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Posted by my123 2 days ago

Fujitsu launches made-in-Japan next-generation CPU FUJITSU-MONAKA(global.fujitsu)
586 points | 227 comments
a11r 17 hours ago|
Back in 2008 Fujitsu has one of the best performing 10Gbps Switches. We were building 40 Gbps packet sniffers at Google (4x 10 Gbps NICs) and needed switches that could do things like mirror traffic across ports at line rate. Fujitsu was way ahead of the pack. I always wondered what held them back from building a meaningful networking business in the US.
throwup238 16 hours ago||
> I always wondered what held them back from building a meaningful networking business in the US.

It was just timing. Their networking gear was built on some very impressive ASICs which became commodity chips a few years later before they could grow. Arista, Juniper, et al ate their lunch using other vendors’ IP. IIRC it was Broadcom and Fulcrum that released the chips that killed them.

Den_VR 16 hours ago|||
Another broadcom related tragedy
noobplus 4 hours ago|||
[dead]
ricksunny 15 hours ago|||
>We were building 40 Gbps packet sniffers at Google (4x 10 Gbps NICs) and needed switches that could do things like mirror traffic across ports at line rate

I'm sure there were good reaasons for this, but man this just sounds bad. Like that's the spec I think NSA must give to their contractors outfitting 611 Folsom Street's Room 641A

kevin_nisbet 4 hours ago|||
These tools are very common in non-nefarious ways for troubleshooting networking, and while vendors set up to serve this space solely as troubleshooting tools, I've also built my own that can sit on a network link and monitor for problems.

In my case it was for mobile wireless signaling traffic (all the coordination for creating a mobile internet connection, handing the connection off between towers, etc), and I'd credit it as one of the reasons you're mobile internet connection is so stable. When LTE first came out, myself and many others solved all sorts of bugs in the equipment and protocols by using or building these sorts of tools.

teiferer 14 hours ago||||
Port mirroring is the network engineer's equivalent of using breakpoints in a debugger for a programmer. It allows you to inspect what happens on the wire to get a clue for what's wrong.
agilob 15 hours ago||||
It does sound bad the way OP described it, but packet or HTTP mirroring is a standard feature of A/B testing and blue-green deployments of a very critical code. Mirror traffic between version 1 and 2, then compare response body, response time and return response A to the end users.
fmbb 13 hours ago||
But the comment says ”we were building packet sniffers” … and needed mirroring as part of that.
zamadatix 5 hours ago|||
I used to operate several dozen 10G/25G/40G/100G taps which fed a series of tools in the DC at a regional healthcare back in the day.

80% of the relevant outcome was typically to get a true-to-the-wire sniffer capture (switch mirrors won't always mirror 100% of packets for various reasons) for troubleshooting performance of whatever the complaint of the day from the server team was.

19% was for feeding a security monitoring systems which looked for abnormal flow patterns to let us know a server was compromised.

1% was for the call recording system compliance requirement for the emergency department.

0% was because I was a cool superspy tasked by the government to siphon info to them or trying to sell medical records on the black market or something. I mean, you can try to something nefarious with such tools... but one could say the same about a generic server, SAN, application, etc as well. People are just used to understanding what those would typically be used for so they don't assume it must be for the scary thing they've heard about.

That said, it doesn't rule it out either. But again, the concern shouldn't be sourcing from their usage of normal infrastructure tools it should be sourcing from... well, all of the user analytics Google very publicly does directly in the server.

totetsu 4 hours ago||
I was under the impression that the superspy stuff usually happens more at the undersea-cable terminal or at satellite links anyway.
yabones 13 hours ago||||
It's super common and very useful for security systems to work like this. Instead of putting something in-line that might choke on a burst of traffic you put it off to the side and send it a firehose of packets it may or may not be able to handle. If it falls over, no problem.
Hikikomori 1 hour ago|||
Common tools for any network engineer
wmf 15 hours ago||||
Nah, packet mirroring is a standard networking feature and ideally every feature is line rate.
Zigurd 14 hours ago||
Indeed. Juniper had this over 20 years ago.
lokar 5 hours ago||
It came for free on hubs :)
fragmede 4 hours ago||
the cost there was performance
unethical_ban 15 hours ago|||
There are companies that mirror their traffic to storage for a few days to be able to look back and troubleshoot issues. ALL their traffic, proactively.
collinmanderson 15 hours ago|||
For US federal government, "Office of Management and Budget" says to store 72 hours of packet capture, since 2021 (partially in response to SolarWinds attack). (M-21-31)

https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2023-02/TLP%20CLEAR...

idiotsecant 15 hours ago|||
I do that with very, very low traffic industrial automation systems.
kjs3 10 hours ago|||
The XG series switches? Force10 sold them until Dell bought Force10 and continued to sell them (although the firmware changed a lot along the way). They were, AFAIK, pretty popular in the US under the Dell brand.

