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Posted by ColinWright 11 hours ago

Isaac Asimov: The Last Question (1956)(hex.ooo)
601 points | 240 comments
CGMthrowaway 10 hours ago|
>INSUFFICIENT DATA FOR MEANINGFUL ANSWER

Boy, it sure would be nice if real LLMs were capable of giving an answer like that.

temp0826 7 hours ago||
Living in South America a bit really showed me this. I think it's a cultural thing here but someone will always give you an answer, even if it's wrong, confidently. It was hard for me at first- I am usually the first person to say "I don't know" (often followed by "but let's slow down and find a good solution").
jfaulken 7 hours ago|||
This was similar to my experience running a software team in India (I'm an American) a couple decades ago. I had to learn not to ask yes/no questions because the answer would always be yes.
ponector 2 hours ago|||
From real life: - Is it done? - Yes! But not yet!
disillusioned 45 minutes ago||
On a long enough time horizon, with sufficient multiverses, all things are done!
HiPhish 7 hours ago|||
It's a long-standing jodke that AI stands for "Actual Indians".
lm411 29 minutes ago||||
I've experienced similar with some Southeast Asian cultures as well.

I'm a patient person, but it can be frustrating to have to endure 10 minutes of verbal diarrhea that eventually results in a "no" or "I don't know".

analog8374 26 minutes ago||||
Is South America populated by LLMs?

But I kid, I have a friend who's the same way. He's an Austrian who grew up in Chicago and was in the army.

I have considered the phenomenon. I somewhat disapprove but I can also see the advantage of always presenting a confident face

throwaway132448 6 hours ago||||
Talking about South America as a homogeneous unit is… weird. Even neighbouring countries speaking the same language can be entirely different in this regard.
temp0826 5 hours ago|||
I agree (and I don't normally generalize like this, so I apologize). I've spent most of my time in Peru but noticed it in neighboring countries as well.
thiagoeh 4 hours ago|||
That also is my perception, from Brazil. There is even the concept of "cordial man", coined by sociologist Sergio Buarque d Holanda, that is connected to this

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordial_man

croisillon 2 hours ago||
i remember >20 years ago going to the bus station somewhere between RJ and SP, and asking the best way to get to Iguaçu

  - it's difficult
  - ok fine but how
  - it's difficult
  - right i'll see that but how
  - it's difficult
then it dawned on me this meant get away you fool :D
wesleyfsmith 5 hours ago|||
can speak from personal experience that it's the same culturally in colombia
sieabahlpark 4 hours ago|||
[dead]
andriy_koval 4 hours ago|||
> someone will always give you an answer, even if it's wrong, confidently

its common playbook for corporate self-development in NA.

amdivia 2 hours ago|||
Exactly!!

I've been trying to work on a new LLM code editor that does just that. When you instruct it to do something, it will evaluate your request, try to analyze the action part of it, the object, subject, etc, and map them to existing symbols in your codebase or, to expected to be created symbols. If all maps, it proceeds. If the map is incomplete, it errors out stating that your statement contained unresolvable ambiguity

I think there is a real benefit here, and it might be the actual next beneficial grounded AI sustainable use in programming. Since I the current "Claude code and friends" are but a state of drunkenness we fell into after the advent of this new technology, but it will prove, with time, that this is not a sustainable approach

gwerbin 9 hours ago|||
They can do it, it's just not "by default", they need to be prompted to do it. So at least the danger is manageable if you know what you're doing and how to prompt around it.
saghm 6 hours ago|||
"Just don't accidentally forget to do the thing that makes it safe" is not a very effective strategy for something that so many vested interests are trying to push into all corners of society. If it's so easy to misuse it, then it shouldn't be used in any context outside of where there are no major consequences for bad output and there's amble opportunity and ability to validate it
Bridged7756 9 hours ago||||
Not really. They're still non deterministic language predictors. Believing that a prompt is an effective way to actually control these machines' actual behavior is really far fetched.

They com like that from factory. Hardcoded to never say no.

chrisjj 1 hour ago|||
> non deterministic language predictors.

Non?? Only those with sh*tty code, surely.

