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Posted by auggierose 2 days ago

Why do we need human mathematicians anymore?(terrytao.wordpress.com)
291 points | 374 commentspage 3
billylo 1 day ago|
Thank you, mathematicians: for thinking deeply about this and sharing your thoughts!
auggierose 2 days ago||
> We (humans) should help humanity flourish.

I think this axiom is of course true. But the mistake the article makes, in my opinion, is to try to apply this axiom separately to each domain. If we have this as the over-arching axiom, it is not clear at all that humans should be steering the development of mathematics. Maybe it would be better for humanity if the department of world math is run by AI.

xanderlewis 2 days ago||
Friendly warning to those who might not be aware: the vast majority of comments below posts like the above will be left by (otherwise intelligent) programmers who think mathematics is a closed system where one attempts to solve endless Olympiad-type problems. I wouldn’t take any of it seriously at all. Better to listen to what those who actually know what the subject is about have to say.

Unfortunately, mathematics (especially pure mathematics) is by its very nature very, very poorly understood by those who haven’t worked as a mathematician. Even worse, those who don’t understand are seemingly not at all aware of their misunderstanding and are entirely confident in their (very wrong) characterisation of the subject.

cduzz 2 days ago||
I did systems administration for a university math department for several years. I came to the conclusion that mathematics (and perhaps philosophy) were both topics where it was likely that no staff members in that department could describe "what goes on here" and that possibly even within the department, one professor may not be able to describe what another professor's actually doing.

The closest I could come to describing math is "some abstract process where imagined structures are characterized and extended; the most critical part of the process is identifying where seemingly independent structures are found to actually be fungible in some previously undiscovered way".

A simple example is

  "hey, did you know that x^i is the unit circle?" 

  "what's i?" 

  "i is defined as if you square it the result is -1" 

  "what does that have to do with circles?"
0manrho 2 days ago|||
The clue is burried in the text of OP's article.

> Mathematicians can also consider wholly redirecting their skill sets to work on real world problems. I’ve actually been encouraging mathematicians to consider thinking about working on government or other large-scale societal issues.

The fact that this is a radical departure from the norm is part of why mathematics (and philosophy) is often seen as some intangible or ungrokable science to many outsiders, as they're generally approaching it from a perspective of "Okay, but why, what is this useful for?", and the answer "For the science of it" doesn't tend to land with people that aren't already passionate about said science/discipline and are just trying to figure out what it even is or involves.

Doesn't help that there is a pervasive sentiment in American Academia (not sure about elsewhere) about Math being *the* hard science, and I mean hard as in difficulty, so a lot of people get intimidated by it before they ever give it a chance very early on in their academic life and carry that through the rest of their education.

So there ends up being a rather small pool of people that are in(to) the field, and rather high friction for stimualting interest in it from outsiders from the way that it's taught, and a massive difference in the perspective of it's use between it's diaspora and the unmathed masses.

kurthr 2 days ago||
Mathematicians who do work on "real world" problems are mostly doing so with theoretical physicists, genomicists, and cryptographers. None of these count as what people consider valuable other than because they are hard.

That said, few 50 (or even 40) years ago would have predicted that completely abstract number theoretical computations about primes, discrete logarithms, and elliptic curves would be the foundation of our monetary system.

0manrho 1 day ago|||
Never said they didn't.
avazhi 2 days ago|||
> I did systems administration for a university math department for several years. I came to the conclusion that mathematics (and perhaps philosophy) were both topics where it was likely that no staff members in that department could describe "what goes on here" and that possibly even within the department, one professor may not be able to describe what another professor's actually doing.

And this is indeed why it is not going to be taken seriously as an academic or (more importantly) an economic endeavour done by humans anymore.

That won't stop the career mathematicians from protesting and having a cry here trying to justify themselves.

colonwqbang 2 days ago|||
Could you clue us in? What is mathematics actually about?
xanderlewis 2 days ago|||
Good question, and maybe I should have provided an alternative description rather than just criticising.

Unfortunately, it is actually surprisingly hard to pin down, and I think mathematicians (and, as a student, I count myself as one to some degree at least) now have the task of making this a lot clearer. If we want to justify our existence in the face of new machines that can seemingly ‘do our work for us’ (so far in a restricted context), we should give a robust defence of our practice. If we can’t do this, we simply don’t deserve the funding (which, by the way, again contrary to some misguided statements here, isn’t very much anyway!). I think all of this will become clearer to outsiders as time passes, but for now it’s not easy to give a quick answer — though I can try.

Mathematics is about understanding things. Isn’t that what every subject is about? Well, I suppose so, but mathematics more specifically does something like the following:

(1) observe some phenomenon in ‘reality’.

