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Posted by giuliomagnifico 1 day ago

How Americans view capitalism, socialism and free enterprise(news.gallup.com)
55 points | 115 comments
ozlikethewizard 1 day ago|
Regardless of your actual views on the systems, as a non-american it's absolutely insane that so many people are incapable of thinking of one positive of a socialist economic system. I wouldn't describe myself as either a socialist or a capatalist, but with just a cursory ponder I can think of several benefits to both. The complete inability for critical thinking is quite saddening, and quite worrying considering america's influence.
pickleglitch 1 day ago||
I'm convinced most Americans have no idea what socialism means, or even what capitalism means.
scoofy 1 day ago|||
I'm convinced the vast majority of people use the terms "capitalism" and "socialism" to mean whatever is convenient in the argument they are having.

Capitalism and socialism are about ownership of the means of production.

While most economies are mixed. Nations typically associated with "socialism" like Sweden and Denmark are mostly capitalist. Nations like Bolivia and Venezuela are the ones that are actually mostly socialist.

It's entirely possible to have a highly redistributive capitalist country, with a strong social safety net. It's also entirely possible to have a socialist country with extreme wealth inequality and a terrible social safety net. It just depends on how things are structured.

ozlikethewizard 1 day ago||||
The other reply certainly supports this view
jfengel 1 day ago||||
That also includes self-described supporters of socialism, who almost always mean something closer to social democracy. They tend to point to places like Scandinavia, who are absolutely capitalist. They just have better social safety nets.

They're misusing the term, but at least they're reasonably consistent about it. The opponents of "socialism" tend to point to places like the Soviet Union as proof that "socialism" cannot work. And when supporters point to the success of Scandinavian-type policies, opponents insist it cannot work because it's socialism.

We could have had some kind of honest discussion about which social safety net policies are worth having. Instead we're stuck in arguments about dictionaries.

pickleglitch 1 day ago||
It doesn't help that we've been drowning in propaganda that says "capitalism = freedom" and "socialism = oppression" since forever.
tstrimple 1 day ago|||
Socialism is when the government does things I don't like. It's really not more complicated than that. People stating these things are some of the most ignorant in modern humanity. But they also represent like a third of the population in the US as depressing as that is. They are literally why we cannot have nice things.
rawgabbit 1 day ago|||
Words in American politics have lost their original meaning. Words in American politics mean whatever the national committee say they mean for that week.

Communism means everyone who opposes Trump.

Freedom means parroting whatever nonsense Trump says today.

Socialism means everyone who rejects the current corporate oligarchs.

jjav 1 day ago||
> Freedom means parroting whatever nonsense Trump says today.

But even more contradictorily, to them "freedom" means violently eliminating all freedoms (of press, assembly, protest, personal liberties) that don't align with worshipping the current president.

mytailorisrich 1 day ago||
What I think is "absolutely insane" is how oblivious of recent history people are. Up until the 1980s half of Europe was socialist, and it is at that time that China started moving away from a socialist economy, too. It was abandoned everywhere.
ozlikethewizard 1 day ago||
Not entirely sure what that has to do with what I was saying? Unless you're trying to provide an example of a lack of critical thinking? China is an excellent example, while they have moved to a state managed capitalist market style economy now (one in which you get the best of both worlds, the average person is ground under the wheels of capitalism at the direction of the state), their flavour of socialism was incredibly effective at modernisation. Whether you consider that conceptually good or bad is personal (healthcare, literacy, poverty uplift, etc vs the many negative externalities of industrialisation), but you can't say it wasn't effective.
mytailorisrich 20 hours ago||
The point is that they became effective when they abandoned socialism as the economic doctrine. So there is no such thing as "their flavour of socialism". The 20th century showed that socialism does not work and fails dramatically.

As for healthcare, unfortunately that has been a collateral victim of this. Benefits used to be tied to the "work unit" in a very traditional socialist style (soviet, commune, etc) but this disappeared when socialism was abandoned and now either you can pay or you die.