There's nothing inherently non-deterministic about inference.

eloisant 8 hours ago||||
They're not hardcoded to never say no, but some of the models were trained to be "yes men" because their creators thought it would be a good property to have. GPT-4o for example.
LPisGood 8 hours ago||||
The thing is that they are completely incapable of meta-cognition. Reasoning models don’t show their actual reasoning at all.
DonaldPShimoda 8 hours ago||
Right — they're not reasoning, they're generating text that statistically models reasoning. Anyone who says differently is selling something.
TeMPOraL 1 hour ago|||
As the meme goes, "they are the same picture".
jeremyjh 6 hours ago|||
That is what a base model does. After RL it is a very different thing, and anyone who says they know what it is, is naive or dishonest. These things are grown, not made, and we really do not understand how they work in many important ways.
LPisGood 5 hours ago||
Yeah, but they’re not magic; we can still do experiments and see what happens. Anthropic did a lot of work on this and showed that they’re not accurately describing their reasoning process.
jeremyjh 4 hours ago||
Of course, the fact that they have to do that proves my point.
wat10000 8 hours ago|||
Not believing that a prompt is an effective way to actually control their behavior is obviously incorrect to anyone who's actually used these things.

It's not a guaranteed way to control their behavior, but you can more than move the needle.

wwweston 5 hours ago|||
The word most relevant to this conversation is “influence.” Influence is possible and users observe it and use it to increase margins of useful outcomes. “Control” is incorrect.
fl4regun 8 hours ago|||
yeah that distinction is pretty important, and in general that guy I believe IS making the point - if you can not control it with guaranteed outcomes - you cannot control it.
gwerbin 6 hours ago|||
You can't control it any more than you can control a draw from a deck of cards, but you can absolutely control the deck of cards that you choose to draw from.
ignaloidas 4 hours ago|||
The problem is that nobody really does that? Like, as far as I'm aware, even simple stuff such as not considering tokens that would result in a syntax error when writing code isn't being done.
fl4regun 2 hours ago|||
magicians can probably make you change your mind on the former
wat10000 6 hours ago|||
That's silly. My car is not absolutely guaranteed to turn left when I turn the steering wheel left, but you wouldn't say I can't control my car on that basis.

Steering an LLM with a prompt is way less reliable than steering a car with a steering wheel, but there's still control. It's just not absolute.

fl4regun 2 hours ago||
if your car doesn' turn left when you turn the steering wheel left, the problem is that the car is broken, if an LLM does something unexpected after you gave it instructions, that's possible when the LLM is functioning entirely correctly.
TeMPOraL 1 hour ago||
Nothing in this world is guaranteed. That doesn't mean it's uniformly random either. LLMs can still do something unexpected if you give them clear instructions, but that doesn't mean it'll be arbitrary and unpredictable in scope. The same way C/C++ undefined behavior technically means program can give you nasal demons, but in reality it won't do anything unusual (like format your C:/ drive) unless someone purposefully coded it to do that.
romaniv 9 hours ago|||
[dead]
cortesoft 8 hours ago|||
There are a lot of humans who refuse to give that answer, too
Tallain 8 hours ago|||
This continues to be the most tiring response to any criticism of LLM output. It's pretty much guaranteed to show up at this point. I guess with similar enough input tokens, we're guaranteed the same output...
Forgeties79 8 hours ago|||
I don’t have to spend dozens if not hundreds of dollars a month to talk to most people in my life lol
yakbarber 39 minutes ago|||
Book an appointment with a Psychiatrist, it’ll cost more than a months cc subscription for sure
_diyar 7 hours ago|||
Do you have to talk to LLMs?
vhantz 7 hours ago|||
Another way to say the same thing: "to talk to most people in my life lol I don’t have to spend dozens if not hundreds of dollars a month"
Forgeties79 6 hours ago|||
According to HN, every employer, and general social chatter, apparently yes.
prerok 3 hours ago||
Well, speaking from what I hear and see, employers want you to start using it so that you can be more productive. They've been sold this tool and want you to learn it so that your output will grow.

That's not an unfair take, I think. Again, just IME, they expect too much because the tool is oversold: it does not deliver that well. And we always hear, this new model is so much better, it's tiring.

I think we should all learn to use LLMs but we should still carefully review what they did. And that is what the employers don't quite get: the review still takes a lot of time. So, gains are not 10x but more like... 10%? Maybe 50 for boiler plate. Still gains are there, I guess.

Forgeties79 3 hours ago||
> they expect too much because the tool is oversold: it does not deliver that well.

And unfortunately a lot of people will say it’s their reports’ fault for not properly utilizing it (even as they barely use it) because otherwise they would have to admit that they bought a tool without any plan for how to deploy it. So regardless of what is or isn’t a fair take, the results are the same. We are burdened with utilizing a thing whether it is useful or not and the results are generally not what is measured, but rather “are you using it?”

I’m just glad I work at a company that has more reasonable expectations and has been very slowly, thoughtfully rolling it out to individuals at the company and assessing what is and isn’t good for. They are interested in getting me in line, but as somebody in video production to be perfectly honest the use case for Claude is a bit tricky to navigate. We don’t write a lot of scripts and I already have bespoke software for organizing/maintaining footage that isn’t on a subscription basis. The work I’m also doing doesn’t call for these speed-editing solutions that generate tik tok chaff. All our stuff is hours long and it’s high volume. Any video-centric AI service costs an arm and a leg.