(2) attempt to formalise that phenomenon in such a way that it can be manipulated purely symbolically.

(3) use this (perhaps fairly arbitrary; remember that we can invent as many formal systems as we like) system to deduce from our initial assumptions new facts that would otherwise have been very non-obvious.

It seems like outsiders have a decent grasp of (3) and the application of AI to it, but have very little idea about the other two steps. It seems to be widely assumed among non-mathematicians that problems are essentially god given and that the job of a mathematician is therefore to chug away on these problems, manipulating symbols and trying out tools, in the hope of learning a yes/no answer to each one.

The first two steps are by far the hardest and most important, and they’re also the parts that AI seems currently unable to help with.

NOTE: this is not a deeply insightful description of what the subject is about, and there are many better characterisations out there. I think Tao and various others have written recently about why complicated and inscrutable AI-generated proofs aren’t nearly as valuable as one might imagine. (That’s not to say there’s no value to such proofs; perhaps in time, as technology improves, mathematicians will come to accept AI as part of the process.)

If you want to understand all of this issues better, reading the recent slew of guest posts on Tao’s blog would be a very good start.

glimshe 2 days ago||
Despite loving Mathematics and having considered being a Mathematician myself, that wasn't a very robust defense. Also, even though I'm a big Terence Tao fan, I'm not sure he has sorted that out this defense in full himself.

This post which he forwarded was quite poor in my opinion. Confusing, all over the place with AI criticisms and promotion of the AI hazing being done by mathematicians.

X thousand mathematicians who want to protect their livelihoods signed a bunch of letters against AI. Duh. We've seen similar movements from every profession that has been displaced ever.

Terence Tao uses AI and has made a few good points on how to use it. But defensiveness leaks into almost every defense of the role of humans in Mathematics that I've read, even his own at times.

To be clear, I actually believe that Mathematicians aren't going away, but I dont have enough knowledge about the life of a professional mathematician to articulate a path forward.

This "path forward" is what I'd like to see. We need a top mathematician with enough intellectual honesty (Terence Tao qualifies, I think) to start this questioning with "there's actually no role for human Mathematicians" as one of the options on the table and go from there.

airstrike 2 days ago|||
Though your points above may all be valid, you're asking us to just accept your view that the parent's wasn't a very robust defense.

Can you provide an explanation for why their claim that (1) and (2) are the hardest parts is false?

Or perhaps provide an alternative definition of Mathematics that is more explanatory than the one they've provided?

robotpepi 2 days ago||||
For me, mathematicians seem to be still having an inner discussion rather a making these essays for the more general public. In any case, I think that statements of the type "there's actually no role for human Mathematicians" are completely non-serious, so it'd sad that the discussion concentrates on that.
glimshe 2 days ago||
I agree, but it's still something we shouldn't eliminate a priori. I think Mathematics as a profession will be greatly enhanced by AI, but I can't prove that.
xanderlewis 2 days ago|||
There’s a simple point to be made: if no one in the world understands an AI proof, what’s the point?
scared_together 2 days ago||
Maybe another AI could use the proof.
SJC_Hacker 2 days ago||
How would we know it was correct?

If you feed an AI nonsense in its training data, it will generate nonsense

GlobalChubby 2 days ago||||
My understanding when I was practicing is that the trend in modern mathematics is to focus on spaces with a certain kind of structure, and maps between those spaces that preserve it, and then what are invariants are preserved by those maps. Structure-preserving maps between categories of such spaces - "functors" in the language of category theory - are especially neat.

That's certainly different from Olympiad-style problems.

oulipo 2 days ago||||
Wondering about the world, using the simplified language of "mathematical logic"
CuriouslyC 2 days ago||||
Pure mathematics reduces to abstract "relationships" and their implications largely.
kmaitreys 2 days ago||||
To know what something is about, a natural way is to do it yourself.
password54321 2 days ago||
Wow, I'm glad AI is going to start humbling people.
moomoo11 2 days ago||
> To know what something is about, a natural way is to do it yourself.

literally what software engineers were doing for decades though

software is mostly just simple math, for the most part, until you need to do something more complex for some hairy algos lol

password54321 2 days ago||
Actually, if you were to convert most software into mathematical notation it would look incomprehensible. We are not interested in gatekeeping as much by making things look more convoluted than they need to.
CuriouslyC 2 days ago||
This is a great point. When I was learning machine learning in the early 00s, there were many papers where I would struggle to understand exactly what the mathematics was trying to communicate, but where I would look at the matlab source code and say to myself "that's all?"
physicalecon 2 days ago|||
[dead]
FrustratedMonky 2 days ago|||
A lot of programmers consider themselves to be applied mathematicians.