TrackerFF 1 day ago||
The problem in the US, is that historically all flavors of socialism have been painted the same way as communism. So in the end it has been capitalism vs socialism, no room in the middle.

And whenever countries with social democratic systems, or in general countries with strong socialist influences are presented to the public, the billionaire-pundits scramble to downplay their living standards.

Take this world cup, for example. You have Fox news pundits tripping over themselves to tell the audience that Europeans don't have AC, don't get ice with their drinks, or whatever.

oblongdefeat 1 day ago|
The funny part is that the era commonly referred to as "the golden age of capitalism" (post New Deal, post WWII) in the US is the period of time where it was the most "socialist".
sph 1 day ago||
“Socialism never took root in America because the poor see themselves not as an exploited proletariat but as temporarily embarrassed millionaires.”

— John Steinbeck, still as relevant as ever

klatchex_too 1 day ago||
>> “Socialism never took root in America because the poor see themselves not as an exploited proletariat but as temporarily embarrassed millionaires.”

Steinbeck never said or wrote that, as far as I can tell.

He did write a passage that maybe was paraphrased that way, but let's be clear here, he was talking about Communism, and revolutionary Communism, not socialism:

"Except for the field organizers of strikes, who were pretty tough monkeys and devoted, most of the so-called Communists I met were middle-class, middle-aged people playing a game of dreams. I remember a woman in easy circumstances saying to another even more affluent: “After the revolution even we will have more, won’t we, dear?” Then there was another lover of proletarians who used to raise hell with Sunday picnickers on her property.

I guess the trouble was that we didn’t have any self-admitted proletarians. Everyone was a temporarily embarrassed capitalist. Maybe the Communists so closely questioned by the investigation committees were a danger to America, but the ones I knew — at least they claimed to be Communists — couldn’t have disrupted a Sunday-school picnic. Besides they were too busy fighting among themselves."

Steinbeck was a communist in the 1930s, he belonged to a communist organization and wrote for a communist publication. He wrote the above passage in the 1960s looking back on that period. To me it seems like he is trying to minimize his participation in revolutionary communism, as one would naturally do in the 1960s. Maybe I'm overly skeptical and he just grew up.

He did not write or say what you quoted him as saying.

Looks like the definition of "proletarian" is a member of "the class of industrial workers who lack their own means of production and hence sell their labor to live". I did that for some time, retired now. Don't know what about that category of person means they are expected to support communism.

I don't.

jfengel 1 day ago||
In a lot of ways, the same happened in the Soviet Union. The poor farmers were never socialists. Socialism was imposed on them by upper-middle-class intellectuals.

The poor farmers wanted to stop being serfs, but only so that they could own their own land. That wouldn't make them quite millionaires, but they imagined that they'd be comfortably-well-off. (Today, a millionaire is not much more than comfortably-well-off, but in Steinbeck's time it put you in Jay Gatsby territory.)

So the proper socialist revolution never happened. The workers never got control of the means of production. It just passed from an obscenely-wealthy autocrat to a bunch of oligarchs, who promptly made themselves wealthy.

It does seem to be pretty good evidence that the socialist revolution is never coming. Even if it's in everybody's best interest on paper, it's too hard to get them all on the same page. It's a kind of Prisoner's Dilemma: there are just too many reasons for people to conclude that their short-term interest outweighs the global long-term interest.

ocius 1 day ago||
Most such discussion suffer from an inadequate definition of what is meant by "socialism" vs what is meant by "capitalism". The most important aspect to me is ownership / control of the means of production, and I think there are very interesting compromises to be had in between extremes. What I mean: imagine if it was normal for companies to pay out a large part of their earnings to their employees. This does exist, of course, in some of the best companies, but is not widely spread and even when in place, the share of profit going to the employees is too small. Another share could still go to shareholders that "didn't work" for the profit to incentivize investments. Seems like a small change that could have a huge impact on wealth distribution.
anthony_d 1 day ago|
I think I like the suggestion, but it’s firmly on the capitalism end of the spectrum. Profit sharing is one of the incentives I look at when looking for a job. Not too far off from employee stock programs or matching 401k with company stock.

