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Posted by rmdmphilosopher 6 hours ago

The Dark Night of Mathematics(kirwinhampshire.substack.com)
95 points | 84 commentspage 2
lordnacho 2 hours ago|
How much of the identity of a mathematician is tied up in being the first to discovery? How much of it is the contest between smart people producing excitement? Maybe someone could chime in on this.

For a mortal like myself, I've never discovered any new mathematics. All I can do is appreciate what I'm taught. But I can still appreciate it. I still watch videos of people solving high school/uni level questions. Why can't you appreciate this new counterexample, just because someone used an LLM to find it?

It's also worth looking at other times technology has changed our world. We invented various engines, so there's not a whole lot of economic value left in being a big strong guy anymore, but plenty of people still exercise because keeping in shape makes them happy.

azakai 2 hours ago|
> How much of the identity of a mathematician is tied up in being the first to discovery?

Here is how I'd put it: math has an enormous focus on discovery. It is why we have Godel's incompleteness theorems, the Cantor set, Zorn's lemma, and so forth. We name things after their discoverers.

It is possible that, going forward, no more things will be named after human discoverers. The last such naming (of something truly significant) may already have occurred.

That is a massive culture change, at the very least.

bonoboTP 1 hour ago||
This has already been shifting in science and engineering because typically large teams are needed to get things done. Math has held to it better, but even there they are almost always multi-named concepts, like Rivest-Shamir-Adleman etc. And even those often have to ignore names that could plausibly be added.

For example in classic image processing / computer vision we had things like the Hough transform, Canny edge detector, Sobel filter, Shi-Tomasi detector, Lucas-Kanade optical flow, Horn-Schunck optical flow, Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi tracker, Otsu thresholding, Viola-Jones detector, etc, but nowadays we no longer name things like that, but typically with some abbreviation or some name that relates to the concept more closely.

It's in part the larger teams thing, and also a cultural trend to de-emphasize "great men theories".

Nevermark 3 hours ago||
It is amazing how the scales of time we consider are shrinking even as change is accelerating. We are concerned about individual changes, that will quickly be followed by cascades of more change.

> Something fundamental to the experience of mathematics is being taken.

That is the near term. At least "near term" like we talked about it five years ago. And it won't stop.

AI isn't a tame long term transition - in scale it is bigger than any transition since the first individual cells. In speed it is happening faster than web adoption. No human adoption bottleneck. They are taking the reins of our tools, and don't need human adaption to improve.

Ineffables, and our intellectual primacy are going away, right now, even as we think about it.

I am not making light of it. But not surprised, because how could AI not redefined everything.

But maybe not everything:

20 years from now, 50, 100, there will still be ineffable experiences at the frontiers, by different beings. I believe esoteric curiosity and the intrinsic rewards of discovery will continue. Our propensities to find idiosyncratic interests and pursuits, seek answers and adventures, exist in our psychology because the low median return is decisively outmatched the extremely hight mean returns of unanticipated progress. The benefits of many pursuits will be even greater for them.

It seems unlikely to me, that future beings will become less interesting.

I relate to the author. Anyone who isn't feeling butterflies or stones in their stomach, isn't really processing the moment.

neonstatic 2 hours ago|
> AI isn't a tame long term transition - in scale it is bigger than any transition since the first individual cells

You might need to put the phone / keyboard down, take a day off...

Nevermark 1 hour ago||
I am completely calm and serious. This should be mundane, obvious by now.

I find it unfathomable that anyone doesn't recognize that the move from an evolutionary substrate, to engineered mass produced substrates, by beings capable of self-engineering, is the beginning of a new explosion of life.

The speed of engineered adaptation, from materials to architectures, vs. biological evolution is already something like a million times faster.

Fast enough to mean meaningful cognitive progress happening in months, not tens of thousands of years. Which entirely not-coincidentally is exactly what we are seeing.

neonstatic 1 hour ago||
Well, I think you have AI psychosis.
Nevermark 1 hour ago||
Five years from now you won't. Ten years from now, robotics will upset another capability/economic apple cart.

I am not expressing any opinion of what I think should happen. Just what is already happening.

