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Posted by elo2000 1 hour ago

Aging may be a program, not a breakdown(www.quantamagazine.org)
47 points | 67 comments
anonporridge 1 hour ago|
It's probably a bit of both.

Maintaining order and fighting entropy is hard, but also planned obsolescence is a good thing for systemic resilience.

You have to regularly clear out the old for at least two reasons...

a) keep the process of creating new things well exercised. "We can't build that anymore. We don't know how." A factory that builds things that last too long eventually goes out of business.

b) prevent old things from monopolizing resources due to more time to compound interest. Otherwise, you end up with Saturn devouring his son.

palmotea 39 minutes ago||
> a) keep the process of creating new things well exercised. "We can't build that anymore. We don't know how." A factory that builds things that last too long eventually goes out of business.

In an properly-managed world (not ours), we'd figure out how many factories we need to keep the process knowledge fresh and safe, then have those factories build items that last exactly as long to keep their production steady. Then other factories could make other things. End result: more and better stuff.

Like instead of 1000 washing machine factories that make washing machines that last 5 years each, have 100 that make washing machines that last 50 years.

Instead we get hyper-fast planned obsolescence, pushing the frontier of unreliability and waste creation, so number can go up this quarter.

butlike 1 hour ago|||
I never considered the compound interest angle. This helps me reason about my life; thanks!
curuinor 1 hour ago||
because of the immortality of financial accounts and such, it's basically what's happened to the economy. ancient 100, 200-year-old trusts choking the viability of laborers doing anything and so on. especially bad in europe.
anonporridge 1 hour ago||
It's not just modern finance.

A tree experiences compounding interest. The longer it lives, the more ground it owns and the more its tall branches and leaves blot out the sun below, making it extremely difficult for any juvenile of its species to take root and mature beneath it.

This is why some conifers have pine cones that only release seeds when burned in a fire. For these species, evolution has determined it's not even worth trying to germinate unless it's likely a fire killed its parents and made space for them to grow. This is part of how we discovered wildfires are a critical part of some region's ecology. We managed to halt most forest fires and it ruined the natural rhythm of life there.

coolThingsFirst 51 minutes ago||
No need to wait, you can die now to make room for those younger.
anonporridge 43 minutes ago|||
Currently in the process of germinating as many of my own offspring as I can, because I want the world to look a little bit more like me and my wife.

Plenty of time to die later once they all launch and continue punching through the future with our genes and memes.

cindyllm 34 minutes ago|||
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fsckboy 1 hour ago||
most of human evolutionary history was hunter gatherer and survival was subsistence level, and your arguments don't work.

birthing was necessary at least to maintain population, but preferably to expand it. it's only now that we consider "too many" a possibility, and we didn't evolve for this moment.

our history does not show potentially perpetually compounding gains that our children would evolutionarily need a genetic defense against, we already had looting, stealing, and killing.

I think the answer, if there is a programmed obsolesence, is because the genetic admixing of the next generation through sexual reproduction is so useful and important.

aeturnum 1 hour ago||
There are animals that don't "age"[1] so of course it's programmed. There's a balance between how often you want to recombine genetics and how long you want to be able to remember. It seems like a better system would have humans decline differently (i.e. no dementia) but having people grow old is almost certainly beneficial to the species.

[1] Their risk of death does not increase after reaching adulthood. I.e. every year after adulthood has the same risk of unexpected death. Humans and other animals that age have their risks of death climb in "old" age.

noosphr 1 hour ago||
The animals are wildly simple however. It may well be that ageless is only possible before you develop a brain.
aeturnum 35 minutes ago||
Naked mole rats are social animals that live in colonies. There are differences of course, but I do not think the evidence suggests that aging is a 'requirement' for complexity. The simplest explanation is that aging is an evolutionary adaption that gives species that age an advantage. Human cells obviously possess the potential to persist past their programmed deaths - that's what cancer is. So I think it's obvious there are no biological limits to us stopping our physical age at whatever stage we want - but I'm equally sure that would involve changes to the experience of being human we may not like (perhaps being in the body of a 20 year old means being in the mind of a 20 year old, for instance).
manyatoms 1 hour ago||
What are examples of non-aging animals?
gavinray 1 hour ago|||
The Immortal Jellyfish, and functionally the naked mole rat.
tgv 1 hour ago|||
That you can go 300km/h in an F1 car, doesn't mean you can go that fast on a bicycle, even though they're both in the genus "wheel-based vehicles for human transport". The jellyfish is a rather different animal. Trees can grow very old, but there's a reason why you didn't use those as an example: too far from human biology. That jellyfish may be at a similar distance.
pixl97 1 hour ago|||
The process of science is to determine what exactly these inferred limits actually are and how many can be overcome.
asdff 1 hour ago|||
We have the ability to convert to becoming immortal. It actually happens to some of us. It sucks though. We call this cancer. Turns out the immortal cells become selfish. But you can scrape some off yourself, throw them in a petri dish, supplement growth media, and they will divide forever.
moffkalast 1 hour ago|||
The lobster, though they die from being too large to molt.
emptybits 1 hour ago||||
IANAB but lobsters are worth a look. They apparently do not get slower or weaker or even lose fertility as they age. And apparently Greenland Sharks might live for 300-500 years, are immune to cancers, and their DNA can repair itself. Maybe leaving the ocean was our ancestors' mistake.
cableshaft 1 hour ago|||
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jvanderbot 1 hour ago||
I've always thought eternal life would steal from the next generation if resources are scarce. If your reaction times, intelligence, etc are always good, and your experience and memories get better, it just seems like you'd out compete your kids and younger cohorts. All well and good but basically stops genetic turnover that got us to this point.