If you had suggested the “public” get a share of the profits then you start touching socialism but then I’d also hate the suggestion.

ocius 1 day ago|||
The public already gets its share via taxes, I'd argue, the problem that I see right now is really that the wins for the employees are (usually) limited to their salary, whereas owners get everything that's left over. And the more you already have, the more you are able to gain..
anthony_d 1 day ago|||
I can see the point but degree matters. If taxes are socialism then the world is essentially 100% socialist, and the word is essentially meaningless.

ChatGPT says 75-80% of business wealth in US is in publicly traded companies, so I’m skeptical the term owner is super useful either.

tstrimple 1 day ago|||
> The public already gets its share via taxes,

You need to demonstrate this with receipts. Most of what I see are large corporations getting tax breaks regardless of job or wealth creation within an area. The idea that the public is offset by taxes on corporations is quite fucking ridiculous to anyone who pays any attention to what effective rates corporations pay.

lotsofpulp 1 day ago|||
I would bet for most people, employee stock programs or company stock will provide far lower and more volatile return than an SP500 index fund. The US public has long been able to benefit from profit sharing, all they have to do is by a low cost broad market index fund.

The root of the problem is that the labor that most people in the US sell is not in sufficiently high demand to afford them the compensation to be able to afford the lifestyle they expect, since they are competing with the rest of the world willing to do it for less.

ocius 1 day ago||
Regarding the first point: owners typically pay themselves a salary in addition to owning the company and thus benefit from both. Employees do not have this advantage.

The two problems are not mutually exclusive, and certainly unskilled labour is a significant problem for a good fraction of the population; but if this were the only problem, then we wouldn't see the amount of wealth concentration and decoupling of productivity from income that we observe.

lotsofpulp 1 day ago||
There is no guarantee in both the owners salary or equity growing (just like an employee has no guarantee of having their job tomorrow).

The wealth concentration is a combination of government policy rewarding asset owners and automation and communication and transportation technologies increasing competition for labor sellers.

The automation also allows enormous economies of scale such that fewer businesses can do it all, which is also why you see wealth concentration.

scoofy 1 day ago||
I live in SF and the biggest issue I see regularly with this debate is that most Americans seem to be conflating "capitalism" with various things that aren't directly related.

First, I see Americans regularly conflating "socialism" to "wealth redistribution" and "capitalism" to "no taxes."

Second, I see many folks conflating high-trust cooperation to "socialism" and low-trust hostility to "capitalism."

Ultimately, capitalism and socialism is about who owns the means of production. While most economies are mixed, the countries we point to as socialism aren't actually socialist. They're just redistributive, high-trust capitalism. Sweden, Denmark, and Germany are predominantly capitalist countries. Bolivia and Venezuela are predominantly socialist countries.

vintermann 1 day ago||
It's not always clear who controls the means of production. It certainly isn't always the people who formally is supposed to - whether we're talking about a "capitalist" or "socialist" government.
soco 1 day ago|
Reality check: the workers never control the means of production. Not even in communist states, not even in China. On paper? Sure, paper is forgiving. But the oligarchy, either by party or by money, does what they want. The only enclaves where the workers own it is in small cooperatives (mostly insignificant).
phs318u 1 day ago|||
I always thought that those that can deny something control it. The workers, by withdrawing their labour, have effective control. However it’s rarely exercised and I think that’s partly because of lack of belief that it’s true.

These days of course, workers’ days are numbered as automation will eventually make them extinct.

vintermann 1 day ago||
It's not just lack of belief, it's a coordination problem.

Just because we admit to ourselves that it probably won't end well if we keep allowing the powerful to use their power to get ever more power, for us personally it can be profitable to go along with it. Or too risky to go against it.

soco 1 day ago||
The "iron law of oligarchy" (Robert Michels) says that any large organizations will be controlled by a small organized leadership - so the organized minority will control it.
vintermann 1 day ago||||
As I said, it's always uncertain how much power is in the hands of those who nominally are supposed to have it.

But it's also not an either-or. I view states as more socialist the less power is concentrated with a few.