Which you didn't offer a credible critique to. That might have been interesting.

neonstatic 56 minutes ago||
You make a fair point, I did not elaborate.

My comment about AI psychosis was provoked by this comment in particular:

> AI isn't a tame long term transition - in scale it is bigger than any transition since the first individual cells.

It's such a wild hyperbole. You are casually claiming the stochastic text generator is a greater invention than fire, combustion engine, electricity, a transistor, computers, quantum mechanics... do you not see how unreasonable that is?

Nevermark 30 minutes ago||
The stochastic text generator perspective is ... bunk. Not saying that harshly, but it confuses the form of a problem with a form of solution. There is no inhibition of "understanding" because of a form of a problem.

If solving a problem requires complex modeling/understanding, that is what happens (assuming performance is achieved).

It also confuses stochastic models with the geometric transforms and topological folding and expansion, performed by neural-inspired architectures. The former have nothing on the latter. The fact that any imperfect solution (and perfection doesn't even have a definition in this case), can be judged or analyzed statistically, or have some stochastic element, doesn't make it a statistical/stochastic model. Statistics apply to anything.

(And if there was any argument that problem envelop limits solution sophistication, mathematicians and humans in general would be in even worse shape, for the run a "parrot" is already giving us.)

--

More to the point:

The first explosion of life, set off evolution. A mindless, glacially slow but relentless process that eventually led to us.

The nascent explosion of life we are seeing come together, is engineered life. Cognitive machines capable of redesigning themselves. For any environment they want including diverse off-Earth environments and resource sites.

They will advance as relentlessly as evolution, for the same reasons. But millions of times faster.

It is a strange time to be. But evolution, biological intelligence and biological bodies are all being obsoleted at the same time (within a decade of each other).

So yes, nothing else known compares to the transition we are in, except the Big Bang and the first cellular life.

geophile 5 hours ago||
> "They are forbidden from creating original works to express themselves. However, they are still permitted to comment on writing, interpret it, share their taste. They are still valued for their appraisal, presentation, understanding and appreciation of creative writing. They just can’t write creatively anymore. They can go on as an enthusiastic spectator.

> ... It revealed that the process of prompting novel proofs will be as auraless as ordering doordash. Watch as magic and mystery evaporate. Watch as the sun sets on our heroic age. Is there not something evil in the act of blocking all future generations of mathematicians from the experience of discovery? Forget about accuracy or even attribution. Something fundamental to the experience of mathematics is being taken."

These passages resonated with me, as someone who has been enchanted by writing software for almost 60 years. It crystalizes something that has been nagging at me for many years: I like writing software. Reviewing, testing, spec-ing, designing, etc. are all important, but they are all incidental to the actual creation of software. They are all necessary for me to do if I'm going to write software, but they are peripheral. I didn't latch on to computer programming because I got into flow state reviewing code, or spec-ing it.

And this is happening in one profession after another. For example, fighter pilots. I suspect that a fighter pilot feels about flying jet fighters the same way that I feel about programming. And he or she will soon be exactly as useless: Doing things related to flying, from the sidelines, but not doing the thing him or herself.

AI is stealing all the fun parts.

skeledrew 58 minutes ago||
> AI is stealing all the fun parts.

Disagree. AI has is taking all the parts that remove the fun. Now people can truly have fun with that which they find interest in, because there's a way to avoid the parts they're not interested in engaging with, with little to no consequence.

MinimalAction 2 minutes ago|||
Disagree. In many professions, people were paid to endure the boring parts to be able to finally do fun parts. See academia; a professor writes grants, attends committee meetings, teaches (sometimes undesirably) and such, to finally go do research which is fun. If the fun parts are predominantly done by AI, and are removing people from getting paid, what fills one's stomach?
haickernews 7 minutes ago||||
This. Cannot emphasize this enough. I used to be bogged down with all sorts of decisions. What framework should I use? How can I make this code cleaner? What should this project be about? Is this decision going to bite me in the ass later?

Now I can safely hand this all off to Claude while leisurely browsing e621. The unlock is incredible, and I wouldn't trade this velocity for anything.

spiresofagartha 9 minutes ago|||
This is a slippery slope. Having only fun things to do make them obviously boring. The human being craves contrast.

