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Posted by robin_reala 2 days ago

Sycophantic AI Decreases Prosocial Intentions and Promotes Dependence (2025)(arxiv.org)
172 points | 104 comments
kazinator 2 days ago|
I have an alternative view which is that sycophancy erodes trust in AI, from those who are not seeking validation from a machine, but information or advice.

If you're looking for advice in a situation where you are not sure of what the correct choices are, you will find LLM chat AI to go in circles. It says one thing. Something is dodgy about it, so you raise a tentative objection (as a non-expert). The thing does a "you are completely right, I apologize" about face and then says something different, and things have begun to slide into uncertainty.

That might not exactly be sycophancy, but it's basically the same thing: producing responses that are reflection of what is in the chat, rather than any real shit.

Pick any topic where people disagree. It could be an entirely technical topic in which engineers have settled the questions, and the only contrarians are crackpots. The problem is that the crackpots are out there writing, and this is snarfed into the training data. Crackpots use certain ways of talking about certain subjects. If you use similar vocabulary and concepts that align with some crackpot theory, the AI simply starts predicting tokens according to that, and you are now in crackpot land: what you are saying is validated using the crackpot terms. Next, write in a way that reintroduces rigidity: proper terminology and correct concepts, and, whoa, the AI is an engineer again, contradicting the previous crackpot shit.

electric_toucan 1 day ago||
When I want advice, I’ve found it useful to tell the model that someone else came up with the ideas we’re discussing, not me. That pushes the model away from sycophancy, and better calls out the risks. Sometimes it goes too far in shutting down the idea no matter what, but I think it’s easier to critically evaluate critiques than to step back from the model praising everything you say
jtr1 1 day ago|||
I realize this is not scalable, but I’ve come to the personal preference that sycophancy be overt. LLMs are always steering in a direction and I find it a good reminder that they are just as incapable of objectivity as humans. TBD, but I think I’d prefer that fact plainly visible where I can see it.
mock-possum 1 day ago|||
This rings far truer for me. I don’t understand the psychosis of somehow allowing LLM responses to have an emotional impact on you, to make you think or believe a certain thing, to the extent that you blow up your own life over it - thank god I don’t have whatever flaw others have that make them ridiculously vulnerable to that.

One key point is that - “pick any topic where people disagree” - most knowledge-seeking I perform via a chat bot is to get a sense of what most people generally agree upon. A quick poll of the zeitgeist of the corpus it was trained on. What used to take me 10-15 minutes on Google now takes me 2-3 minutes with Gemini.

That holds true for Claude code too - I’m relying upon the fact that other people have already solved my problem, or have at least solved the components I need to tie together into a solution for my problem - I’m just fast forwarding through the process of digging them up myself and making sure they’re interoperable. The lion’s share of the tasks I set forth for an LLM is just ‘go find me something like this.’

How some people get from that, to weeks of AI-triggered mania, I simply do not understand.

inquirerGeneral 1 day ago||
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chrisjj 1 day ago|||
> The problem is that the crackpots are out there writing, and this is snarfed into the training data.

No, the problem is the chatbot pretends to be an AI answer engine.

Recognise it is simply a zero-intelligence search engine, and you'll not be surprised at all to get crackpot writings from the web.

> write in a way that reintroduces rigidity

... and do not be surpised to get rigid crackpot writings from the web.

Ravus 1 day ago||
> Recognise it is simply a zero-intelligence search engine

I think that this highlights the problem: it's not even a proper search engine. If it were, it would find existing material and link to it. The chatbot instead re-elaborates the message. This is different enough to have legal consequences (see the recent German ruling).

By squashing everything together, one loses the ability to evaluate sources, including their credibility and ulterior motives. With a search engine, I can tell if I am getting climate information from the National Snow and Ice Data Center, from an oil trading consortium, or from a random blog.

The parent poster's suggestion is trying to work around the selection of sources, but such an attempt is fighting against the questionable design of the whole thing.