And in non-militarized states, that's a lot about how concentrated wealth is.

ozlikethewizard 1 day ago|||
Not sure we can really define China as a communist state, particularly nowadays. Their economy is essentially just state managed capitalism now, which is probably economically closer to facism than it is communism.
thelastgallon 1 day ago||
Socialism is only for the super-duper rich, the 0.001%. Too big to fail, trickle down economics and all that.

Capitalism for the poor, you gotta pull yourself up by the bootstraps. If you ain't successful, you aren't working hard enough.

nostrademons 1 day ago||
Makes me wonder how many of the complaints about capitalism are really about corruption, and if people would have a more favorable view of it if we didn't have this system of interlocking directorships, revolving public/private appointments, regulatory capture, and backroom handshakes between government and corporations that seems to shut many Americans out of the capitalist wealth-creation engine.
Bjartr 1 day ago|||
I think part of it is that it can be argued that benefitting from such corruption within the system is itself a capitalistic action and therefore justifiable from within.

Pursuing regulatory capture is just one action of many for maximizing shareholder value, to the point that not doing so is arguably a failure of leadership. At least to some. (To be clear, I disagree with this in principle)

hellisothers 1 day ago||
But are either of these Capitalism? Sure they’re capitalist in the way the world works but the OP is touching on ideals and theory.
inigyou 1 day ago||||
Could it be that capitalism implies or causes corruption?
timacles 1 day ago|||
I’m thinking any human made system implies corruption
therealdrag0 1 day ago||||
Corruption of what?
lapcat 1 day ago|||
I would say that private financing of election campaigns causes corruption. It becomes one dollar one vote instead of one person one vote.
Ekaros 1 day ago||
Financing election campaigns is corruption. Then again I suppose you can't operate elections without some type of campaigning happening someway... So how to fix it is nearly unsolvable question.
jodrellblank 1 day ago||||
I wonder if people would have a more favorable view of it if it wasn't a way to whitewash the wealthy crushing the poor as if they were a commodity like stones, and then direct blame onto the poor for not working hard enough, and present the crushing as virtuous.

As a parlour game for the wealthy to use markets to find the best price for a slab of marble or a Faberge egg, it's fine. As a system for finding the best price for a loaf of bread which doesn't take into account how close to starving someone's family is, it's terrible.

As a system where an insurance company puts a number on a spreadsheet for the risk of a warehouse full of wood burning down and the owner uses that to decide whether to install a fire alarm and sprinkler system, it's fine. As a system where the owner uses that to decide whether to install a fire alarm and sprinkler system in an office based on how expensive it is to replace the dead employees, it's terrible. When the employer can't put a sprinkler system in because any competitor which doesn't can undercut prices, it's terrible. [Regulation which says offices must have fire alarms does not fix the general class of this race-to-the-bottom / exploit inhumanely as hard as possible problem].

When people can use contracts to come together to build a rocket engine, it's fine. When the idea is that you would use your perfect knowledge of everything down to whether a workplace has a fire alarm before deciding whether to accept a contract, it's ridiculous. You don't have enough lifetime or cynicism to find all the nooks and crannies people will be trying to cut corners with your life and safety. When the idea is that humans are rational and cannot be manipulated, it's ridiculous. When the practical result of that is that the wealthy can tell the employees that unions are bad, it's terrible. Note that this isn't classical corruption because the wealthy might believe that's true (unions harm the wealthy!), it's a problem of wealthy having lawyers and marketers to spread their message and nannys to free up time for them to learn things, vs others having no spare time or effort or assistance to counter it.

As a system where the person with the best use for a piece of land can buy it and use it, it's fine. As a system where employees have a 2 hour commute because all the homes closer have been bought up by the wealthy who don't even live in their spare homes, and this effect keeps one class of people as 'employees' because they have neither time nor effort nor opportunity to do anything about it, it sucks.

If we all had a magical base quality of life and could "play at capitalism" as a parlour game where the points don't matter the consequences are abstract - you know, like the rich do - then a lot more people would like it.