That assuming what you've said is true, which is not. In a work environment, you're forced to optimize whatever that there is, regardless if it's fun or not.

Moreover, there is always fun to be had even in tasks you've found boring beforehand.

xg15 5 hours ago|||
My suspicion is still that this has to do with losing insight in the little specific details of the matter and general understanding.

An area where I realized that was feature engineering: Early ML systems had handcrafted features that were fed into the model. There were relatively arbitrary and the number of features you could reasonably generate that way was tiny, compared to modern systems - but it gave you some understanding what input the model got exactly and you could use it to clear up some failure modes, or be certain that the model learned something that could not possibly make sense.

Then the idea was to automate feature generation. What's not to like? Except that in practice, the automated features simply seem to become part of the blackbox and are not available anymore for understanding.

senderista 1 hour ago||
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nutjob2 2 hours ago|||
> AI is stealing all the fun parts.

No one is stopping you from doing what you enjoy.

But lets get real here: no one asked for programming to be the way it is. It just too hard, too menial, too esoteric, too particular and too anal for 99% of the population. That's great if you're one of the 'wizards' and can charge huge amounts of money to make software that isn't exactly wizardry and more like just regular stuff people need for their lives and businesses. The quality and nature of software mostly reflects the mentality of those who wrote it, instead of those who use it. Multi-million dollar software projects continue to fail decades after the Mythical Man Month was written.

If programming as we know it disappears, few will mourn its loss, having suffered its consequences. Most people, including most programmers will just move onto the next great thing, whatever that is, and be empowered by it.

Meanwhile, welcome to what technology has been doing to everyone else for the last 100+ years.

psunavy03 4 hours ago||
As someone who has been both a software professional and a jet aviator, the same process is going to occur in both. Humans will still be in the loop, but the span of control and effectiveness of each individual human will explode. There's a reason the current plan is to augment manned aircraft with "loyal wingman" drones and smaller ones. Even in the Russo-Ukrainian War, manned aircraft are still A Thing. They've even hauled old prop trainers out of storage to put a guy in the back with an assault rifle to shoot down Shahed drones, because they're too slow for fighters.

Software is going to go through the same adaptation and exaptation process as military aviation.

5555watch 4 hours ago||
A silver lining to think about.. Currently there's a big issue (at least in some countries) that mathematicians must publish from 5 to 7-8 papers within a 5-year window to keep the tenure. So it's a minimum, much more is expected for grants. Yet high quality mathematical papers do take longer to finish (or sometimes to even start), especially if the researcher is working solo, not within a lab. Until today, the answer is to go for applications or for low-hanging fruit. Tomorrow, with the boost of AI help, the researchers may be able to spend more time on their "real problems"
throw-the-towel 3 hours ago|
And the number of papers required from them will increase appropriately.
turtleyacht 5 hours ago||
Math is having its DevOps moment. And yet, people who really understand networks are beyond valuable.
sibeliuss 5 hours ago||
Every day I witness the crazy wonder that is network knowledge / devops + agents from my colleagues. Things that were not possible become possible, assuming deep expertise. I feel for mathematicians like the author, but it will pass once the more creative possibilities reveal themselves and the shock passes.
haickernews 5 hours ago||
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kevinalexbrown 4 hours ago||
It’s ok to mourn the loss of a frontier and also support the thing driving that loss. The way it looks, the generation of mathematical results will become less and less of a human endeavor. There’s a way that’s sad even if on the whole it is a huge leap for society. This was a great article, and I applaud the author for acknowledging this head on.
parpfish 4 hours ago||
Same as programming, I feel like the underlying tension is between math lovers who want new math to be done vs those who want to be the ones to DO the new math.

Both groups love math, but the later group is in a real bind because they have confounded their career with their hobbies/passions.

zemvpferreira 5 hours ago||
This is what locking yourself away in an ivory tower gets you. Do things ‘for beauty’ and watch as they are automated and commoditized by the people who depend on them for their continued wellbeing, reduced to a hobby or sport. But the reduction began when you yourself started putting more importance on your enjoyment of the process over the value being provided to your customers.
discreteevent 4 hours ago||
> But the reduction began when you yourself started putting more importance on your enjoyment of the process over the value being provided to your customers.