My home network is XG2000 10G core and a few XG0224 1G/10G dist. Very nice switches.

xenadu02 9 hours ago||
Ubiquity proved you can bust into the market from the bottom end if you want. Nothing was stopping them from doing the same but like many companies they prefer to focus on how much money they can siphon from the Fortune 1000 so I can't say I feel sorry for them.
kjs3 8 hours ago||
I'm not sure why that's relevent, particularly since Ubiquity's approach wouldn't have remotely competed with Fujitsus custom ASICs if they were actual contemporaries, but you clearly have an agenda you're in love with, so...ok, sure.
kev009 13 hours ago|||
AFAIK those sold relatively well, considering the TCO of both sides (NICs were very expensive and there were like a dozen companies vying for position once upon a time). They were also interesting because they were cut-through. CX4 was noticeably lower latency than SFP+. So a very fast, but feature limited architecture which is probably why other players like Cisco and then Arista (aka Broadcom) took over.
numpad0 11 hours ago|||
The likely just didn't want another round of tantrums and troubles: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_U.S.%E2%80%93Japan_Semico...
alightsoul 16 hours ago|||
Having a us based vendor. Fujitsu is huge in Asia for ISPs and so is Mitsubishi and Sumitomo (yes they made or used to make network equipment too)
hinkley 13 hours ago||
We have alliances with Japan and S Korea which predispose us to believing we might be able to get a clean supply chain from them if a new Cold War starts. Out other options don’t even pass a giggle test and that’s the state of the world until some manufacturing is brought back onshore for strategic reasons.

The same way Congress has been subsidizing Boeing and its competitors since WW2 to make sure we can build things that fly if another war ever starts. Or with drones, that we can build ones that will be flown BY US instead of defecting the moment they get in range of the other side.

xenadu02 9 hours ago||
> The same way Congress has been subsidizing Boeing and its competitors

Funny you should mention that. Boeing deliberately buys 35% of a 787's airframe from Japan (along with other equipment for the 787 and other models).

That's a deliberate play: we buy a lot of parts from Japanese companies, your airlines buy mostly Boeing airplanes. Even today despite some diversification Boeing has over 70% marketshare in Japan.

If you ever wondered why Airbus setup factories in the USA that's a similar deal. The US Gov and Mil want to ensure factories and workforce on home soil should the need arise. In some unrecorded meetings somewhere strong hints were no doubt dropped that it would be in Airbus' best interest to play ball. They obliged.

That said the USA is the largest supplier of parts for Airbus airliners so there's also a benefit to having aerospace manufacturing and R&D here.

conception 5 hours ago|||
Their servers were gorgeous (on the inside) as well. Clean designs, no clutter.
thpalksdfo55 4 hours ago|||
Seems like a story mirrored across Japanese companies.
calmworm 16 hours ago||
[flagged]
filoleg 16 hours ago|||
Do you mind elaborating?

This is the first time ever I am hearing of Fujitsu being involved in any bribing/lobbying controversy in the US (whether as a victim or an offender), and I doubt I am the only user in this thread in this position.

Unless it is a very well-known controversy, I feel like there is a need for extra context here. I am not even asking for anything of the "proof beyond any reasonable doubt" nature, I simply want to understand what you are trying to reference.

calmworm 6 hours ago||
I wasn’t referencing anything specific, but a general response to how/why many companies can’t or won’t do business in the United States.
protocolture 2 hours ago||
>I wasn’t referencing anything specific, but a general response to how/why many companies can’t or won’t do business in the United States.

Its a genuinely terrible place to do business, and its full of genuinely terrible people to do business with.

Oh and Trump made it a bit worse with Tariffs I guess.

Hope this helps.

HPsquared 16 hours ago|||
The other sort of network, ironically.
arcza 1 hour ago||
A reminder of the great minds working tirelessly at this mega-corp: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Post_Office_scandal
Shank 25 minutes ago|
Fujitsu is such a large company that it is unlikely that there is any overlap between these two groups.
jaen 16 hours ago||
More detailed presentations about the Monaka CPU:

wccftech summary: https://wccftech.com/fujitsus-monaka-chip-3d-stacks-2nm-cpu-...

2026: https://global.fujitsu/-/media/Project/Fujitsu/Fujitsu-HQ/te...

2023: https://global.fujitsu/-/media/Project/Fujitsu/Fujitsu-HQ/te...

FugakuNEXT, the supercomputer it will be used in, also some details about the next-gen Monaka-X: https://global.fujitsu/-/media/Project/Fujitsu/Fujitsu-HQ/te...

For a single CPU: 844 GB/s memory bandwidth (12 channels of DDR5 RDIMM, 8800MT/s). 4.3-6 TFLOPS.