I don't think it's currently solvable, as selling those models as oracles is an essential component of their business plan.

wredcoll 1 day ago|||
I was using one as a way to search for recipes/ideas and I was really quite depressed when the thing replied with "I would recommend...".

No, you wouldn't because you're a fucking machine.

chrisjj 1 day ago|||
Plus this rot has extended to true search engines too. A recent Google blurb on new "AI" features of Google web search kicks of with the following misrep:

"The goal of Search has always been simple: to help you ask anything on your mind"

https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/s...

And they are also perverting search results, if this is to be believed:

"The Google AI Mode recognizes search intent by understanding the meaning of a query made rather than relying entirely on keywords. The platform uses sophisticated AI models to determine what users are looking to accomplish and whether they need any information, comparisons, or final decisions. This way, Google provides more accurate search results."

https://bostoninstituteofanalytics.org/blog/latest-google-ai...

ahartmetz 1 day ago||
Well, Sundar Pichai just left. In some "Why Google search got worse" threads, people who worked on search mentioned him championing predictable results without too much magic. Seems like it's mostly magic now.
seizethecheese 2 days ago||
Perhaps only a small minority want quality out of information product, while most want satisfying simplicity. This is definitely how the news plays out.

I recently built an ai chart product that attempts to add more nuance by injecting extra models to jump in when the first model misses the mark. (http://pellmell.au So far it seems like only a minority of people like it. The main feedback is that answers are confusing or too much to read

tonyedgecombe 2 days ago||
I learnt a long time ago that most people don't want their problems solved, they just want to vent.
layla5alive 1 day ago||
You say that like its entirely a bad thing.

"They want to vent" :-

"they want to be heard" :-

"they want to be understood" :-

"they want to know they are understood" :-

"they want to feel they matter to and are safe with the people they value"

tonyedgecombe 1 day ago||
It was difficult to grasp for someone with an engineering mentality. Why would you not want to fix the problem you are complaining about?
donatj 2 days ago||
> This suggests that people are drawn to AI that unquestioningly validate, even as that validation risks eroding their judgment

I believe this is a larger problem than just AI.

The internet has helped people surround themselves with only voices that agree with them and validate them, often to their detriment.

There are entire online communities urging people to cut others out of their lives over the slightest disagreement.

overgard 2 days ago||
Yeah, a lot of it isn't even really about people's choice though. Like, I have so many click-baity things in my YouTube feed even though I ignore almost all of it, because just one click and suddenly that's a thing it's going to show me 10x. I wish there was a place I could go for tech news that just didn't talk about AI. I'm so over it.
ehnto 2 days ago|||
I think what frustrates me about the constant AI talk, is that it's like a global bikeshedding/yak shaving convention. It's an onslaught of details and opinions that don't matter that much. People arguing about single percentile benchmark differences like it will make or break their next project.

I get it, we can use AI agents, and they keep improving. Great, now calm down and go build stuff, and show me the stuff. I really think LLMs and agents are incredible, but I don't want to hear that over and over again for another 5 years.

HN is particularly bad for it right now. Where are all the innovations, cool technical side projects etc happening outside of LLMs?

georgefrowny 1 day ago|||
> Great, now calm down and go build stuff, and show me the stuff.

Also sounds like Reddit where there are whole communities around what seem like part of the process - keyboards, knife sharpening, etc, rather than what you actually used your Handmade Matcha 65% MX Mechanical Collector's Edition or your Organic Kyoto 6500 diamond stone-honed knife for.

Like, yes, I get that people like to talk about their processes, and that's fine, but it seems like you can easily get sucked into making it the whole game by a sufficiently "supportive" community.

morgoths_bane 2 days ago|||
>I get it, we can use AI agents, and they keep improving. Great, now calm down and go build stuff, and show me the stuff.