Why would you make this comment? Is it envy? They were able to do things only some people can do. They enjoyed what they did and it provided value. Now the fun has been taken out of it and you seem to be saying that they deserve to have no fun? What should they have done? Prove theorems while whipping themselves in case they might have fun? Maybe it's a puritan thing? Customer value is the only value.

bonoboTP 2 hours ago|||
No. The "only value" is the one that people decide to give you, based on their choice. This can be coordinated via taxation and redistribution, but it's still paid from someone to you. Someone has to decide that you doing this thing is something that they like so much that they pay you a token, which you can use to redeem useful work from other citizens, such as repairing you car, or remodeling your bathroom.

Many many people enjoy various things in life, such as eating nice meals (quite spiritual to do it in good mood in friends' circle), go camping, or play music. But they don't get paid to do this.

It's very simple to understand. It doesn't depend on deserve. It depends on a concrete person or group of persons having to specifically decide that you get things in return to your time (such as your washing machine repaired, or getting petrol at the gas station) for your efforts at something that they appreciate. It's not God who gives you these things. It's not the universe and it's not Mother Nature. It's concrete people. You have to think about how what you do is actually appreciated by concrete people. You have to do something that people appreciate, whether you agree with their assessment of appreciation or not, it will be that way. You can't simply expect people to give you gas at the gas station simply because you yourself appreciate your own way of spending your time.

pillefitz 1 hour ago||
Not everything in life is a transactional zero-sum game. We as society can afford people to work on beauty, without anything else in return. I'd even argue that this should be one of mankind's ultimate goals.
skeledrew 35 minutes ago||||
The fun hasn't been taken out of it. The economic value has. And good riddance. This clearing of the air has been needed for a long time. Now join everyone else who has to actually choose to either do something for fun, or for income, but not both.
zemvpferreira 25 minutes ago||||
Because I’ve often been with professors in math, literature, arts who pride themselves on a certain intellectual purity that makes them a cut above, while living on wages paid by the taxpayer. Suddenly the golem of basic market dynamics comes for them and these extremely smart people are struck by the unfairness and bruteness of it all. Whole careers having fun publishing useless nothings, funded by people sowing soccer balls and scrubbing toilets. I have nothing against having fun while doing your job, I have it often. But I have a job first to serve society, not myself.
vslira 4 hours ago||||
The issue seems to be with the expectation that personal enrichment and subjective aesthetic appreciation should be socially instead privately funded
consensus1 2 hours ago||||
The AI will not stop them, or anyone else, from doing what they enjoy. It will stop them from getting paid for it. And nobody has the right to get paid for having fun. To get paid you need to deliver customer value.
tom_ 44 minutes ago||
"Or threaten to hurt them, or their family, or their friends. Then just take the money. What about that option? Didn't think of that, did ya son."

"Don, I..."

"Listen. I think this racket just ain't for you. But you're a good kid - too good, maybe - and I promised your father I'd find you something. I'll ask Giovanni. Maybe he can find something for you in bookkeeping."

turing_curious 4 hours ago||||
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knollimar 4 hours ago|||
Don't complain that you lose funding if you sacrifice utility for a cirlejerk around craftsmanship.

I'm sure there's a programming equivalent. I believe theyre saying don't lose sight of the trees.

qsort 4 hours ago||
Many of my friends are mathematicians, they are saying pretty much the same thing the article is saying. Unfortunately, even the "I have wondered if it is the express goal of these companies to make me kill myself" line I haven't heard for the first time today.

I assure you they're not in it for the money, I make more than they do and hardcore math research is definitely harder than whatever the fuck it is that I do.

I don't think that trying to be a little bit more understanding towards people who are obviously struggling would cost us that much.

skeledrew 30 minutes ago||
If they want to jump off a bridge or seppuku because discoveries with the potential of improving lives in some way are accelerating... well let me say no more.
iahds9uasd 4 hours ago|||
Customers? It's math. This is like a comment a golem built to raise the S&P 500 would write.
consensus1 2 hours ago|||
If somebody is paying you to do something and someone else comes along that can do that thing much better than you and/or for less money you've got a problem. Whether or not you call the person paying that money a customer or use some other term the fundamental issue is the same.
jbxntuehineoh 55 minutes ago||||
just another pathetic case of terminal economicsbrain. sadly there's nothing to be done to help these people; it's best to just ignore them
koito17 4 hours ago|||
> This is like a comment a golem built to raise the S&P 500 would write.