Basically comparable to a modern (although not top-end) GPU, so good for HPC & AI workloads. (though only 2 CPUs per node, with GPUs 4-8 is more common)

chao- 14 hours ago||
For anyone not familiar with Fujitsu's CPUs, worth noting their overall long history with HPC, and more recently, ARM. FugakuNEXT is "NEXT" because the current Fugaku (#1 on TOP500 for a time, and still in the top 10) also used an ARM CPU from Fujitsu.
menaerus 1 hour ago|||
Benchmarks will be interesting to see but I doubt the cores alone will be able to reach beyond ~500GB/s of BW, and even if they match that figure it will be great.
3abiton 10 hours ago|||
Man this looks amazing, more competition is always welcome! The issue for Ai inference is always firmware/software support. Up until recently, that rocm hardware became usable, let alone optimized. Nvidia had a big start, now everyone is trying to catch up
boutell 15 hours ago||
Thanks for clarifying why this makes sense for inference.
irusensei 16 hours ago||
If anyone is curious and want to skip all the PR talk:

>Combined with SVE2 vector operations and software optimization,

It’s ARMv9.

FlowingRiver 9 hours ago||
It was funny looking over this just waiting to see what ISA it was. No surprise that it was ARM but you never know.

Nowadays if you have the source code the ISA is practically irrelevant.

hulitu 15 hours ago|||
I hoped it would be SPARC.
mghackerlady 9 hours ago|||
I was hoping risc-v. One of these days
CalChris 14 hours ago|||
I hoped it would be Alpha.
antonvs 2 hours ago|||
Why not 68000
officeplant 12 hours ago|||
I can't believe its not butter
Perz1val 16 hours ago|||
I wonder how many cores they plan to cram in there, at least like 256 right?
flumes_whims_ 16 hours ago||
144 per the article
zymhan 15 hours ago|||
Why did they bury the lede so much on what the ISA is?
zipityzi 14 hours ago||
Press releases are sadly like that. Fujitsu's main page has it in the first line:

> FUJITSU-MONAKA is a Next-Gen Arm-based processor, set for release in 2027, designed to address the challenges of next-generation data centers with its unmatched performance and power efficiency.

https://global.fujitsu/en-global/technology/research/fujitsu...

It is no secret it is Arm; MONAKA was announced in late 2024.

https://www.techpowerup.com/329761/fujitsu-previews-monaka-1...

cidd 14 hours ago|||
Funny first thing I did was to search 'arm' and I got 1 result at the bottom of the page.
madduci 14 hours ago|||
Hipe they'll be affordable
scottchiefbaker 15 hours ago||
[dead]
alightsoul 19 hours ago||
Fun fact, Fujitsu used to run their own fabs in Japan until they were sold to UMC and now they're another UMC fab although they are stuck at like the 20nm node. So this is likely made at JASM.
iicc 19 hours ago||
I think they'd say if the CPU was fabbed in Japan, instead there's some very "careful" wording:

>next-generation CPU, FUJITSU-MONAKA [1], designed and developed in Japan

>Fujitsu MONAKA Server, powered by the FUJITSU-MONAKA CPU, enhances sovereign capabilities through domestic manufacturing,

iicc 18 hours ago|||
>FUJITSU-MONAKA utilizes a 3D-stacked architecture with a state-of-the-art 2nm process for the core and a 5nm process for the cache and I/O sections.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Advanced_Semiconductor_M...

>The Phase 2 factory was under construction as of January 2025, next to the Phase 1 facility, and is expected to be completed by 2027.[3] Initially planned for manufacturing semiconductors using a 6 nm process, 3 nm was incorporated into production plans for 2028 in 2026

kennywinker 17 hours ago||||
Right below the headline it says:

> Achieving world-class AI inference performance through Japan-developed 2nm 3D-stacked CPU and server integrated, developed, and manufactured in Japan

Sounds pretty clear to me

aurareturn 16 hours ago|||
The compute part must have been made in Taiwan because it uses TSMC N2. TSMC N2 is only available in Taiwan right now due to a law restricting the latest node to Taiwan for 1-2 years.
alightsoul 16 hours ago||
That's Taiwan's silicon shield which the taiwanese see as important. That's why japan has rapidus and the us has Intel
amelius 17 hours ago||||
So, server manufactured/integrated in Japan; actual chip manufactured elsewhere (but "developed" in Japan, whatever that means)?
adrian_b 16 hours ago|||
They made a detailed presentation at Hot Chips.

All the component chips are made at TSMC, in various processes.

"Developed in Japan" means the same thing like "developed in USA" means for NVIDIA or AMD or Intel. You can design chips anywhere on the planet, as long as TSMC is willing to provide you the required documentation and EDA libraries (which it does only if you already are or they believe that you will be a big customer).

ddtaylor 16 hours ago|||
Doesn't really make sense to me. The whole "sovereign" thing is to basically say you won't be screwed if you go to war with a country tomorrow because you are dependent on their supply chain. Nothing about this changes that IMO. They're still getting the chips fabbed somewhere else and run the same risks.
adrian_b 16 hours ago|||
True, but besides wars there are other dangers, e.g. USA does not declare war when they apply "sanctions" randomly, under the legal theory that they can dictate how anything that includes some piece of US origin may be used by its owner.

