Absolutely incredible, but then confused by the next assertion that is made without context:
> New kinds of clocks may soon open up capabilities that previous generations could only dream about.
What is possible by pushing past that incredibly narrow margin of 1s in 13b years? What dreamy capabilities do we get that we don’t enjoy today?
Edit: I’d assumed they were talking about new approaches to making these clocks more accurate, but I wonder if they’re referring to power and form factors? I.E. an atomic clock the size of a grain of rice: https://www.nist.gov/noac/success-story-chip-scale-atomic-cl...
You can measure speed (via special relativity) and altitude (via gravity/general relativity) with atomic clocks [0], so with a more accurate clock, you should be able to calculate your speed/altitude more accurately.
GPS is already pretty good at measuring speed/altitude, but its not always very accurate, and it only works if you can receive the satellite's signal. In theory, a more accurate atomic clock would solve both of these problems (as long as you had an equally-accurate clock at a fixed location to compare to).
I actually work with one of those chip scale atomic clocks. The goal is to put it in space. If you need precise timing in space, the current state is to lock to a GPS reference clock (just for timing, don't care about position), train an OCXO, and let it drift for a day or two before you require GPS again. OCXOs (and crystal oscillators in general) can be very accurate but the stability is easily affected by temperature swings. So as your satellite goes in and out of the sunlight or as components inside turn on and off, the surrounding temperature changes and can make the clock drift. This isn't a problem on earth since you can always have a GPS receiver running but on a power constrained satellite, this is not ideal. The CSAC gets 100x better thermal stability than even some of the best space-qualified OCXOs. This means you could potentially run for 100x longer before you need to reacquire GPS, assuming the same environment and performance requirements. The CSAC also has a brain inside so potentially you can do all of your characterization on the ground and not even need a GPS receiver onboard. It also requires much less time to become stable after powering on than a normal crystal oscillator.
You get the same benefits on the ground, super precise timing for the processors and modems without necessarily needing a GPS receiver. The modern assumption (and pretty much proven in Ukraine) is that GPS will be completely unavailable on a battlefield. Anything portable or battery-powered will likely not be able to make use of newer anti-jam features of GPS (very power hungry) so you need something small, precise, and quick to come online.
Modern waveforms often require very tight timing to properly demodulate so having a pocket sized atomic clock solves a lot of problems.
https://gdmissionsystems.com/communications/spaceborne-commu...
[0] https://www.aac-clyde.space/what-we-do/space-products-compon...
[1] https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7648#app1-sensors-23-07...
It can detect gravitational differences of a few cm!
I wonder how tiny is feasible. Would it get to a level of accuracy where you could detect neutrinos? We know they have some (v tiny) mass, so it should in theory be detectable that way?
2. If a black hole passed us by, no gravitional wave?
> Data received at each antenna in the array include arrival times from a local atomic clock, such as a hydrogen maser. At a later time, the data are correlated with data from other antennas that recorded the same radio signal, to produce the resulting image. The resolution achievable using interferometry is proportional to the observing frequency.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very-long-baseline_interferome...
The next gen will have an alarm with snooze button.
[0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Atomic_Time
https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm/metric-si/metric-kitchen/metric...
Well, recipes do often use measurements like teaspoons and cups, but they have straightforward metric equivalents - a teaspoon being 5mL and a cup 250mL.
After setting the time zone (I guess this also changes the frequency that it listens on) it starts to sync itself using that signal. It is also solar-charging - so this basically means that I never have to touch it. Although it's an analog watch, because of this sync, it correctly handles DST, the date window (including leap year) - basically I never have to touch it again until it breaks . All without bluetooth or internet connection - pretty cool I think.
Casio Oceanus t200 for anyone that cares.
One thing I think is interesting is that not only are the digital formats these carry synced to an atomic clock, but the radio carrier wave is too. So if you need a very precise 10 MHz signal in the lab, you can hook up a shortwave antenna and a filter, and receive the precisely-on-frequency signal broadcast from WWV.
