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Posted by ltononro 4 days ago

Progress on provable inference for large language models(www.anthropic.com)
240 points | 122 commentspage 2
ygouzerh 4 days ago|
Are they doing that because they are scared that Moonshot might route queries to Claude?
fscaramuzza 3 days ago||
My PhD is on auditability of AI systems, and we are exactly working on the engineering of ZKP in this context. I can confirm through our industry partner (AI Assurance and auditing), that black box auditing is indeed a huge problem for them, and snarks have shown their potential in this context. It's great to see Anthropic confirming our early results.
ngruhn 3 days ago||
I'm blind to the problem being solved here. Can you motivate it? Why do I need more than normal HTTPS on the token API?
fscaramuzza 3 days ago||
HTTPS makes sure you’re communicating on a secure channel with the API endpoint. ZKPs guarantees that the computation happened correctly behind the endpoint.

The work from Anthropic isn't a new idea, but they made the process more efficient, as inference verification is one of the biggest bottlenecks in the AI lifecycle. Beyond that, there's a lot more that can be proven, like showing a model was trained on a specific dataset with certain properties.

From an auditing perspective, this used to be handled either by showing the data (which is pretty rare), checking samples (which has been shown to be easily hackable), or similar workarounds. For inference, an auditor might want to interact with a model on demand and have absolute certainty that the model they're talking to is actually the one declared, and not a substitute.

grey-area 3 days ago|||
I’m not sure what you mean by correctly here - do you mean with the model expected? That’s not related to correctness.

Pleased to hear somebody cares about this. What is it a bottleneck for though? Are people actually doing this right now in non-academic settings? I had the impression this is not in fact usable with larger models.

fscaramuzza 3 days ago||
ZKPs verify "things" by encoding the verification in a computation, and verifying that the computation happened in the right way, means to assess it was computed correctly, i.e., with the right inputs, the right operations, etc. So this is what I meant with "correctness".

The bottleneck has two sides: first, there's a technical bottleneck. ZKPs are quite expensive, and finding the right, production-ready protocol is challenging. The other side is a socio-technical bottleneck. There is always quite a large friction with adopting these kind of technologies, also due to the first bottleneck.

As you said, it is difficult to adopt because of how fast the complexity grows with big models. It's great indeed to see that Anthropic is tackling the challenge.

ngruhn 3 days ago|||
> guarantees that the computation happened correctly behind the endpoint

but why do I care about that? can you some example "user stories"?

brcmthrowaway 3 days ago||
So, you got beaten to the punch?
fscaramuzza 3 days ago||
Well luckily not really, their work is more foundational-y, the idea is not new, but they made it more efficient and practical. On our side, we work more on the integration of these protocol in production systems, but we are pretty much on the frontier and is not very common to see such big companies experimenting with this technology. Microsoft already tried something [1] but I'm not sure if it ever went further than a research prototype.

[1] https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.02675

aetherspawn 3 days ago||
So can we get proof that the inference was done on the model we actually paid-for and not some nerfed version.

What’s the point of a SOTA model if, by 3 weeks later, it’s dumber than the previous generation at launch.

(If you did this random substitution with physical goods it would probably be illegal or very frowned upon…)

saagarjha 3 days ago||
I'm a little confused how this is even feasible to do in general. Most inference is batched and often implemented on heterogeneous hardware. In this environment, it's hard to get bitwise identical results, much less prove that the results came from a certain model. Is this actually practical? In the post near the end it doesn't seem like the authors think they have done anything for this and it seems pretty important for it to be used for any production environment.
aruss 3 days ago|
This sort of result is about steady progress. It's not practical, yet. This system only allows for 1k context, not even enough for a system prompt. But the authors have contributed several orders of magnitude of speedup on the current state of the art.
arcwhite 3 days ago||
I wager regulatory capture lies this way. Look for this becoming an in-hardware feature, with big fat patents on it, and then a push to demand all inference providers use "TPM chipped" hardware.
dnnehgf 4 days ago||
i guess the idea here is that if the end user cannot discriminate based on capability above some threshold, the premium that you can charge for more capable models either disappears entirely (if the end user is the principal source of truth on quality) or gets arbitraged down (if the end user is merely an agent of the principal source of truth on quality). to maintain that premium in perpetuity, you just need (a) trusted benchmarking services that can distinguish between premium and generic, and then (b) a way to prove to the end user that a given output is premium.

so this solves for (b).

neuwirth 3 days ago||
This is built on VerInf, work that I did as a MARS fellow. They ripped everything down to the choice of 400B Maverick from us with very little attribution. Cool, I guess... https://github.com/jamespetrie/verinf
keeda 3 days ago||
Not sure if this is sufficient attribution, but TFA at least mentions VerInf:

> VerInf proved Llama 4 Maverick (the same 400B-parameter MoE model we prove) at ≈0.02 tok/s.

remcob 3 days ago|||
This is an exaggeration. The commitment scheme is related but different (Ligero vs Zook). Matmuls are different (Freivald vs Sumcheck), lookups are different (LogUp vs Grand Product), the packing is different.