Since that theory began to be used, anyone outside US has become anxious to become "sovereign", i.e. to stop using anything about which a foreign state can claim to have rights.

monocasa 8 hours ago||||
It's a nuclear weapons thing. Basically you want your entire nuclear weapons supply chain infrastructure to be in your own country. These days that also includes super computers to do simulations on what happens with your aging asrenal (just look at how many Top 500 supercomputers are at national labs like Oak Ridge, LLNL, or Sandia). Japan doesn't technically have nuclear weapons, but they're rumored to be "a screwdriver's turn away", or practically within a few weeks of having a weapon. That posture itself requires even more simulation just to be sure you can make good on that.

The AI stuff is basically "well sure, these are really good at distributed matrix math, why not?" hoping to get better volumes and make the program cheaper internally.

And they're working on getting chips fabbed in Japan too now that IBM sold their 2nm process to Rapidus, but that's probably successor to these. Maybe 2028? In the meantime there's still more nuclear simulations to run than there is compute to run them.

Lumich 10 minutes ago||
« nuclear weapons » — They're science fiction, smoke blown around huge quantities of explosives still being produced at WW2 levels.

Michael Palmer, in his book Hiroshima revisited, doesn't go as far as to rule out “nukes” entirely, but damage assessment, medical evidence, witness reports and measurements show that no such thing as claimed by the US and Japanese governments happened in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Instead, there were other ingredients to the atrocities, like the usual napalm, so-called “pumpkin bombs” (the iconic Nagasaki model), flash bombs and coloured smoke (“special effects”), and mustard gas (to generate “radiation sickness”), which is a gel that can linger on and emit poison for weeks (depending on the weather).

Napalm and mustard gas are 100 % consistent with the medical record, which the author is professionally qualified to assess, citing academic literature (which is scarse in case of napalm, probably on account of its heavy use by the US against East Asian peoples in the “defense of democracy”).

The damage pattern is extensive rather than intensive (that is the military expert assessment), just as seen in other napalmed cities in Japan. Miraculous survivors at the alleged “ground zero” (no such thing can really be derived from the damage pattern) preclude any generation of heat drastically higher than what is attainable by conventional means (“victims were vaporized”). So do slender objects like antennas and trees (which blossomed again next spring, then interpreted as a “miracle”). The few stone buildings there were can be seen standing out among the remains of flimsy huts that were blown and burnt.

And of course there was no disruption in settlement, the cities were built up and inhabited again.

« simulations on what happens with your aging asrenal » — Swarms of red herrings to keep the myth alive. Surely other uses of supercomputers are conceivable, even for non-disclosed purposes.

Strangely, while the non-existence of such weapons is undoubtedly good news, there are many “nuke fanboys” (no girls, though – this is a male thing) who will get upset and even angry at this, as if the “atomic bomb” were some kind of god to venerate, when it really only is lies and propaganda that we've been fed when we were kids.

To be clear, this is not to dispute nuclear energy, just the claim that it may be used to obtain explosions, and even extraordinary ones.

numpad0 11 hours ago||||
It means it's not beating B300 in FP4 TOPS.
AtlasBarfed 16 hours ago||||
Isn't the supply chain on advanced semiconductors ludicrously extended?

Wafers rare Earth's, specialized equipment, etc?

stinkbeetle 9 hours ago|||
> Doesn't really make sense to me. The whole "sovereign" thing is to basically say you won't be screwed if you go to war with a country tomorrow because you are dependent on their supply chain.

I don't think it is that basic. If anything it's probably more about having protection from trade and sanction threats, and insulation from shortages, supply chain problems.

> Nothing about this changes that IMO. They're still getting the chips fabbed somewhere else and run the same risks.

It certainly changes it. Chip design is of enormous importance and the technology leaders there are concentrated in the USA.

Silicon manufacturing is a different thing. Japan is also trying to bring up sovereign leading(ish) edge manufacturing. Obviously you keep peeling the onion on everything though - to do digital logic they need EDA tools and quite possibly IP blocks for PCI and DDR and so on. To do manufacturing they need scanners from ASML and a process design from IBM and so on... It doesn't mean that because they can't do everything from the ground up that it's pointless. At some point they need to import coal and iron ore and bauxite.

wongarsu 16 hours ago||||
depends on whether you read it as

((2nm 3d stacked CPU) and server) (integrated, developed, and manufactured in Japan)

or

(2nm 3d stacked CPU) and (server integrated, developed, and manufactured in Japan)

TheRealPomax 16 hours ago|||
Indeed, it is extremely clear: by not saying "manufactured in Japan", the words "developed in Japan" tell you that they drew up the designs for the CPU in Japan, and then sent those designs off to a fab outside Japan for actual manufacturing. Then they bring those CPUs back to Japan, so that the server can be manufactured in Japan even if the server components are not.

That manufacturing step may change in the future, but right now that CPU is not "Made in Japan", it's only "Designed in Japan".

adrian_b 16 hours ago||
They did a presentation at Hot Chips, with all these details.

The core die is made with TSMC-N2P, while the SRAM die and the peripheral die are made with TSMC-N5.