Maybe more in years past when Comp Sci was a subset of Math Departments.

analog31 2 days ago||
In my observation, most programmers and engineers lose their math chops over time. The math they need is mostly baked into their tools, such as CAD. If a problem requires more advanced math, it's given to a "math person" in the department. Often, the "math person" is also not allowed to touch the production code.
twelve40 2 days ago|||
the author right in that post pitches his ideas as generalizable way beyond math, so why the snobbery?
hardbass 2 days ago|||
.
slopinthebag 1 day ago||
i'd be on board with this concept but the author seems to believe his point is generalisable to all under industries, hence committing the same fallacy you're talking about at a large scale.

but you're still right. i disregarded his take, as you would with mine re. math.

ViktorRay 2 days ago||
Here is a link to the original article:

https://poshenloh.com/posts/20260919-math-ai

The original posted link from OP is from Terry Tao’s website where the article was posted as a guest blog post.

sd9 2 days ago|
It's astonishing how much more readable Tao's version of it is.
auggierose 2 days ago||
That's what I thought also, that is why I posted Tao's version.
Spacecosmonaut 1 day ago||
Mathematicians insist that in many cases the route toward solving a problem is more valuable than solving the problem itself. This may have been true, and may still be true for now, but this seems to implicitly assume that future generations of AI cannot be creative in similar ways that human mathematicians have been. It assumes that the absence of human comprehension during problem exploration loses a valuable aspect of mathematics that cannot be recovered by aiming future AI at solved problems in a naive environment.

If we get to a future where all frontier mathematics contributions are by AI. A future where AI displays creativity in ways that expand mathematic exploration similarly to the ways humans have in the past. A future where AI explains frontier mathematics to curious humans. What will have been lost? Perhaps just "The pleasure of finding things out".

bayindirh 1 day ago||
> What will have been lost? Perhaps just "The pleasure of finding things out".

I'll kindly disagree on this front, because when I'm walking a path toward solving a solution, I mark a lot of steps for possible diversions to other paths hence solving adjacent or different problems with the method I have at hand.

Currently, AI takes us from A to B, and is improving on that front. However, the paths in science are not lines, but a trees. Methods are cross-pollinated from each other.

Human intuition enables this cross-pollination. AI works with a laser focus. Human intuition and resulting wide perspective sow the seeds for solutions in many areas at once.

Spacecosmonaut 1 day ago||
I recognize that if a document were to be published tomorrow containing solutions to all formulated open problems in mathematics we will have gained very little in mathematical understanding.

But surely, if we know that the dead ends of exploring a problem are valuable, we should be able to explore them even if a solution is already known. It just requires that the mathematics community reshapes itself. And it must. Two years from now people might be able to run the computation that solved NS on their Iphone.

I'm sure that whatever has been discarded during the NS exploration as a dead end you would be able to rediscover using purpose built tooling in the near future. The purpose of human mathematicians in the medium term might be to explore dead ends, and to provide human insights as context to attack other problems. But whether this type of work will remain necessary in the long term im not sure.

bayindirh 20 hours ago||
> But whether this type of work will remain necessary in the long term im not sure.

Any and every capability AI can demonstrate today is the result of us, humans doing it in the first place for a very long time. The transfer method of these abilities is a subject of another comment, but as Microsoft and NVIDIA puts it, it's a theft of unprecedented scale [0].

AI labs dream of recursive self improvement as an escape from that, but until we arrive there, humans have to do something so AI can do it as well.

And, as of fully autonomous self driving which should have arrived 5 years ago, RSI and AGI is just around the corner, a corner with a radius so large that it never ends.

We dream of building utopias with these tools, but it's a path to dystopia paved with stones made from utopic dreams.

[0]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49752056

Spacecosmonaut 19 hours ago||
I dont disagree. Clearly AI leans on the cumulative cognitive labor of humanity without porpper attribution. This is in part due to the design of these sytems. Information is compressed into the weightspace in ways we dont understand, and a concept becomes unlinked from its origin.

I hope you're right about AGI. What we need is time, and we may not have it. https://www.dwarkesh.com/p/noam-brown

lp4v4n 1 day ago||
>this seems to implicitly assume that future generations of AI cannot be creative in similar ways that human mathematicians have been

It's because they can't.

It's a mathematical theorem that no algorithm that "solves mathematics" can exist.

>In mathematics and computer science, the Entscheidungsproblem is a challenge posed by David Hilbert and Wilhelm Ackermann in 1928. It asks for an algorithm that considers an input statement and answers "yes" or "no" according to whether it is universally valid, i.e., valid in every structure. Such an algorithm was proven to be impossible by Alonzo Church and Alan Turing in 1936.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entscheidungsproblem

Spacecosmonaut 1 day ago||
The halting problem constrains human and machine alike, right? Or are you suggesting there is something unqiue about the human mind that allows us to do things machines cannot do in principle? Most people in the field believe in substrate-independence.

https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27126

selicos 1 day ago||
The post above this is titled: AI chatbots give wrong answers to financial queries 'most of the time' (ft.com)

I think the headline alone makes a reasonable argument based on the AI tools we have today.