OTOH, you'd accumulate uncurable disease, injuries, etc as well. Maybe you become a disease resevoir inside your own growing family. Or you pass on as-yet-unknown genetic anomalies that are unhelpful, and you do so forever.

Granted that's a modern take, and in particular a modern rpg-like take. Regardless though getting rid of oldies seems like a reasonable way to move a species forward if natural selection is driving "forward".

mjburgess 1 hour ago||
OTOH a vast amount of mayhem and madness arises just from each generation's memory being wiped clean. Within three or four generations the earth lacks any sense of what risks came before it, and repeats the same stupid stuff.

If we were managed by the interwar generation, little of what's happening today would be happening today.

anonporridge 1 hour ago|||
That goes both ways.

Lack of experience is critical for risk taking. Even great successes like Jensen Huang have said that if they knew how hard it was going to be, he wouldn't choose his path again.

Memory blocks you from experimentation as much as it protects you from making recurrent mistakes. A species or civilization with too much memory will eventually wither away towards complete inaction and decay.

asdff 1 hour ago|||
There seems to be a balance point with the number of Chesterson's fences. Too many and you are penned in or routed on one vector only. Too few and you are blind.
pixl97 1 hour ago|||
Yep, it allows you to climb out of local maxima.
asdff 1 hour ago||
Only if it works. Evolution works like this with local fitness maxima and wells of stability favored by entropy. You have to luck out with the right combination of mutations to not only get out of that well but fall into one of lower entropy. Imagine the size of the search space required for something like this. This is why evolution is "slow" in species that live as long as us and quite rapid in things that grow logarithmically by the hour.
pixl97 1 hour ago||||
>the earth lacks any sense of what risks came before it

The earth is a bad term here, how about human civilization?

Your DNA, epigenetics, and a ton of other subconscious intelligent processes are well aware of the risks and contain a massive set of tools to overcome them.

The problem? Many of these tools have to run from zero in an egg to work in the changing environment.

_doctor_love 1 hour ago||||
> If we were managed by the interwar generation, little of what's happening today would be happening today.

Doubtful. They were the ones who created the world we live in today.

moffkalast 1 hour ago|||
OTOH same is true for wiping clean habits, prejudices and deeply held wrong beliefs. It's said that science advances one funeral at a time.

If we were managed by the colonial generation, slavery and segregation would still be the norm, only rich white men would be able to vote and a king would still have the final say.

ainch 1 hour ago|||
There's the saying in science that progress happens 'one funeral at a time,' but that's not because older scientists are less intelligent - it's more like they begin to intellectually ossify. Or in the arts, the critics that rejected Matisse's 'Woman With a Hat' weren't stupid, but their thinking had stagnated.

I think we underrate the value of a fresh perspective. People living longer lifespans would dilute that benefit, imo. Sidenote: this is also an underrated issue with LLMs and their application to science - collapsing to single modes of thought over time.

card_zero 44 minutes ago||
Could you all stop plotting to kill me off >:(
Arubis 1 hour ago|||
> I've always thought eternal life would steal from the next generation if resources are scarce.

This is almost the stated intention of longevists.

pavel_lishin 1 hour ago|||
> If your reaction times, intelligence, etc are always good, and your experience and memories get better, it just seems like you'd out compete your kids and younger cohorts.

On the other hand, always being around as a sort of Protector to protect your kids seems like it would generally be good for your genes. (Of course, you'd have to fight off other Protectors who are doing the same...)