Their CPU is designed in Japan, like the AMD CPUs or the Intel CPUs are designed in USA (the latest Panther Lake Intel CPUs have returned for fabrication to USA in 2026, but they also cost double than the corresponding Arrow Lake models made at TSMC in 2025, and their GPUs are still made at TSMC).

osnium123 11 hours ago||
When will they be using Rapidus?
flakiness 15 hours ago|||
Yeah I had a slight hope that they'd be a one of the first real Rapidus customers. but apparently not (for this one at least).
szatkus 18 hours ago||
It's 2nm, so it has to be manufactured by TSMC.
alightsoul 16 hours ago||
I would assume they want to switch to rapidus asap once it comes online
Zigurd 14 hours ago||
The US administration created at least 90% of what we now call technology sovereignty concerns. Technology sovereignty is front and center in this announcement. Before the president started making wildly inappropriate remarks about grabbing territory from allies and other previously unthinkable utterances, almost everyone was happy to buy technology from US hardware and software vendors. Complacency about the state of democracy and rule of law in the US was the norm.

Why does this matter? Markets outside the US account for about half of many US technology vendors' revenue. Who is going to speak up first?

trynumber9 13 hours ago||
What? Fujitsu has been making supercomputers in Japan for decades.

Its ARM predecessor started in 2014: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugaku_(supercomputer)

And before that they were the using SPARC64: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARC64_V

FlowingRiver 7 hours ago|||
While others have made good points, your view is also valid. The messaging nowadays is more toward sovereignty even if the core direction hasn't fundamentally changed significantly.

I do find it funny how the harder some folks push for an outcome, the more they bring about the opposite effect.

I mean the US had this sense of confidence that they were at the top of the power structure, it was widely accepted and overall that position and deal seemed to benefit many others even if not to the same scale. For example with Europe, the US got favorable trade terms in exchange for defense.

Then the Trump administration came in and started pushing the narrative of MAGA, to almost be professional victims. Winner of the world lottery and yet still not happy. And so instead of making America Great again, they are on the fast track of being cut out of favorable global trade. They over played their hand. And once others end up being self sufficient again, it is very difficult to get back in the good books.

In trying to avoid being pushed around, they are now starting to see they could be pushed around.

Lumich 1 hour ago|||
« For example with Europe, the US got favorable trade terms in exchange for defense. » — It is occupation under the guise of defense, always has been. Keeping Germany divided for 35 years (when it could have become neutral and free in the early 50s), eager not to release control but to expand east instead, exploiting disunity, instigating the Yugoslavia wars of the 90s, more recently the Ukraine war (which goes back more than a decade in preparation).
Kuyawa 6 hours ago|||
That's what you get when you put a clown in power. I am not american so I don't care but the whole world noticed the bullying and acted accordingly. For example, US learned the hard way they can't bring down Huawei, tariff china or slow their frontier AI. Now Europe with Mistral and Japan with Moneka, both pointing in the same direction. Big middle finger if I've seen one
alfalfasprout 14 hours ago||
there are many things to blame POTUS for. This isn't one of them... most major fabs were already outside the US to begin with and the US chipmaking industry (well, really Intel) was really struggling even years ago.
Zigurd 14 hours ago||
I don't see the connection. No matter where US chips are manufactured, it's not the location of the fab that causes technology sovereignty concerns. Those concerns come from questions about the stability and rationality of our leadership: can my jet fighter get nerfed if I wanted to defend Greenland from an invasion? Are my spies being spied on by US technology?

Those questions didn't used to be significant factors.

kikkia 13 hours ago||
I'd argue that the consolidation of the chip industry in Taiwan has had the most impact here. If/When China does move to take over Taiwan the global chip supply will be devastated and countries are well in their right to want to diversify from that. If anything, POTUS statements just also solidified the point that like Taiwan, they should not rely on USA or any other country for that matter. Hence why so many countries are pushing for some level of self sustainment.
Zigurd 11 hours ago||
Chip fabs are a red herring. They haven't been controlled by the US, and give the US no leverage over nations that used to be unequivocal allies. Those places are where technology sovereignty is a hot button issue. They can't count on the US, or US technology companies. You say Taiwan shouldn't rely on the US. But of all places where technology sovereignty is at issue, Taiwan has the least risk of being traded away in a corrupt real estate deal.
rwmj 19 hours ago||
It's Arm based, although they barely mention that.
minimeow 19 hours ago||
Yes the lack of transparency on ARM architecture and the obfuscation of the RAM capacity with just the slot information is annoying. Not sure if it is deliberate to sell this at a premium to "mainframe" customers or whether its just their marketing folk not being on the ball. Fascinated by the fact Japan has a 2nm process node but I suspect that too is marketing. Perhaps the 2nm portion of the chip is done at TSMC and the rest of the package done in Japan or something like that. It's not like there's a plethora of 2nm Fabs around the planet to choose from.
whizzter 17 hours ago|||
Reading of JASM (TSMC/Sony subsidiary) it seems they're planning on producing at least 3nm chips there in their expansion plans.
imtringued 18 hours ago|||
It looks to me like it is an AI optimized HPC CPU and while HPC CPUs are actually quite fast, they are not particularly well suited for transformer based neural networks.