Consider the situation where 'Capitalism rewards risk' but the only sensible advice for what to do with your money is to invest it in a diversified index fund because anything else is risky. If you do that and stay relatively poor, you aren't taking enough risk to get rich, you idiot, get good. If you take risk and lose, you're an idiot who should have known better and invested in something else "like I did". If you take a risk and win, then you can play off your "lottery win" as you being a more meritorious capitalist. This leads to a situation where the more desperately someone needs money, the less risk they can afford to take to get money, trapping people at the bottom. The less they can afford lawyers to review contracts, the less they can afford to wait and consider their options, the less they can afford to travel for more options, the fewer options they have in terms of borrowing or terms of renting.

As a haves-get-richer, have-nots-get-screwed system, it's bad - at least, unfair, inhumane, eploitative, cruel.

ifwinterco 1 day ago|||
The US is not really capitalist, it’s an oligarchy - a small number of people like Larry Ellison essentially control everything.

It’s always been like that, even going back to the 19th century and the robber barons of the gilded age

ozlikethewizard 1 day ago|||
That is the natural end state of capitalism though? Capital begets more capital, eventually concentrating power as far as possible. Sure you get upstarts here and there, particularly with technological innovation, but the trend is always consistent.
ifwinterco 1 day ago||
Arguably the natural end state of every system to be honest. Power, money and influence were concentrated in the Soviet Union, they're concentrated in modern day China...
ozlikethewizard 1 day ago||
Wouldn't argue. I guess the difference is philosophical. Capitalism is designed to reach that end goal, the very nature of capital growth requires consolidation. Philosophically, both the USSRs & China's implementations of socialism were "intended" to be pathways to communism, where power is controlled communally. The fact that no country has managed to transition out of the socialist state into communism is a pretty damning indictment of it though, power corrupts in all it's forms.
jjav 1 day ago||||
> The US is not really capitalist, it’s an oligarchy - a small number of people like Larry Ellison essentially control everything.

This oligarchy is the inevitable conclusion of capitalism, unless there are regulations in place to preserve competition. The last time the US had significant enforcement in this area was the early 80s (AT&T), so of course we have an oligarchy.

lapcat 1 day ago|||
This was by design of the oligarchic founders, who were very skeptical of the majority, so it goes back to the 18th century too.
ifwinterco 1 day ago||
To be fair the US has been an extremely successful country all things considered, so maybe they were onto something
lapcat 1 day ago||
At its founding, the United States and the founders themselves exploited slave labor, so I wouldn't be so quick to praise what they were onto. There's also the matter of ethnic cleansing the Native Americans.
dist-epoch 1 day ago|||
Too Big To Jail, official US attorney general position, never forget:

> Attorney General Eric Holder on Wednesday sought to walk back comments that some financial institutions may be too large to prosecute, telling lawmakers at a lively Capitol Hill hearing that no single bank is above the law.

> In a March appearance before the Senate Judiciary Committee, Holder testified that big banks’ clout “has an inhibiting impact” on prosecutions. As he explained: I am concerned that the size of some of these institutions becomes so large that it does become difficult to prosecute them

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/eric-holder-backt...

vintermann 1 day ago|||
I agree with the sentiment, but that's really about welfare, not socialism. You can still have welfare in a state where control of the means of production is in a few, private hands. As I recall some big ideologues of capitalism wanted that, or at least took it for granted that we would have to have it for the system to be stable.
jfengel 1 day ago||
I don't like getting wrapped up in lexicography, but any meaningful definition of socialism has to include government ownership of the means of production. What the super-rich want is government protection for them, but they don't want to government taking over their property. So it confuses the issue to call it "socialism".

It's certainly the case that the rich want protections that they deny everybody else, in ways that run counter to the dictates of capitalism. But it's not "socialism". It's just really bad capitalism.

pizzaiolo 1 day ago||
The caveat for anyone outside of the United States is that what they call "socialism" is really just capitalism with a welfare state.
TheOtherHobbes 1 day ago||
Which the US has anyway, albeit in a patchier form than other countries, and with welfare handed out more to corporations and "sponsors" than individuals.
vjvjvjvjghv 1 day ago|||
The US has the same attributes that most European countries have. Just to a different degree. Socialized healthcare (for some), welfare, free markets (with restrictions), the state heavily involved in steering the economy . It’s all the same just with emphasis on different aspects. The US would be way better off if they accepted that fact and didn’t tell themselves that they are so different from these socialist/communist countries.