Kirth 1 hour ago|||
Finally mankind can return to it's intended 3-phase form of existence as described by Niven
noosphr 1 hour ago||||
This is where being a real parent vs a theoretical one makes a huge difference to your take. After seeing how much damage to their kids people adapted _their_ childhood do, I've started to think that humans should die around 40 with reproduction age being between 10 to 20 - like most other great apes. It's only in increadibly stable environments that waiting for as long as we do for children that it makes sence.

How this number is going to change in the future with exponential growth in the environment is left as an exercise to the reader.

jvanderbot 1 hour ago||||
Right, but should your kids get your protection? You can protect them to adulthood now, even your grandkids.

But 1000 generations of unassailable, un-evolving, 40IQ lions doesn't get you to the galaxy.

Hey, maybe this is the fermi paradox.

SoftTalker 1 hour ago||||
Not if that protection ended up making your offspring weaker. Some adversity is necessary to develop resilience and self-sufficiency.
mnem 1 hour ago||||
One's kids may disagree.
anonporridge 1 hour ago|||
Imagine still having helicopter parents at 50 years old.
readthenotes1 1 hour ago||
My granddad tells the story of the time he left his parents house and they called out "Make sure to turn your burners on".

He was in his 60s....

Once a parent, always a parent, I guess.

_doctor_love 1 hour ago|||
> getting rid of oldies seems like a reasonable way to move a species forward

This is the real feature of aging, death, and dying. Progress is measured in funerals, not years. If everyone lived forever, nothing would ever change.

bilbo0s 1 hour ago||
>nothing would ever change

Including our fundamental biology.

If we want a chance at improved, more resilient biology, aging and death have to be a part of that.

_doctor_love 54 minutes ago||
Aging and death should be a more discussed and comfortable topic for people. Death and dying is natural, just as is being born.
the_af 26 minutes ago||
I mean, "should"?... I don't know. Death is natural, but so is fear of death and not wanting to bring up topics that disturb you.
bitwize 1 hour ago||
Sounds like an argument for pacing the frontier of geriatric medicine.
thinking_cactus 1 hour ago||
I think death has some actual benefits. Yes, some of our comfort with death comes with learning to live with its inevitability, but it has genuinely some upsides. I think they have some to do with being able to change things and institutions, but mostly it centers around our brains and psychology. Our life cycle is connected to how our brain develops and matures, inherently I think.

For example, if you go through some events in your childhood, they may stick with you until your death, as an inevitable part of you. Sure, treatment helps, but probably some memories you can't just erase.

Recycling things into a next generation, with probably better living conditions seems like generally pretty positive thing.

Also, some time you'd probably start to stop learning, not necessarily due to brain aging and neuron death, but simply because of basic architecture of our brain and how information solidifies and it starts to become more difficult to learn new things. We are a little more bored of most things and a lot of mystery and wonder diminishes somewhat.

chrisweekly 25 minutes ago|
There is no life without death (nor light without darkness).
____tom____ 55 minutes ago||
In biology, there are always many causes, of course.

I wonder if people are familiar with the hypothesis of parasite-driven aging.

Parasites are vastly more prevalent than most people in modern, sanitary, medicated societies realize. Studies show that over half the biomass in a region may be parasitic.

Parasite frequently keep the host alive, but inhibit reproduction. This leaves the host alive, and competing with healthy members of its species for resources, but no capable longer reproducing. It's evolutionary dead weight.

Death is basically "turning it off and on again", just as you would do with a computer, and for very similar reasons. It clears the accumulated parasites and starts fresh.

This would also help explain why death is strongly conserved.

dmillar 58 minutes ago||
25 years ago I had a spirited discussion with my AP Biology teacher where I posited a similar theory when we were discussing (and running experiments on) genetic mutations. It was "spirited" because she was rather dismissive of the idea, and my (likely overconfident) teenage brain did not understand her response and reasoning. She was otherwise a great teacher.

There's been several articles over these last decades that have covered different iterations of genetic aging, and I think about that discussion every time. I wonder if she's read any of them and also thought about that discussion.

rglover 1 hour ago||
Reminds me of a thought I had about galaxies being instance runs while writing Github actions to build database binaries.

Each galaxy and any planets/life it contains are just artifacts of an "existence run." That's why life feels like a simulation so often (and human history repeats itself): we're inside of an organic (human word) "program" that's trying to perfect itself by running similar, but consistently tweaked "logic" over and over. Things like evolution are just an algorithm embedded in the system.

If the theory discussed in the article is correct, then aging is (in the scope of the above thought) just one program among several that we interpret as existence/life.

Just a daydream but fun to think about.

marojejian 1 hour ago||
Previous post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49413305
irdc 1 hour ago|
Aging could very well be a program to deal with the breakdown.
asdff 48 minutes ago|
It very much is. We have a term for cells that escape immune surveillance to cull them off when they are broken: cancer cells.
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