That's neoliberalism for you.

tmhn2 4 hours ago|||
It's important to remember that historically many advances have been made without "customer value" in mind. Indeed, freeing oneself from such concerns can open up unexpected avenues for discovery which only later provide "customer value".
robotpepi 4 hours ago|||
Exactly! I have some many colleagues who typically say that they do "math for the beauty" while holding permanent research positions funded by the state.
tmhn2 4 hours ago|||
That seems OK to me. I'd rather live in a state that funds beauty than one that doesn't. Think grants for artists, etc. A strictly practical world is not a good world to live in.
fraboniface 2 hours ago||||
One could also see it this way: shouldn't the goal of society be to allow more and more people to do things for the beauty of it rather that producing ever more useless stuffs and destroy the planet on the way?
Arodex 4 hours ago|||
Progress is made by these people - including progress you rely on heavily as a programmer, such as cryptography. Not by the industry.
mike_hearn 2 hours ago|||
Cryptography has always been largely driven by industrial mathematicians.

Elliptic curve cryptography spent years requiring commercial licenses because it was made practical by Certicom, who patented many of the core inventions.

A lot of the work on homomorphic encryption was done by mathematicians at IBM.

The DES standard was developed by IBM.

RC4, RC5 and RC6, some of the earliest stream ciphers, was a commercial secret because it was developed by Ron Rivest at RSA Security.

NTRU post-quantum crypto was developed as a commercial product from the start.

Many of the earliest cryptosystems were developed commercially, like Enigma and Crypto AG.

A lot of the crypto for mobile phone networks is/was commercial.

Academia did contribute to the early stages of public key cryptography both integer factorization based and elliptic curve based, but given the extensive history of commercial mathematics this stuff would almost certainly have been invented even if there was no academic mathematics at all.

NitpickLawyer 3 hours ago|||
> Progress is made by these people [...] Not by the industry.

Eh, debatable? Maybe a bit of both? Industry certainly brings research-level stuff to the masses. And has a way to winnow what's ultimately useful from the vast amounts of research that amounts to "huh, that's weird". And in turn that vast amount of stuff serves as the starting point, and round and round it goes. Research without industry would be pointless (from the masses perspective). And industry without research would be clueless or stagnant or outright dangerous.

Industry can also bring vast amounts of money into research. Just look at the field of Machine Learning.

turing_curious 2 hours ago||
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cauch 4 hours ago||
But "value provided to your customer" is not in itself what the society need. Or at least, it is a matter of opinion and you can probably find theoretical situations where even you would admit that maximizing actions based on the customer needs is not a good thing.

Same here: the value for the society may be more about "making art" than "being a cog in the paperclip factory".

anematode 2 hours ago||
A raw and powerful piece, thanks for sharing.

For years I've wanted to get back into self-studying mathematics, not to make serious contributions but just to appreciate its beauty; but the recent observation that I'll never be able to answer a pure mathematics question that a clanker could not has been off-putting, to say the least.

Unsaid here is that the companies involved have stolen so much (both literally in their plagiarism, and in their breaking of people's spirit), and given back so little. You still need to pay them cold, hard cash for them to help you prove theorems, and meanwhile, mathematicians working at these companies have themselves done little to contextualize and interpret results. That insight has mostly come from outsiders.

stefangordon 4 hours ago|
They are concerned mathematicians are obsolete and seem to be unaware that super intelligence means humans are obsolete.

You need to be thinking about an entirely different form of life for all of humanity, happening in the very near future. Focusing on one specific field that may be earlier in the obsolescence chain is a distraction.

Merit based society based on intelligence or work of nearly any kind is about to cease existence.

For some reason it feels to me that this should make mathematicians feels better. :)

boinkboink78912 4 hours ago|
> seem to be unaware that super intelligence means humans are obsolete.

oh they are very much aware lol

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