ThePhysicist 2 days ago||
Well it's actually nice, maybe more people will be able to do world class math with the help of these tools. There are few fields as elitist and hostile as pure mathematics, most mathematicians I know build their whole life around their profession and their self esteem is strongly coupled to the fact that they can do things that most other people can't. Naturally, many will be devastated when (if) you take that away from them. That said I think AI is still overhyped and human mathematicians can easily outthink it in most domains, look at how difficult it is for an AI to write even a single decent paper, a good PhD student can easily outclass it in that regard. All of these impressive results were generated by having world-class mathematicians steer the systems using highly tuned prompts, so I see it more like a super violin that produces beautiful music when played by master violinists rather than being a fully autonomous orchestra which many people are led to believe this already is.

And maybe let's not only hear the opinion of two or three Fields level mathematicians with blogs, 99 % of the worlds mathematicians in academia might profit from these tools as they might partially close the gap between them and the world elite, making creativity and tenaciousness more important than having the right neocortical structure allowing you to outperform 99.9 % of other humans at keeping context in your head and making predictions, AI can do that better now with the right prompts.

srean 2 days ago|
> There are few fields as elitist and hostile as pure mathematics

Is that so ? Sounds hyperbolic.

ThePhysicist 15 hours ago||
I haven't sampled all mathematicians on the planet and I don't think there's a study on this but I would argue a lot of people will agree with mathematics with being elitist, and from my experience mathematicians aren't very keen of interacting with math "enthusiasts" or the wider community in general, they interact with a very select number of other specialist through a small set of conferences.
rodw 14 hours ago|||
Mathematics is by far the most accessible "science" in academia. Anyone can, in theory, produce novel results with nothing more than a pencil and paper. And while the existing literature may not always be readily "accessible" (in the easy-to-understand sense) it is pretty widely available (often online and certainly via any decent academic library).

But "frontier" mathematics is still a highly advanced, highly specialized field. It can take years of study to be prepared to understand the established theory and results for a given subtopic.

These two observations, taken together, lead to the predictable outcome of a lot of math "enthusiasts" with an incomplete understanding of the field loudly asserting that they have discovered a radical new result. Often they lack the foundation to even understand what they are doing wrong.

The reluctance of mathematicians to engage with amateurs that come off as cranks is a symptom of how accessible the field is.

srean 11 hours ago|||
This is true of professionals in any specialized and difficult to acquire skill to be world class.

I haven't had any interaction with mathematicians that I would describe as hostile.

rafaelvasco 1 day ago||
Firs question to make is: What does "humanity flourishing" really mean? That's the foremost question. Hint: It is not technological progress only.
amai 1 day ago|
We need human mathematicians for humans.

But companies are our gods (don't believe? E.g. companies cannot die from natural causes). They don't need puny humans. They need AI.

streetfighter64 1 day ago|
Companies are nothing other than the tool of rich people used to control normal people. There's some sort of mass delusion that "companies" are evil. Guess what, a company has no own agency to destroy the environment, exploit people, profit from suffering, etc. It's just following the whims of its shareholders, who are humans with accountability.
amai 1 day ago||
I didn't say companies are evil. But there are companies and banks in our world, which are much older than any human could ever be. There are people who think they are in charge of these companies, however sooner or later they will be replaced and the company will still exist without them. In that sense companies are eternal entities, which gives them a godlike status.
streetfighter64 1 day ago||
Alright sorry if I was unclear. I wasn't saying that you specifically claimed companies are evil. But there is a general sentiment / understanding that companies are (being used as a tool for) doing evil things in general. I suppose whether you think that companies are (being used for) doing more good than bad is a different question, so let's not get bogged down in that.

My point however is that companies have no agency of their own. Their age doesn't really matter for that. There are guns that are older than all living people too. If somebody used a flintlock pistol to go around robbing people that wouldn't make the pistol a "godlike eternal entity". Or for that matter if somebody used a 200 year old shovel to create a really nice garden (in the case you believe companies are a net positive).

amai 1 day ago||
So you are saying a company is basically a tool, like a shovel? But AIs are also tools like shovels, they have no agency on their own. Adding an AI to a company makes sense. It is an additional tool.
streetfighter64 1 day ago||
I wouldn't know anything about that. My point is that this is a completely ridiculous statement:

> But shovels are our gods (don't believe? E.g. shovels cannot die from natural causes). They don't need puny humans. They need AI.

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