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Posted by Labo333 20 hours ago

Show HN: The load-bearing vocabulary of Claude(louisabraham.github.io)
416 points | 193 comments
nater5000 13 hours ago|
I was pleasantly surprised when I attempted to scroll down and realized everything the author wanted to present fit on-screen. It's almost ironic that this site is able to make such an obvious, compelling presentation without being overly verbose or complicated (something which LLMs have a hard time doing). I wouldn't read TOO deeply into what is being presented, but the author has done a good job to not inject their own bias into the presentation which works well.

I suspect, as we continue forward, humans will slowly start to adopt the language of LLMs, or at least certain language quirks that come from interacting with LLMs. Something I've noticed in my own writing is that I now present lists of examples in a consistent way: "... such as <example 1>, <example 2>, etc., ...". I started to notice I was using this pattern quite a bit somewhat recently, but I took a quick look at some of my social media posts and realized it's been occurring for a while. I had realized that I grown accustomed to this kind of language because, especially early on, LLMs would focus too much on the specific examples I'd provide when, really, I was just trying to give them a sense of what I was looking for. I just picked up that providing two examples then adding the "etc." worked to get the LLM to not focus so much on the specific examples and to understand that they need to consider more than what I explicitly presented. Of course, now I write like that in my social media comments, in Slack with my colleagues, etc. :>

I'd be interested to see if anyone can identify trends like this, since I think the human-language component of the adoption of LLMs is probably being somewhat neglected despite probably being surely dramatically affected.

Labo333 13 hours ago||
Author here :)

Thank you for the compliment! I did spend a lot of time designing a nice experience on both desktop and mobile. Even the scrollbar to select words was non trivial as I wanted the words to be of different size, yet avoid flickering when scrolling!

cube00 4 hours ago|||
I know HN prefers we focus on the content and not the design but I have join in to say that word scrolling experience was brilliant.

I was focused on the data initially scrolling through until I suddenly realised, wow, this is really nice!

black_rabbit_ 6 hours ago||||
You did a fantastic job; very to-the-point with effective visualisations. Kudos!

One very minor note: if your scroll device reports pixel-perfect deltas rather than discrete scroll-wheel ticks (e.g. logitech mx master, laptop touchpad, etc), the behaviour in the word search box is a bit weird. Arrow keys work fine though.

imp0cat 2 minutes ago|||
On a compatible Logitech device, browsing through the word search box benefits a lot from enabling hyperscroll.
Labo333 5 hours ago|||
Thank you!

I did test it with my mac touchpad without issue. Maybe the problem is that I wanted to make discrete scroll-wheel ticks work. I just tried a fix by normalising deltaMode to pixels.

If you could just paste this in your console, I would have a better idea:

    document.querySelector('.wall').addEventListener('wheel', e =>
      console.log(e.deltaMode, e.deltaY.toFixed(2), e.defaultPrevented ? 'PAGE' : 'native'), true)
matheusmoreira 3 hours ago||||
Mobile experience is great! Thanks for thinking of us!
c7b 10 hours ago||||
Congratulations! I was going to comment on the scroll field in particular when I saw this. I didn't even realize you had to hand-craft the component, but it's such a nice UI idea in general, the way the scrolling works and how the content above changes.
jelkand 10 hours ago|||
I just wanted to pop in and say that I found the site delightful. It’s aesthetic, concise, and everything works so quickly and responsively.
threecheese 11 hours ago|||
In the enterprise, we are already adopting them. “Seam”, I term I’d never heard used before, is now not only our defacto way to describe the boundary between systems/workflows/components, it is encoded into our organizational roles and responsibilities descriptions.

I am the proud owner of several seams, and am considering giving them person-names. The empty space between my inventory APIs and their clients might be “Karen”.

I can’t say that Claude invented this; the same type of terminology cycling happens every few quarters based on what leadership is reading/being told by Gartner.

rsanheim 10 hours ago|||
"seam" dates back to refactoring & software engineering literature that pre-date LLM use by 20 years -- see Working Effectively With Legacy Code for one example (https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/working-effectively-wit...). Its a great book, still use techniques from it everyday.

"load-bearing" I have never heard used for programming before Opus, and its incredibly annoying and over-used.

chucksmash 6 hours ago|||
+1, useful read!