I had a weather station with an external antenna that could never sync, even during the night, even placed outside in the "best" side of the house on my neck of the EU.
A solar powered, low battery wristwatch that's never outside in the middle of the night will fare much worse.
It's interesting old school tech that works fine in the places where it does work.
For elsewhere, I guess synching through a phone is more practical. So far it works fine. I just hope it doesn't get deprecated (I do, unfortunately, have a feeling the Casio app will break before the radios stop transmitting).
I kinda wish the German transmitter had more range (like the US one does) but even the blog I linked to, you can see someone in the continental US who needs to hang their watch from their window blinds for syncing to work reliably.
I even looked into hacking my own transmitter (https://github.com/hzeller/txtempus) before giving up and just buying one of the models with bluetooth phone sync.
It'd be nice if something like this could be maintained long term. The US, UK and Germany signals have been working since the ~1960s.
There was also a special number to dial that was called Information. When I was about 12, I suddenly thought that’s amazing, you can just call and get information. What I didn’t know at the time was that it only applied to phone numbers.
One day, I called Information and asked them how accurate the time number was and what mechanism was used to deliver it. Incredibly, they connected my preadolescent self to a public relations person at AT&T. That person somehow took me seriously and hooked me up with another party. And that person told me about the cesium atomic clock used to keep track of the time.
Later, I would call Information to find out the acreage occupied by the Los Angeles Zoo, and it was then that they brusquely explained to me that the number was not for general knowledge.
[0] https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-di...
It was a female voice that said something that could be translated to “the signal will mark it is <time>,” and, the funny thing is, between the way it had been recorded and the fact that signal (señal) and lady (señora) can sound very similar in Spanish when over the phone and followed by a vowel (“indicará” for will mark in this case), a lot of us thought it said “the lady will mark” and, as a little kid, I thought there was an old time-keeping lady on whom we all depended to be in sync. Miss NTP I guess!
https://se.au/notes/george-the-talking-clock-lives-on/
Number Region
02 8403 1194 Sydney/Melbourne/Canberra
08 7078 7794 Adelaide
07 3667 9594 Brisbane
08 7918 0808 Darwin
08 6244 3294 Perth
Plus you can hear two signals from NIST themselves:
(303) 499-7111 - WWV (John Doyle)
(808) 335-4363 - WWVH (Jane Barbe) - in Hawaii, might cost extra to call depending on plan
And there are these two offered by US Naval Observatory in Washington
(202) 762-1069
(202) 762-1401
Plenty more out there if you do some Googling.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_exchange_names#Stand...
76x-nnnn: POplar, POrter, ROckwell, ROger(s), SOuth(field)
You mean popcorn?
It reminds me of two things. When I was a child I was given a postage stamp and wrote a letter to "Wallace and Gromit Ltd" and posted it. Remarkably, I got a reply from Aardman Animations with a card signed by Nick Park himself. Someone at Royal Mail obviously understood and looked up the real address of the studio.
Later as a teen I noticed the clock on our oven displayed "24:00" at midnight instead of the more conventional "0:00"[0]. I wrote to the manufacturer (Neff) on a support channel and it actually got forwarded through several departments before I received a reply from an engineer quoting ISO8601 and how it doesn't actually specify that midnight has to be 0:00 (although, sadly, I never received a positive reason for why someone made the oven clock like this).
For those of us who remember such interactions it's even more frustrating when you find there's a dumb robot at the end of the line. Even if it's LLM powered. I actually asked ChatGPT what it would do with the Wallace and Gromit letter and it couldn't find the same solution. We lost a lot with Google-style faceless companies.
As for the time, in the UK we had (have?) "The Talking Clock" which you could get to by dialling 123. This was well enough known in 2001 to be a key part of this scene from The Office: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SdBCFV6qa3A&t=146
[0] I just looked this up again and, funnily enough, John Ward showed a similar oven on his YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_oLT7lWQ44
The only instant that could exist would be 24:00:00. If you told me it was 24:00:05, I'd say poppycock - that's tomorrow, 00:00:05 instead.