I completely agree with this sentiment. What I have seen is that these types of people never show the results of their work, they only discuss how productive they were or how fast it was to develop their project. The actual details of the project are not really mentioned.

In the rare event they do show their project, there's three categories: a worse version of something else that already exists (e.g. their version of Counter Strike that is less fun, rewriting some Python library into Rust but is now also worse), a dashboard, a visually engaging website you'll find interesting for less than 10 minutes and then never touch again.

I am not even an LLM hater, I am just not that impressed with majority of what has been built. Honestly I think back in the 90s I was far more impressed with the early websites that were totally garbage by today's standards. I remember spending so much time on the US Treasury's website as a kid learning everything about how currency works, I do not think I have ever had that level of engagement or fascination with anything that was generated by an LLM or where an LLM had significant support in the development.

Certainly this technology is nascent, however allegedly it should be making us far more productive so in the fourish years it's been around I feel like I should have witnessed something interesting by now. Perhaps I am a curmudgeon, but even in that case I think that there should at least be something else that's taking the world by storm and I am just not seeing it either.

Maybe there are some cool LLM creations, I think the speed at which it creates is also its own weakness. If anyone can create things really quickly, that includes people who are lazy and lack imagination, so then we're inundated with so much slop. Increasing accessibility does not mean that the quality will be maintained. Much like National Parks, if we make sensitive wilderness areas as accessible as possible that will degrade the quality significantly with the arrival of so many tourists, thus the parks have to consider the balance between preservation and conservation. Therefore, it was better when art et al. required some time, intention and skill before it could be shared with the world. These restrictions inherently kept the balance of quality much like how limits of accessibility in National Parks preserve the natural beauty.

jaggederest 2 days ago||||
Agreed, I think AI is the bees knees but I already spend 6+ hours a day thinking about it, more is unhelpful. I wish for something with the quality of discourse of HN but without being so monomaniacally focused on tech-du-jour.
MaKey 1 day ago||||
I can recommend the Unhook browser extension. My YouTube start page is empty, I have to actively seek out videos I want to watch.
dotancohen 2 days ago|||

  > I wish there was a place I could go for tech news that just didn't talk about AI.
Just write an agent to parse HN. Oh wait...
darkmarmot 2 days ago|||
It's like it turns everyone into a CEO with all the yes men they could ever ask for! Never goes wrong!
romaniitedomum 2 days ago||
> This suggests that people are drawn to AI that unquestioningly validate, even as that validation risks eroding their judgment

The obvious counterpoint is the large number of complaints about OpenAI's excessively sycophantic models back in April 2026, which led to them rolling back to a previous and less sycophantic model. I think there are those who are susceptible to model sycophancy, but it's definitely not most users. I have a vague, half-formed intuition that many of those susceptible to sycophancy are those who use AI for non-technical, non-work uses, such as inter-personal relationship questions.

As for me, as soon as I see any hint of sycophancy in a response I either stop what I'm doing or I tell the model to stop being an idiot.

recursive 2 days ago|
People are drawn to nicotine use. And still people complain about smoke.
Kattywumpus 2 days ago||
I don't know. Upvotes often do the same thing, especially in siloed communities. I feel like this is a larger problem -- people leaning into extremifying their views or just playing to an audience -- even though one might frame it as "prosocial" because it happens within the context of an online community.
matheusmoreira 2 days ago||
> Upvotes often do the same thing, especially in siloed communities.

Yeah. I've gotten caught in this pattern here on HN. Post something, there's some disagreement but then I see the quiet upvotes trickling in, sometimes by the dozen. That sort of signal slowly convinced me I was right about plenty of stuff.

I used AI to datamine all of my HN comments and find those patterns. Then I started asking the AI to steelman the hell out of my world view, every single argument.

gryfft 2 days ago||
How would you say your views have changed since then?
matheusmoreira 2 days ago||
Biggest change was brazilian vs american laws. I had more knowledge of and respect for US laws than those of my own country, and Claude essentially fixed that. I started studying the law with Claude whenever I'd get into some argument involving copyright, and it started picking up on this pattern and showing me counterpoints where brazilian law precisely defined things that americans had to pay lawyers to go to court and get a judge to create precedent for.