What original ideas are in VerInf that are also in this work besides the choice of benchmark?

neuwirth 3 days ago||
I'll concede that "ripped everything" was written as a strong emotional reaction. But you are also exaggerating; there were a lot of novel ideas that we worked through used here. I'd point you to our choice of UD-Q4 and rules for how to convert to integers as a starting point.
Betelbuddy 3 days ago||
You should have used Bedrock...no sharing of inputs with model providers ;-)
c7b 3 days ago|||
Sorry to hear. Just asking, why did you choose MIT license over something like GPL? It's not that they couldn't have copied you, but you would be in a different position vis-à-vis them now.
neuwirth 3 days ago|||
I would've chosen GPL personally, but a prototype repository already existed under MIT by the time I joined as a contributor through the fellowship. Alas.
c7b 3 days ago|||
It's actually fine to use MIT code and publish it under GPL, or to switch from MIT to GPL. You can still do that today on the repo, btw. It's the other direction that is thorny. Just fyi
bbor 3 days ago||||
...thus implying that you'd rather the preeminent safety-focused lab not have used your interpretibility research, as they're technically a for-profit company with various closed-source assets?

I am certainly biased by a passionate distaste for IP law in general, but I am honestly curious to hear the reasoning behind it in this case.

In case it helps: this is a "research prototype", so I'd assume that seeing one or more aspects used in a highly impactful paper would be about the best possible outcome. Is this about publish-or-perish stuff, perhaps (e.g. citation "importance" for the algos)? Or maybe you're okay with this in general, but are regretful because it's Anthropic in particular?

Gud 3 days ago|||
If they are closed source and for profit, can they really be described as safety focused…
nextaccountic 3 days ago||||
Why can't Anthropic give credit though?
bbor 3 days ago|||
I think I misunderstood GPL per a comment above so it's all kinda moot anyway, but my original understanding was that it was a copyleft license, so wishing it was GPL would be equivelant to wishing Anthropic had not used that work at all.

Attribution is certainly polite, and I sorta doubt Anthropic of all groups is intentionally witholding it for h-score or prestige, but that's all a much lower-stakes conversation than potential license violations. AFAIU.

xienze 3 days ago|||
Who said they didn't? Not sure what "very little" attribution means, but presumably it doesn't mean "none."
SiempreViernes 3 days ago|||
OP was pretty clear they wanted attribution, so you have hallucinated an entirely novel implicated desite for exclusion.

Seeing as the question posed out of "[honest curiosity]" to someone else is then immediately answered by yourself host without you even pausing to put on a sock, I think your honesty is very questionable.

bbor 3 days ago||
Oh sorry, I must have misunderstood! My bad, honestly; I was under the impression that GPL vs. MIT was about copyleft stuff, which would seem to preclude Anthropic's use of that project altogether. Not 100% sure how it relates to attribution still but I'll have to look into it I guess.

I don't really understand what was "answered by [my]self host" nor what a "desite for exclusion" means but it seems beside the point I think. Also not sure what the alternative to curiosity is. Like, I'd be trying to entrap this prestigious researcher in some legal sense...?

jonhohle 3 days ago|||
Doesn’t matter. AI bros don’t care. AI wash it and release it closed. What are you going to do? Sue them?
spragl 3 days ago||||
Regarding attribution, I guess he is one of the copyright holders, so his name should be included in the new license. Unless we are talking about MIT-0.

Im not an expert on these things, but I think there is another type of attribution, that I guess is what the commenter is more concerned about, and that is academic attribution. It is part of academic culture that you attribute significant influences in the articles you write. There are no licenses as such for this, as far as I know. You do it because that is what you do in academic circles. If you dont, you are not in the club.

keeda 3 days ago|||
No, unfortunately. In this era of AI rewriting entire projects from scratch, copyright protection for software is effectively dead.
c7b 3 days ago||
The question is less about protection than enforcement, I'd say. Courts may come to very different conclusions from what tech people would expect.
keeda 3 days ago|||
Protection and enforcement are kinda two sides of the same coin in most IP law. IP essentially grants you exclusivity for your works, and your protection comes from how well you can enforce that exclusivity. As an example, piracy exists largely because copyright holders simply can’t enforce their exclusive rights to distribution effectively on the vast, distributed Internet.