A clock is, at its core, a marriage of two components: a mechanism that oscillates, or ticks with a steady beat, and a device that counts those beats and displays the time
Yeah but more deeply time is a property of the universe that the clock including atomic clocks are tracking. Kant said it is 'schema' i.e. without understanding time we wouldn't even understand causality so it is the purest possible a-priori concept that doesn't rely on sensory input to learn about
This is why I like using my Alphadec system that splits the year into 26 chunks from A-Z <https://github.com/firasd/alphadec> as my working dir; eg. right now the current Alphadec is '2026_P5M7_200286' so my working dir is Documents/work/2026_P. That way there is a folder system automatically imposed on various .js or .py stuff without having to pre-create a taxonomy since 'time is schema'--I can estimate "that ffmpeg project was in Spring so it must be around 2026_F.."
I'll quote Einstein who said "time is what the clock says".
Alphadec is just a timezone free UTC encoding that works down the millisecond so I also use it for snapshots eg
myscript.py.backup.2026_P5G6_328054_Aug06.txt
Also, has anyone else ever used their Randomness Beacon? I once used it to settle an argument in a book club over which book to read next. It's basically a very fancy and high tech coin flip.
https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/interoperable-randomness-beac...
If you could have a atomic wristwatch and you travel around the world with it, you will have a very precise time for you, but you'll end up out of sync with almost every other atomic clock.
If you sync two atomic clocks and put one at the surface of the arctic ocean and another one on top of Mount Nevado in Peru, and leave them there for one million years, the clock in Peru will be 1.88 years ahead of the clock in the arctic.
That is a difference of 0.44 nanoseconds per day.
Don't quote me on that though.. I'm not a physicist.
The clocks would be off by less than a quarter second over a million years.
All released 2013-2015. Not sure what happened then for there to be suddenly two.
https://www.nist.gov/noac/success-story-chip-scale-atomic-cl...
I'm guessing the watches sold poorly and the chip packages are still large compared to a watch movement, so no new designs.
I can't imagine Breitling sells very many of these, they're huge heavy watches, if you're The Rock they probably look fine on your arm but the average tough guy can't justify owning a watch this expensive and if you're the 5'4" female CEO of a famous company you can afford the Emergency but it looks ridiculous and feels like you're carring a boulder on your wrist.
Like Concorde, sometimes we prove something was possible but it turns out it was unavoidably too expensive and annoying for it to make much sense in the market.
[Edit: Fix spelling of Concorde]
Once upon a time, decades ago, a "beacon" is just a primitive radio transmitter which when activated produces a clearly man-made signal (it sounds like a siren basically if you're listening to it). This works pretty good if people nearby know to look for it. Then COSPAS SARSAT is a "peaceful use" satellite technology, put some satellites up above the Earth, they relay the chosen emergency frequencies and now a human operator can "hear" that beacon from hundreds of miles away. So that's all the original Emergency does. Rescue this way was sometimes a long-shot, but you did not have better options.
But obviously now we can do a lot better, so eventually COSPAS SARSAT deprecated and then eventually eliminated that relay technology in favour of 406 MHz digital beacons. So now it can tell which beacon has been triggered, and you can add stuff like contact details to a database for the rescuers. This way when they get a beacon they can see the signal is Steve Smith, solo mountaineer, here's a contact number for Steve's mum, so before we commit a mountain rescue team to 18 hours of work we can verify whether Steve is currently up a mountain [maybe in urgent need of rescue] or whether he lost that beacon last month and is at home now watching Netflix.
Your point is well taken - I just wanted to be absolutely clear for anybody who might get one of these that the original Emergency is now basically just pretty and only a modern "Gen2" Emergency "works" for its stated purpose.