Seam is used liberally throughout because it captures the idea well (i.e. a place where you can cleave ball of mud code apart to begin refactoring efforts in an isolated way) and that takes many different forms throughout the book whether that be via methods and classes, source files as a single unit, linker seams, on and on.

thewebguyd 10 hours ago||||
load-bearing was/is used frequently on the ops side of things, I assume the LLMs picked up from physical engineering texts or sysadmin type blogs.
Sharlin 7 hours ago||
"Load-bearing" is an apt metaphor in the https://xkcd.com/2347/ sense.
pcthrowaway 18 minutes ago|||
Or in the admin handover sense https://lastplacecomics.com/car-jacking/
bombcar 2 hours ago|||
I take it in a get-ye-flask mode.

http://www.hrwiki.org/wiki/Ye_Flask

SoftTalker 5 hours ago|||
I remember "cleavage" and "cleaves" from that vocabulary. Always made my adolescent brain chuckle.
chmod775 5 hours ago||||
"seam" is a cop-out term for when someone (usually AI) lacks the imagination to come up with something more descriptive. It's like saying "middle thing". Just name it by what it does, and if you can't, remove it because it's not doing anything.

"load-bearing" on the other hand is just a weird way to say "required" or "prerequisite" without drawing any attention to the fact that one cannot articulate what something is a prerequisite for, probably because that fact has since been lost from context.

stackghost 2 hours ago||
"Seam" has been a thing since before the AI craze. Wasn't it the NSA director who once said something like "we make our living at the seams"?
QuercusMax 10 hours ago||||
I believe the term "seam" came from Michael Feathers' "Working Effectively with Legacy Code": “a seam is a place where you can alter behavior in your program without editing in that place”.

https://martinfowler.com/bliki/LegacySeam.html

Claude is using it a bit liberally, but not totally incorrectly.

Sharlin 7 hours ago||
I've associated it with the concept of "carving nature at the seams", except that I just realized that in the standard phrasing it's actually "at the joints", not "seams".
bogdanoff_2 11 hours ago|||
Saying "the language of LLMs", while technically correct, is not exactly precise. It should really be the language of "AI agents", or "chatbots". OG LLMs would just mimic the style of its context based off of (pre)training from text on the Internet.

The kind of quirks you see came from crowd-sourced human-in-the-loop fine-tuning, with not very good work conditions or level of qualification (so resulting in "what non-writers thought good writing looked like", before people had developed the flair to detect these patterns) as well as feedback loops during agentic reinforcement learning and RLVR.

cpeterso 10 hours ago|||
I've found myself rewriting my own words to avoid Claudisms (because they can be cringe and I don't want people to think I'm copy/pasting Claude output at them).
viccis 8 hours ago||
>I suspect, as we continue forward, humans will slowly start to adopt the language of LLMs

I'm already seeing it. A coworker said something like "<person> added the color to the ticket here" meaning that someone added details to a ticket.

I've started seeing Opus 5 talk about "hermetic testing" when it just means "unit testing", so I hope that doesn't catch on...

neofrommatrix 58 minutes ago|||
I’ve been using that idiom since 2010.
dare944 7 hours ago||||
The idiom "added color to" as an expression of adding detail or nuance to something goes back much further than the AI era. I've certainly used it at various times in my career spanning 4 decades now.
testdelacc1 58 minutes ago||
All of these phrases existed. Claude didn’t come up with them. The question is whether people are using them a lot more now due to Claude’s influence.
dare944 36 minutes ago||
I think it would be fine if more people used "add color to". I think it's a great turn of phrase.

"Load bearing", not so much. Ick.

mplanchard 5 hours ago|||
One of my coworkers uses “load-bearing” ironically constantly now, it’s very funny
kuboble 5 minutes ago||
Is it relative frequency of those words or absolute number per PR?

Would there be the same tendency of we looked simply at the number of words in a commit/pr?

In my case my commit messages are on average 10x shorter than Claude's.

Labo333 13 hours ago||
Author here! Grateful for the kind words, human communities like HN really hit differently when you spend the whole day chatting with sycophantic and bullshitting agents (including to make this page).

I'm currently adding a search bar as well as increasing the data to 1000 PR per day.

A nice thing that is not obvious on the main page is that the dataset and analysis are updated daily using Github Actions (at least when they don't suffer from an outage ^^). I find it pretty cool to be able to build such apps without a "backend"!

ricardobeat 12 hours ago||
Nice work. I would suggest rewriting your README with Gemini, the most human of them, so it doesn't read exactly like the thing you are pointing at: https://github.com/louisabraham/load-bearing
thoughtpeddler 11 hours ago|||
Agree with rewriting with Gemini, but I'd characterize its output as very "neutral" and "encyclopedic", rather than "human" (contra Claude which is as of recent models "trying-too-hard-to-be-human"-sounding).
Philpax 10 hours ago|||
leaving the README like this is a good bit, though
Labo333 4 hours ago|||
Thank you all for the feedback!