It's weird that they don't give out any of the interesting numbers like number of memory channels, how much SRAM they have (CPUs tend to have more of it) or what their expected performance is going to be.

adrian_b 16 hours ago||
They did a detailed presentation at Hot Chips.

See e.g.:

https://chipsandcheese.com/p/hot-chips-2026-fujitsus-monaka-...

They have provided far more details than companies like Apple or Qualcomm.

imtringued 1 hour ago||
Looks good for HPC but the AI performance is only good against other CPUs. Even Intel GPUs can beat the quoted numbers within that power envelope.
titzer 18 hours ago|||
They actually do not in that article. I had to look elsewhere to find that out. Weird, one would expect that a big announcement like this would probably need to be vetted against licensing agreements with Arm that would probably want that fact to be prominently highlighted in press releases.
izardak 17 hours ago||
It is in the article - they cite "SVE2" support
whizzter 17 hours ago||
Yeah, searched the page for common architectures (x86,arm and Sparc since it was Fujitsu) since it'd seem silly to use a totally novel architecture but didn't find anything until noticing SVE2.
gpderetta 17 hours ago|||
Fujitsu has a long history of designing their own micro but using a standard ISA for HPC. Used to be SPARC, now it is ARM. IIRC Fujitsu were the main architects behind the SVE ARM extension.
nubinetwork 18 hours ago|||
If they didn't mention SVE2, I wouldn't have known either... that would make it arm9 at the earliest...
a012 18 hours ago||
Quick Google result is it’s basically a Neoverse V2 system, so yeah, armv9.

Edit: it’s funny because this article from 2021 mentioned Fujisu precisely https://siliconangle.com/2021/03/30/arm-unveils-armv9-archit...

adrian_b 16 hours ago|||
No it is not at all Neoverse V2, which is obsolete and has much lower performance.

It is a custom Armv9.3-A design (same ISA like the Arm C1 CPUs from the flagship smartphones of 2026), but it has double-width execution units for SVE2 (i.e. 256-bit width, vs. 128-bit for the other Arm CPUs) and it has some ISA extensions for AI/ML, e.g. instructions for inference with FP8 (BF16 is already supported by the standard Arm ISA).

Despite the fact that Armv9.3-A may include SME (scalable matrix extension, like in the Apple CPUs and in the Arm C1 CPUs), Fujitsu did not mention SME, so I assume that they did not implement it and they rely on their enhanced SVE2 (which is not surprising, while the origin of Arm SME is at Apple, the origin of Arm SVE is at Fujitsu).

my123 16 hours ago||
Monaka-X will include SME2 but it didn't make the cut for first-gen Monaka
voxelghost 17 hours ago|||
That was regarding the HPC Fugaku , this is next generation
amelius 17 hours ago|||
But Arm is owned by SoftBank, a Japanese conglomerate.

(I think Japanese sovereignty is the main point of the article.)

shrubble 18 hours ago|||
Interesting to note that Fujitsu did this when the SPARC architecture was popular: they enhanced/developed a CPU for the same ABI.

Seems they have decided they don’t want to create their own architecture, but take the popular architecture and build on it.

qmarchi 17 hours ago|||
Thanks kinda how Japan works. Inventing something new is hard, but taking something that's a cool idea and making it actually usable is well within their wheelhouse.

See: - Blue LEDs - Quartz Watches - Lithium-ion Batteries - Bidets

whizzter 17 hours ago|||
I'm sure there's plenty of other stuff invented in Japan, but that's really beside the point.

The industry is now mature enough that nobody really wants the headache of a new architecture at this point in time, Risc-V got a pass for being a grassroots movement growing out off FPGA's since the IP situation was more or less clear or even predatory with all existing architectures, Power, Sparc,SuperH,68k,etc are buried for good reasons.

FlowingRiver 9 hours ago|||
POWER is still holding on just barely but I do suspect that IBM are looking to sunset it in the next few years.
pezezin 7 hours ago||
Given that IBM just announced a dual-ISA mainframe with support for both z/arch and ARM, they might indeed be looking to sunset POWER.
mghackerlady 9 hours ago||||
Powers not dead yet! IBM is still clinging to it and I can't blame them, it's a pretty good ISA
FlowingRiver 9 hours ago||
Yep, I have said it for a good 20 years now.