It’s still early days, true, and courts may find legal reasoning to address this... But I fear this stems from a fundamental yet little-known flaw in copyright for code, based on a legislative hack, which can only be made worse by caselaw. I ranted about it a few days ago: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=50320875

spott 3 days ago|||
A small academic lab is going to sue a trillion dollar company with any sort of success?
c7b 3 days ago||
Yeah, enforcement is the much bigger issue. If the IP got bought out by a giant lab, the situation could change quite substantially.
notrealyme123 3 days ago|||
Claude being a official contributor here gives me the shivers. This feels like setting up a case for: We have the rights for everything you do with Claude. Or rather what they do with Claude for you.
mlok 3 days ago|||
In that case they should cite every author of every source used to train their model that enabled this result.
speed_spread 3 days ago|||
I'm just annoyed that they treat it as a person. Claude isn't a contributor more than that shovel I used to dig a hole in the ground is. Even if it's a really good shovel.
frangonf 3 days ago|||
The claude contributeth and the claude taketh away.
levocardia 3 days ago|||
> MIT license

Live by the sword, die by the sword...

j45 3 days ago|||
I wonder if this is partially letting agents.. agent, agentically and not know where ideas come form or how they come together, only whether it works or not.
bix6 3 days ago|||
I’m so tired of hearing stories like this. The biggest most well funded corps in the history of mankind and all they do is steal the shit out of everything. It’s pathetic.
jwpapi 3 days ago||
I hope you don’t get that wrong, but maybe your best option is to see it positive. The top comment on a first page post on HN, gives you some publicity. Potentially more than if that would’ve not have happened.

You can also use this and create explanation video on it on Youtube, post on X, Bluesky and other in-detail stuff that only you and very little people are in the position to do.

I’m sure some are interested, and this could lead to a hire, too.

I know it’s always easy to say and I probably have less adversity faced as most people, but I really try to see them as energy enablers. Of the almost infinite options you have in life there is a big chunk of realities that are better than your current ones an adverse event can trigger emotions and therefore energy and push one to do things one wouldn’t have done in comfort.

Thanks for your work!

neuwirth 3 days ago|||
I appreciate your positive energy here a lot. And I agree; all things can be dichotomies. This is how our entire team reacted to the news: it is good news and bad news both.
bendews 3 days ago||||
I agree with this. I often dedicate my life for months on end to prove novel and potentially valuable ideas just in the hope that one of the largest companies in the world can rip it off so I have the prestigious opportunity to make a youtube video about it. I can't believe that everyone doesn't do this.
jwpapi 3 days ago|||
Well I’m not saying to justify that, you can also start an activist movement to fight that, but I would rather move in the worlds that I can affect than in the one where I complain with no impact.
neuwirth 3 days ago|||
Guess I'm making a video about the system! My younger self would be proud about this... any tips?
jwpapi 3 days ago||
I’ve only done a bunch of "thinking" videos. Nothing special, so might not be the best advice giver, but I’ll share what I learnt.

Don’t try to achieve any goal with it, except doing it. When doing it you’ll eventually get better in making videos.

The first video takes way longer than you think it takes, but the second probably takes half the time and it will be tremendously faster over time.

Try to reduce the friction on recording. My first training video on my app took me almost a full day to set up and plan with teleprompter and everything. After a couple of time I could do 3 in a row.

Making videos is still not "my thing" that I enjoy most about, but I’m still happy that I did it, if that’s what I need to I’ll do it. Right now coding has more leverage for me.

A technical write-up or a blog is an alternative. Or even reaching out to Labs. You could reach out to OpenAi/Anthropic/Mistral or your 'poison' of choice, or companies that do something similar. But this is now on your CV.

geraneum 3 days ago|||
I guess if you’re “motivated enough”, you can [try to] put a positive spin on almost anything.
jwpapi 3 days ago||
That improved my wellbeing
geraneum 3 days ago||
Sure like any other method akin to burying your head in the sand, this could be “helpful”.
ronfriedhaber 3 days ago||
Attestable does great work on the subject: https://attestable.com/blog/proving-llms-scale
wcoenen 3 days ago||
> The goal of provable inference (PI) is to enable a user with limited computational resources and without any information about the weights to verify that a response came from the requested model

Isn't this already solved by watermarking?

This page said they would provide an API to check whether a given text has the watermark for a Claude model:

https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-text-watermark

hobofan 3 days ago||
That's two entirely different types of things that are being verified.

Watermarking checks whether a _specific text_ came from a provider.

PI checks that the text (that you already know came from the provider) was produced with _a specific set of weights_.

PI is mainly useful for AI supply-chain security.

seurimas 3 days ago|||
Not to the degree needed for actually verifying the things this verifies. You could probably quite easily produce a non-Claude model that generates text that conforms to Claude watermarking.
wcoenen 3 days ago||
In the page I linked above, Anthropic explains that they use the techniques from SynthID-Text, where a secret watermarking key is involved. Only Anthropic knows this key, so only Anthropic can produce and detect the watermark. (But they also promised to provide an API through which other parties can check the watermark.)

SynthID-Text paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08025-4

saifelse 3 days ago||
I think there are two gaps with the watermark:

- it only gives a high probability that the text was outputted from the model, whereas a crytographic proof is computationally infeasible to forge

- it cannot be traced back to the input. You could "wash" the output from one model into another and it would be watermarked by the latter. With the crytographic proof, if you have the input, output, and "commitment", you can verify your exact input was processed by the model (or so the model provider says).

notrealyme123 3 days ago|
I really don't like that the first more elaborated real-world case is to stop people from training their own models. (Challenge 1)
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