I added the search bar, increased the data to 1000 PR a day (more than 50M words total) and added a feature to explore the other clusters as well. I hope the page is not getting cluttered.

SalariedSlave 8 hours ago|||
Great work, thanks for sharing!

The design is really impressive. Beautiful and dense, yet very understandable. How did you come up with this particular design? It's really nice and everything fits, the colors, the layout, all of it.

Were you inspired by anything in particular? I feel like this reminds me of something, but I don't remember what exactly.

Labo333 6 hours ago|||
Thank you!

I asked Claude for a few original designs, then iterated a lot for the UI. It called this design "Rasterfeld", which is a word that means "field of grids", a term used in swiss design https://docs.mew.design/blog/swiss-design-style/ as @alwa said.

The 3 primary colors refer more to pop art and Bauhaus.

I'm really eager for a nice book about "design" that would document all those styles, if someone has a recommendation.

alwa 7 hours ago|||
I agree with you, I really like OP's design choices, even more so amidst the flood of Claude-Generic these days. Although Claude just can't resist those little muted-toned ui-monospace small-caps...

It reminds me of Neue Grafik/Swiss Style, and Vignelli:

https://designreviewed.com/series/neue-grafik-new-graphic-de...

https://www.printmag.com/featured/swiss-style-principles-typ...

https://www.designculture.it/interview/massimo-vignelli.html

https://andrewclark.co.uk/all-media/the-vignelli-canon

udbhavs 10 hours ago||
Very cool! I'm trying to understand the graph, so the bottom-most section seems to be the cluster identifying Claude written PRs. What are the other 7, any reason there are 8 in total?

I've been scraping instagram posts recently to identify AI misinformation accounts that all repost each other's carousels and get hundreds of thousands of likes in engagement. Thinking of ways to present it and your dashboard looks very helpful. Did you experiment with any other types of visualizations before deciding on a stacked area chart for the clusters?

Labo333 9 hours ago||
no reason for 8 clusters!

I did experiment and a stacked chart seemed the most clear, with the important cluster at the bottom.

SalariedSlave 8 hours ago||
I've recently seen this mentioned more and more, both on HN and on reddit. It seems these output patterns are getting worse. It's not just Claude, my impression is that all of the current models have this style issue. Their writing can get borderline incomprehensible.

Is there some feedback loop or compounding happening with each model generation? Maybe newer models are ingesting too much AI content? If the ratio of AI generated content in training data is getting higher and higher (because the amount of AI generated content is increasing in general), maybe this is a compounding bias, poisoning the training?

reliablereason 7 hours ago||
It's likely/It could be an effect of more reinforcement learning in training compared to earlier. You need loots of RL to learn to code well.
jverce 6 hours ago|||
That's most likely what's happening. SNR will constantly decrease as LLM content is so much quicker and cheaper to generate, which makes it more statistically significant, which will make it more "relevant" for future models. A positive feedback basically.
kridsdale1 5 hours ago||
An audio feedback distortion effect comes to mind.
orbifold 6 hours ago|||
They are increasingly being trained on generated tasks and even (parts) of the pre-training data is 'distilled' (e.g. Clibmix as an open-source example), so there are many ways in which the vocabulary can seep into the model.
hattmall 2 hours ago|||
We are seeing more of their "thinking". Lowering the refinement of the output to get closer to profitability. The nature of the LLM is that it generates huge amounts of text, then it iterates them down into a compact, hopefully accurate prose. That refinement is the really hard part and computationally costly.
cromka 8 hours ago||
The going conclusion is they’re getting models ready to talk to other agents, not people.
Jordan-117 13 hours ago||
I wonder to what extent this is the result of suboptimal RLHF versus the inherent intelligence of the model making its language more intricate and difficult for humans to easily parse? On the one hand, it's a common trope that highly educated people can talk in a way that's confusing and annoying to regular people who don't know all the jargon. But on the other hand, it's a mark of a skilled communicator to be able to efficiently distill complex information to its bare essentials in an easily-digestible way. Of course, that also seems to imply that these models are working at a higher level and need to talk down to us to an extent. Or maybe "Claudish" is just akin to stuff like "caveman", raw chain of thought, neuralese, etc., which are likewise much more dense/efficient but harder to interpret?
dragonwriter 6 hours ago||
> I wonder to what extent this is the result of suboptimal RLHF versus the inherent intelligence of the model making its language more intricate and difficult for humans to easily parse?