POWER/PowerPC is what happens when you take a brilliant design to execute it poorly. x86 is when you take a poor design and execute is brilliantly.

whizzter 41 minutes ago||
PPC could have any number of merits, the 2 nail in the coffin imho is that the community/implementations seems to have held on to a big-endian tradition whilst the mass of users/developers firmly shifted to little-endian when Apple went to x86 and that IBM didn't push it properly open in the 2005-2008 timeframe when PS3/Xbox360 were still relevant (OpenPower seems to have been created in 2013, after the creation of Risc-V and PS4/XboxOne going to x86).
6SixTy 15 hours ago|||
UC Berkeley developed RISC-V, so no doubt their influence within the computer science academia sphere had something to do with it.
whizzter 49 minutes ago||
Dunno, I think Risc-V's simplicity gave it the initial popularity rush rather than being from a certain institution (the institution perhaps gave it visibility, but it does have own merits and no idea if other archs from the time had those?), don't remembere exactly but iirc it was possible to implement with a ridiculously small amount of FPGA gates. Conversly heard some rumblings that it had parts t hat were unsuitable for scaling up but it seems to have gained enough momentum for people to engineer past stuff like that.
antonvs 31 minutes ago||||
The 1980s called, it wants its stereotypes back.
SoftTalker 15 hours ago||||
I had this idea that Fujitsu was one of those Japanese conglomerates that had operations in all kinds of markets, from electronics to heavy earth moving equipment to air conditioners to locomotives. But that doesn't appear to be the case so I'm wondering which company I'm confusing them with.

Edit I think I was thinking of Mitsubishi.

numpad0 11 hours ago|||
Fujitsu was a telco equipment spinoff from Fuji Electric, so Fujitsu do/did make a lot of things that would be in a phone exchange building over its history, from air conditioners to terminals to actual mainframes. Just not as everything as Mitsubishi, which was a do-all procurement company for the new government when the Tokugawa stepped down.
FlowingRiver 9 hours ago||
About 25 years back here in Australia they were advertising Fujitsu air-conditioners, they had the promise of some like "They will get the air down to 17c in all conditions."

About a month later there was a summer heat wave and I went to a friends house who had just bought one. It was wild walking in from a 45c day into, as advertised, a 17c house. Had to give it to them, they lived up to the claim.

That they come from the telecom/server space, it makes sense they had a good eye for aircon engineering.

Melatonic 1 hour ago||||
Probably Panasonic. They're like the Apple of the B2B world. Except they also make everything
sam1714 13 hours ago|||
Fujitsu is basically the Japanese IBM.
whizzter 17 hours ago|||
Sun invented SPARC, Fujitsu just happened to be the last producer since they built mainframes on it. Reading it seems like they plan to stop producing Sparc processors and machines in a near timeframe so that makes this announcement less surprising.
adrian_b 16 hours ago||
For many years the Fujitsu SPARC implementations were much faster than the Sun SPARC implementations.

During the decade 1995-2005, until the 64-bit AMD Opteron servers with Linux offered an alternative that crushed any kind of SPARC CPU with Solaris by a much higher performance combined with a much lower price, the SPARC Sun or Fujitsu servers dominated the market for servers used to host the CAD/EDA design tools used in electronics engineering, for the design of integrated circuits or electronic equipment. This means that all the EDA software from vendors like Mentor, Cadence, Synopsis etc. was available only for Solaris. That kind of software could not be run on Windows, due to the 32-bit memory limit. During that time, whoever got Fujitsu servers instead of the sluggish Sun servers, was very lucky.

sam1714 12 hours ago||
It was an issue of fundamentally differing directions.

In the mid-2000's, Sun decided to take SPARC towards designs with many small SMT cores. In the era of single-core processors, the UltraSPARC T1 had 8 cores x 4 threads per core. This was at the same time Intel released the Pentium 4 with hyper-threading, so it was an industry trend.

This of course works great for very specific applications, particularly considering efficiency, but is awful for others. Scientific computation was especially bad because the T1 had only one FPU for 8 cores.

Fujitsu's SPARC64 didn't go in this direction, and stayed with a conventional design (2 way SMT at most). Sun realized this and started to also sell the Fujitsu SPARC64 for customers who couldn't use the thread level parallelism, an arrangement that lasted until the end.

The idea of lots of slow cores is still a thing today: Intel's Sierra Forest Xeon is 144 E-cores.

whizzter 17 minutes ago||
1 FPU for 8 cores is wild, but then again they were selling webservers.

Still, iirc FPU's were silicon heavy back in those days and it'd be interesting to know how far ahead the foundries Sun and Fujitsu were, maybe it was simply a factor of being too far behind in the foundry race that left Sun with few options.

Intel's E-Cores still are functionally complete for most parts though (excl Avx512?)? Todays limits seems to be memory bandwidth and power and I guess many of the 144 core customers are in it for virtualization and servers?

Animats 17 hours ago|||
Thanks. Looked for that in the article and couldn't find it.

What are the GPU capabilities?

numpad0 11 hours ago||
Likely none? I believe they just don't give graphics out to non-x86 servers. If you mean GPU as in SIMD processor, I believe this is supposed to have it in forms of massive SIMD capabilities on CPU itself.
FlowingRiver 8 hours ago||
These things feel like, if they have any video output, it would be a single VGA port for if you REALLY need to get a signal from it.
numpad0 2 hours ago||
x86 servers are like that. PC/AT memory map have the range for VRAM, but RS232C is optional, so you can't just have the RS232C and not VGA on an x86 as its debug/recovery interface.

