus. It will evolve to live at body temperature.

There are some precedents for this: hibernating bats lower their body temperature to that of a moldy environment, and are getting infected with a fungus which kills 90% of them in some cases [2]. Logic goes that raising the ambient temperature could be the same (with some evolution thrown in) as lowering our body temperature.

Is it credible? No idea, not that kind of scientist.

[1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OLNagvJHl3g

[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-nose_syndrome

phyzix5761 4 hours ago||
You mean the video games?
recursive-call 4 hours ago||
There is also a TV adaptation that came out on Netflix a few years ago.
Sharlin 3 hours ago|||
I guess GP is hinting that referring to TLoS as a TV series is a bit similar to, say, referring to LotR as a movie series (when discussing the basic premise shared by the original and the adaptation).
thebruce87m 3 hours ago||
Reminds me of this scene: https://clip.cafe/airheads-1994/uh-67-copies-of-moby-dick/?s...
Ralfp 4 hours ago|||
It's HBO Original actually
elzbardico 3 hours ago||
Please note that this is an extremely rare disease even in Brazil, where it came from. Asked my vet, and two cousins who also are vets, and all of them knew of the disease from scientific literature and government health bulletins, but only one of them had treated two actual cases, when he lived in northeastern region: two strays.

Brasil must have something like between 40 and 50 million cats (including strays). An infectious disease that killed thousands (what the article means? 1000, 2000? 10000?) while not ignorable, it is not exactly highly prevalent.

mlcruz 2 hours ago||
It is not that rare, the epidemic is just focused on the south region right now.

Porto Alegre metropolitan area is having a huge outbreak. My girlfriend is a vet and has been dealing with new cases multiple times a week.

Many of our friends also got it (it is very hard to not get scratched when handling with cats in pain).

It is a really really shitty, painful and hard to treat disease, requiring multiple months of treatment. It is very painful but usually not letal for humans and cats that are in the earlier stages and get treatment.

However it is absolutely lethal for populations of wild and stray cats, as it is very infectious and 100% lethal unassisted.

drdexebtjl 2 hours ago||
There’s also not enough data to say the number of human cases has been growing YOY because compulsory notification in Brazil only started in 2025.
peterclary 2 hours ago||
"We report the first three cases of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis outside South America, and the first ever cases of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis *in the United Kingdom*".
NoMoreNicksLeft 3 hours ago|
Why are we allowing immigrant cats into the country?
callmeal 2 hours ago||
For the same reason we allow expat cats into the country.
N_Lens 2 hours ago||
For the immigrants to eat ofcourse! /s
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