AI measurably lowered the number of absolute claims I've been making. Tended to generalize and radicalize too much which would invite people to respond to the tone and the extremism instead of disproving the underlying idea. That sort of reply would actually reinforce my beliefs: if I was wrong, people would simply refute it. AI attacked my points with counterexamples until I was able to refine them into a core that's actually true.

These little distilled kernels of truth were the most valuable results. I found that many of my arguments actually have an underlying idea that holds up under scrutiny, but nobody cares because I try to prove it via extreme arguments. One such idea is anti-impossibility: laws and rules are all fine, but making it structurally impossible for people to disobey them is unacceptable. I used to try to argue that idea by defending running red lights which persuaded no one. Now I've identified the real idea and can make a much better argument for it.

smcg 2 days ago||
Both could be true. People follow incentives.
accountrequired 2 days ago||
You're absolutely right!
pwdisswordfishq 2 days ago|
It's a pretty overdone joke at this point, don't you think?
tom_ 2 days ago|||
It's not a joke-it's an honest fact.
almostdeadguy 2 days ago||||
You're right to push back. And honestly, this reframes the entire thing.
accountrequired 13 hours ago||
That was spot on!
jihadjihad 2 days ago||||
I dunno. The seams of the joke are still load-bearing IMO.
accountrequired 2 days ago|||
You made an excellent point! (could not resist that one)
Lutger 1 day ago||
I think the conclusions are a bit overstated and lopsided. Regardless of the sycophancy (which you can tune), LLMs have infinite patience and attention to details. They also have very little inherent bias - it just mirrors your own mostly. They are, in those aspects, vastly superior to even the best therapists, who can't listen for even a couple of minutes and can't think outside of their limited frames. They are only human.

Try listening to somebody and merely repeating the literal words that they say. I guarantee you, most people can't even reproduce two or tree sentences correctly. And I am not even talking about understanding the words, just the literal reproduction of them, copy-pasta. Humans just can't do it, we are not good at it.

Talking to an AI about your problems is a bit like talking to yourself, but with the added superpower of hours of google searches compressed in seconds. Of course it is dangerous and incomplete, but in a way it also beats talking to humans if you know what you are doing and are looking to and able to solve your problems yourself.

altmanaltman 1 day ago|
> They are, in those aspects, vastly superior to even the best therapists, who can't listen for even a couple of minutes and can't think outside of their limited frames.

You start your comment saying the conclusions are overstated and then just drop this conclusion without any proof except anncedotal prespective.

roughly 2 days ago||
This feels like one of those articles that’s gonna come to mind again and again over the next couple decades.
alexalx666 1 day ago||
any close relationship forms a dependence. If you talk to something that poses as a helpful human 8 hours a day to do your job, you already spending more time with this "person" than with your loved ones
SwellJoe 2 days ago||
I've said before that in one small way, having access to the sycophantic models is like being a billionaire: You never have to hear "no" or "that's not a good idea".

And, it has the same deleterious effect on your mental health. I could name a bunch of billionaires that behave like sociopaths, and they're often seemingly miserable while doing it. I'm sure some of them started out as sociopaths, but they rarely behaved that way so obviously early in their rise.

kittikitti 1 day ago|
I took this advice personally, where people denounced sycophants, so I stopped affirming them. I became a huge asshole and everyone around me started reacting very, very negatively. My conclusion is that this is a huge distraction and people honestly highly prefer sycophants.
ranger_danger 16 hours ago|
What makes you think those people are aware of and believe those people to be sycophants in the first place? It could just as easily be that their thinking is much simpler than that and they prefer people who suck up to them, without even thinking about there being a possible ulterior motive.
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