Its not the latter; its just excessively verbose wirh awkward word choices, the same as many poor writers. (And, like many such writers, the particular bad choices fall into recognizable, regularly recurring patterns.)

emaro 9 hours ago|||
Imo their language is not precise enough for their intelligence to be the reason when it's difficult to understand. Maybe I'm prompting wrong, but when I don't understand, it's almost always because they just mash together words from context that don't form sentences with a clear meaning.
HarHarVeryFunny 9 hours ago|||
I think it's model collapse - excessive feedback and excessive RL.

What RL does is narrow the variety generated by the model by steering the output towards the goal being rewarded. It's a bit like putting blinkers on a horse.

Of course RL is a very crude tool - it affects the entire model, even if you are just trying to make it better at some specific task(s), or trying to imbue a certain kind of personality (OpenAI's recent goblin problem).

sergey_v 5 hours ago|||
It's easy to think "it's not talking down, because I don't understand it, and I'm intelligent". But how is less intelligent being supposed to fully understand a more intelligent one, honestly speaking? All I know is that Claude understands Claude perfectly. I have the common session pause/resume setup that sometimes produces completely incomprehensible markdown files, but a new Claude session picks them up perfectly, down to the smallest details. What if what we consider excessive circular gibberish is actually highly precise set of instructions needed to minimize error cases for that unreliable human?

If Claude understands Claude, Claude understands human, and human doesn't understand Claude, that doesn't argue well for "Claude is a caveman".

larnik 20 minutes ago||
I treat the Claude output that is hard to comprehend as an encoding/encryption. Claude knows how to decipher it, humans don't. I see this frequently in design docs from inexperienced engineers who used LLMs - they will contain terms (often two words hyphenated) that aren't obvious and should be defined, or simply replaced with simple language. If you prompt claude it is able to decipher and explain / replace this gibberish.
NichoPaolucci 12 hours ago|||
I don’t think they’re “talking down”. If anything - it’s way more difficult to distill something into a genuinely easy to digest format. I personally think that they aren’t immediately capable of this, and so we get word salad instead. Extra prompting required to strip extraneous prose out.

Maybe I am dumb and it IS talking down to me, but there have been many occasions where I’m reading AI generated docs / plans and it makes absolutely no sense, but looks really in depth at a glance.

Jordan-117 10 hours ago||
It doesn't seem like word salad as such. There's normally a coherent point expressed, it's just obscured by circuitous sentence structures, unusual word choices, "verbing weirding nouns", metaphors, etc. Could be a result of training that rewards novel/surprising language, but it also feels like it could be an artifact of models imperfectly compressing high-level multidimensional reasoning into language that's easy for them to process but cognitively taxing for humans.
NoDodgeQuestion 8 hours ago|||
Or, maybe they are dumb using smart words to sound smart in RLHF.
manmal 9 hours ago|||
They aren’t reasoning though, are they?
ricksunny 9 hours ago|||
The social graph proximity of Rationalists to Anthropic will be lost on no one who reads Astralcodexten. So guess which website has served as the thickest reservoir of 'Claude-isms'.
zbentley 7 hours ago|||
My unprovable pet theory is that, especially for writing about technical topics, the RL process has an open-ended way to weight things for quality: textbooks and first-party docs preferred to old stackoverflow answers and obscure blog/forum posts, and so on. The open-endedness of that quality gradient results in something in the RL process (maybe HF, maybe not) massively over-weighting some very small corpus of “quality = near infinite” content. The distribution of quality scores that inform the degree to which RL affects output has some extremely influential outliers, in other words.

Whatever that small corpus is, it contains some very specific grammatical tics, and that’s how we get Claudish.

Anyone who thinks a company/project as big as Anthropic/Claude wouldn’t make such a big mistake should take a look at how Azure cross-account federated login used to work.

udbhavs 10 hours ago||
I've been thinking more about how 99.9% of us don't have the experience of someone significantly more intelligent, yet also subservient working under us, which is why I keep going crazy second guessing whether Claude is spouting RLHF'd bullshit that sort of resembles English, or is genuinely (pun not intended) just better at "intuiting" things I'm working on, leading to its language.

A notable exception would be people like CEOs and managers higher up in big tech, who might be used to skilled engineers and domain experts reporting to them in unfamiliar lingo. Maybe that's why we don't hear as much on the everyday annoyances of Claude's language from that camp?

palisade 19 minutes ago||
The one that I really like is "greenfield" when you have an empty repo.
sosull 13 hours ago||
I really love this. It’s comprehensive, it consolidates the data to the point where the argument effectively ‘makes itself’, and the way it’s presented respects the reader’s time. It also makes for an interesting challenge (for me at least) to try to characterise the subject matter of a language problem so narrowly.

No ream of slides. No narrative. Just a lovely big painful conclusion.