Platform designers can make up their own memory maps, so non-x86 ones can just have UART I/O buffer and hardware interface wired up in whatever address you want and forgo VGA.

I have a 32bit SPARC machine on a shelf I got from a junk hardware shop, it has a DB25 for console. It's ok.

thebeardisred 19 hours ago|||
Thanks I was, of course, looking and very curious what their tool chain story will be.
mrweasel 18 hours ago|||
Not mentioning the architecture is rather strange. Being Fujitsu I'd expect SPARC, but apparently not. Maybe we're reaching a point where some circles either don't care or just defaults to ARM?

Obviously they can just ignore the license in the future and continue development out of a local branch, but it's also a bit disingenuous to speak of "sovereign infrastructure" and then use licensed processor design.

FlowingRiver 8 hours ago|||
It think we are now heading towards the final long term ISA setup. x86 and ARM at the top, ARM in the middle and RISC-V for smaller embedded machines that don't need the ARM toolchain.
formerly_proven 17 hours ago|||
Fujitsu dropped SPARC for HPC ~seven years ago with their A64fx. That's where ARM SVE comes from in the first place.
mrweasel 1 hour ago||
I feel old now.
pertymcpert 17 hours ago|||
Yes but it's their own design, not licensing Arm cores.
runmanny 19 hours ago||
[dead]
motionlessveloc 12 hours ago||
Named after monaka, a traditional Japanese confection of sweet red bean paste sandwiched between two wafers.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaka

It's not terribly popular even in Japan, since it's dry, bland, fragile and has to be assembled on the spot or it goes soggy.

conorcleary 12 hours ago||
Good metaphor, then; do what we must, not what others want from us.
userbinator 7 hours ago||
"sandwiched between two wafers"

Pun intended?

motionlessveloc 2 hours ago||
Almost certainly.
Youden 19 hours ago||
Where are the CPUs fabbed? They make a big deal about "sovereign" but is the CPU actually made in Japan, or do they rely on TSMC?

Also odd how big an emphasis they put on AI inference when they don't build the GPU?

DashAnimal 18 hours ago||
According to a Feb press release, they're fabbed by TSMC:

> For FUJITSU-MONAKA, the 2nm semiconductors will tape out next year. Due to this, Rapidus would be unable to meet the deadline, so TSMC is handling the manufacturing.

Source: https://global.fujitsu/en-global/pr/news/2026/02/12-01?utm_s...

According to Rapidus webpage, they are explicitly starting mass production of their 2nm in 2027.

Source: https://www.rapidus.inc/en/iim/?utm_source=chatgpt.com

adrian_b 16 hours ago|||
Their CPUs are faster at inference than many GPUs. These are server CPUs with 144 cores and wide memory interface.

Fujitsu has added some ISA extensions for AI inference to the standard Arm ISA, e.g. instructions for inference with FP8.

Even their previous CPU generation was for some time the champion in energy efficiency, with better performance per watt than the NVIDIA GPUs, until a newer generation of NVIDIA GPUs has leapfrogged them.

There are good chances that this new Fujitsu CPU might be again for some time the CPU with the best energy efficiency, but it remains to be seen how it compares with the recent GPUs.

nicce 18 hours ago|||
> put on AI inference when they don't build the GPU?

GPU in AI world is essentially a set of specific matrix calculations that this CPU supports on hardware-level. Thought memory speed seems low.

Max-q 19 hours ago|||
The article says that it’s manufactured in Japan.
ranger_danger 18 hours ago||
where exactly does it say that? I don't consider "designed and developed in Japan" to be the same as manufactured there
bradyd 18 hours ago||
At the very top of the article: "Achieving world-class AI inference performance through Japan-developed 2nm 3D-stacked CPU and server integrated, developed, and manufactured in Japan"
hobofan 18 hours ago|||
Pretty sure it's worded in a way that it applies only to the server, so it should be read as two distinct things:

- Japan-developed 2nm 3D-stacked CPU

- server integrated, developed, and manufactured in Japan

sgerenser 18 hours ago||||
"Japan-developed CPU..." plus the server itself (parts, power supplies, case, etc.) integrated, developed and manufactured in Japan. It sounds like they're weasel-wording it a bit, but I don't think the CPU itself is manufactured in Japan, only "developed."
tecleandor 18 hours ago|||
Yep. I'd say the CPU is manufactured outside, and the rest of the server in Japan.
tremon 18 hours ago|||
Combining info from https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49740907 and https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49740901, it seems that they're relying on TSMC for the first batch and are planning to move production to JASM once that's ready?
dopa42365 18 hours ago|||
Ever seen the phrase "diffused in Taiwan, assembled in Malaysia"?
tonyhart7 13 hours ago||
Yeah but TSMC have fab on japan soil

so its as sovereign as you can get

LtdJorge 9 hours ago||
Not for 2nm
cgio 5 hours ago|
I think the repeat of Fujitsu, Fujitsu- MONAKA is truly annoying. Is there just this press release, or other better sources?
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