A lot of the inefficiencies in areas like health care comes from the fact that the US does things that they don’t really want to accept that they are doing them.

DamonHD 1 day ago|||
I don't see how a shared currency (between poor and rich states, with the subsidy flows that implies), a national air-traffic control system and the interstates, amongst many other features, are not "socialism".
preg_match 1 day ago|||
To be fair, if any of those were proposed today, Republicans would absolutely lose their minds and it would never pass. Basically everything somewhat "good" about the US comes from vaguely-socialist policy making in the 20th century. Nobody will say it out loud, but we all know it's true. Living in America if the New Deal never happened would be absolutely miserable.
lotsofpulp 1 day ago|||
The majority of federal government spending is a wealth transfer to old and poor people:

https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/americas-finance-guide/feder...

That’s also an easy sign of socialism. Just not all of society benefits. Not to mention the state and local level stuff via Medicaid and property tax subsidies for old people, too.

And then there’s the implicit monetary policy of putting asset owners ahead of income earners by debasing the currency.

soco 1 day ago|||
Funny how subsidies to megacorps and tax exemptions are never "wealth transfer" just daily business.
lotsofpulp 1 day ago||
Those are also wealth transfers. I don't have that statistic to easily pull up, but the federal government has a nice website to easily show an example, one that happens to dwarf all the others in dollar amount.
myrmidon 1 day ago|||
> The majority of federal government spending is a wealth transfer to old and poor people

Sorry, but that's a ridiculous take.

Thats just like saying that public schools are a wealth transfer from the working class to students, or that health insurance is a wealth transfer to old and sick people.

It's neither useful nor precise. Things are never an actual "wealth transfer" when both sides consider it worthwhile-- that's just an ordinary trade.

lotsofpulp 1 day ago||
>Thats just like saying that public schools are a wealth transfer from the working class to students

>or that health insurance is a wealth transfer to old and sick people

Both of these are also true statements.

>Things are never an actual "wealth transfer" when both sides consider it worthwhile-- that's just an ordinary trade.

It's not an ordinary trade, it's a forced payment via the government's monopoly on violence, which is why it falls into a wealth transfer. I would consider it (mostly) worthwhile when it's students because they turn into future workers.

However, I would prefer to opt out of social security and old age healthcare tax (Medicare) because I will be getting less into the system than I pay into the system. That is an inevitable future due to demographics.

Note that I am not saying wealth transfers are categorically bad, just wanted to point out the hilarity of a country that can spend $1T+ per year on wealth transfers and still be afraid of "socialism". And it's far more than $1T, because the health insurance mandate to not price health insurance based on health risks is another massive wealth transfer probably worth at least another trillion.

therealdrag0 1 day ago|||
Who is they? Did the poll define it like that or are you projecting into the minds of the populace?
bee_rider 1 day ago||
That’s what some politicians here mean when they say it. The poll seems to indicate pretty negative results for “socialism,” which seems less likely if people were just interpreting it as capitalism+safetynet, right?
RickJWagner 1 day ago|
I’d like to understand how they defined capitalism vs free enterprise for the poll participants.

I’m encouraged by parts of the poll, especially independents responses. I think a good many Americans perceive benefits to some degree of socialism ( ie healthcare ), but without going overboard.

rebolek 1 day ago|
As I understand it, free enterprise is regulated environment to prevent monopolies, capitalism is unregulated which results in monopolies and kills free enterprise.
therealdrag0 1 day ago||
Capitalism is an economic system; free enterprise is just a principle or philosophy, which is often used in capitalism. Capitalism is about who owns productive assets (vs socialism); free enterprise is about who directs production and prices (vs command economy)
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