Labo333 13 hours ago||
Thank you so much! The presentation was really my goal here, more than the model itself.
jimmaswell 13 hours ago||
> the argument effectively ‘makes itself’

What argument? I don't know what to take away other than "Claude likes certain words". Some of them are kind of amusing, but I'm not convinced the vocabulary is bad or that this is a problem, just from looking at this.

tel 12 hours ago|||
I think the point was that Claude’s output can be somewhat easily and compellingly measured using this technique and its kind of massive (and human attributed).
bakugo 4 hours ago|||
Probably not what the author intended, but to me, this represents a great argument against the somewhat frequent claim that "AI writing patterns reflect human writing patterns". Rather, AI writing is distinctly not human, and is drifting further from human writing with every new model release.

LLMs were not taught to say the phrase "load-bearing seam" from humans saying it, because humans have never said it. It's almost definitely an artifact of post-training and nothing more.

wavewrangler 9 hours ago||
Was talking about the use of shipped recently, and I was mocked for asking such a crazy question, by freshly self-minted engineers, no less. No wonder they thought it was ridiculous...it had been a part of their vocabulary their entire career. All few weeks of it. I wonder what those guys are doing now. This was about a month ago. Do you think what they shipped ever...landed?
nl 4 hours ago|
"shipped" was a pretty common term before AI though. It does show as 17x more common on github in this dataset but it was used a lot more in product management than in PRs previously.
swader999 3 hours ago||
Yes. "Ship it! A practical guide to successful software projects" by Jared Richardson, Will Gwaltney, Jr. has had a few printings since 2005.
nxobject 3 hours ago||
I think another classic reference: Jobs saying to the original Macintosh team - "real artists ship"!
legobmw99 9 hours ago||
I've started being driven mad by the number of times I've gotten a PR or proposed solution with 'sidecar' mentioned. First of all, it's often some hack to shove extra data into another place rather than actually rethink an existing data structure, and second of all, it is just not a word I almost ever heard in technical discussions pre-2026

The search on this website suggests it is indeed 3.6x more likely in the claude cluster

alchemism 2 hours ago|
It has some vintage. Kubernetes deployments (containers) may have sidecars.
sethd 12 hours ago|
A lot of these “Claudeisms” are simply jargon I’ve seen or heard firsthand myself while working at tech companies. I don’t think it’s limited to Claude either; I’ve seen Codex use load-bearing and many of these phrases as well.

I think using agents is just like speedrunning the whole experience of working with technical coworkers. Whereas you might have had a few coworkers at your company who used some of these phrases regularly, you now have a “coworker” who uses all of them regularly at a much faster pace.

dgunay 9 hours ago||
Everyone has their own distinct mix of jargon and uses some words more or less than others, but now it's as if you have 1000 coworkers who are all the same person, and talk the exact same way, and it just so happens that their writing is grating to read. It also doesn't stop when you log off for the day. The same guy follows you home in ad copy, message board comments, spam, and in some cases even the correspondence of your loved ones.
smj-edison 12 hours ago|||
I like to imagine that there's this one employee that oversees RHLF, who has a particular style of writing, and that got so ingrained that it's just them x1000.
r_lee 10 hours ago||
I remember asking claude in claude code why the "seams" and it instantly in very fine detail said how it's from a book on working with legacy code

so they might be RLHFing on these specific approaches and then it becomes the entire model

just an anecdote but I found it interesting how it went full on that it's from that book vs just "it's technical jargon"

NoDodgeQuestion 10 hours ago||
AI model does not know special insight into how model itself was trained. All it tells you is it's prediction of expected explanation.
nl 4 hours ago|||
I checked this, and Claude says "it's a real term of art from Michael Feathers' Working Effectively with Legacy Code (2004), where he defines it as a place you can alter a program's behavior without editing in that place."

While I agree the model doesn't have insight into how it was trained I do think the history of the term itself is interesting.

r_lee 5 hours ago|||
yeah but I didn't prompt it in a way where I tried to get such an answer, it gave an entire boilerplate rundown just from like me asking "what's up with the 'seams'?"

I might be wrong, but usually it'd be a lot less deliberate, and at least in my mind it wouldn't be surprising if they were heaving training these on these specific "best practices" books/methodologies and thus picking up lingo from them

nonethewiser 8 hours ago||
The jargon isnt even the worst part. The phrasing is just downright incomprehensible sometimes. And its not even "academic". It's just extremely awkward, bad writing. And it is much worse than say Opus 4.6-8.

Actually I have found the copy that Claude Design spits out is way better than using the same model directly. I have no idea why. It has its flaws but it sounds like it's written by a human who uses derivative language. But usually the models just soudn incoherent.

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