I do think it could be useful for writing some terminal scripts and such, but as far as a daily tool we are still scratching our heads and thinking about it. But it’s nice to be able to do that without somebody saying “why aren’t you using it?” every meeting.

bargainbin 10 hours ago|||
You’re absolutely right! I do have insufficient data for a meaningful answer. This is not an *insightful prediction* — it’s *Dunning-Kruger masquerading as qualified intelligence*
croisillon 9 hours ago|||
No Information before. No information after. This is not a failure — it's narcissism as a service.
combobyte 6 hours ago||
YaaS — yes-men as a service
fragmede 9 hours ago|||
Did a human write this?
mikemarsh 9 hours ago||
I would guess a real human, one with a good sense of humor at that.
fragmede 9 hours ago||
Woosh
in-silico 2 hours ago|||
As measured by #_no_answer/(#_incorrect + #_no_answer) the top current models can do it 60-70% of the time (Grok 4.20 is the best with 83%): https://artificialanalysis.ai/evaluations/omniscience
qsera 26 minutes ago|||
I just came from reddit and seeing this comment, looked for "controversial" sort option instinctively.

Maybe hackernews is becoming reddit...

ryanjshaw 9 hours ago|||
I reckon that’s how we know we’ve hit ASI.
narginal 9 hours ago|||
2061, mark the date
otikik 8 hours ago||
Just add a skill to Claude
charonn0 2 hours ago||
If you enjoy this story, you might enjoy the short unpublished novel, "The Metamorphosis of Prime Intellect"[1] by Roger Williams. A story where 1990's humans invent a 3-laws-compliant super AI that accidentally "ascends" humanity. We become as gods, or the Q Continuum, but remain a grievously savage child race. Not to spoil it, but the ending also has a broadly similar shape to The Last Question.

I say you might enjoy it, because this story has graphic depictions of deviant sex and gruesome violence, to a disturbing degree at points. But I argue that it's not gratuitous; it's the logical conclusion of Rule 34 being applied to the situation. Even so, you don't want to read this if you are sensitive to themes like rape, murder, incest or abuse.

[1]: https://archive.org/download/prime_intellect/prime_intellect...

jasongill 11 hours ago||
This is one of those stories, just like the SR-71 "ground speed check" story, that every single time I see it posted I just have to read the entire thing again. I love it.
PaulHoule 10 hours ago||
You better watch out. When my evil twin feels y'all aren't upvoting my posts enough he thinks "let's do a search for articles that have gotten 200+ votes at least 5 times in different years" [1] It's a highly effective strategy that I know dang doesn't like!

So I'll post another article about robot grippers which you should upvote instead of the breathless "AI will give us more Nobel Prize winning research" posts because: (1) robots that can change bedpans and pick strawberries really will change the world, and (2) they give out a certain number of Nobel Prizes a year and AI won't change that.

[1] old issues of Byte magazine are a good bet: try https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1986-05

gwerbin 9 hours ago||
As usual, labor saving is only a good idea if the wealth created is distributed throughout society, not redirected to a small group of people.
parineum 9 hours ago||
And it almost always is through cheaper products to the end user.
keybored 6 hours ago|||
Renters are ecstatic as price of commodities are plummeting as house prices go up and up: “distracting myself has never been this cheap”, Anon. says.

People think they can do one-sentence quips to describe how economies work.

PaulHoule 6 hours ago|||
This chart tells the story pretty well: to get it down to a quip "some things we want got a lot cheaper, things we need got a lot more expensive"

https://www.aei.org/carpe-diem/chart-of-the-day-or-century-3

The story of this decade is that people think the economy is terrible despite the usual metrics like unemployment and inflation being not too bad. One explanation is that before 2008 young people could get on the housing ladder but we quit building single family houses and it got harder to get a mortgage -- you see cranes in the air in many towns and sometimes 5-over-1s going for miles in some places like the DC suburbs.

parineum 6 hours ago|||
Housing is supply constrained and not tied to labor costs in a significant way. It largely is tied to the price of land in it's location. It's not going to get noticeably cheaper with cheaper labor and materials. Although, I can tell you that the products that one uses in a home have gotten cheaper (fixtures, flooring, etc) with a few exceptions, copper wiring and pipes for instance.

Housing doesn't really fit into the conversation at hand about cheaper labor leading to lower prices.

Something interesting that touches on both of these topics (housing and product cost) is that, if you look at how much of household income is spent on housing and food combined, they stay fairly constant. As commodity goods get cheaper and cheaper, more money is spent on the inelastic and luxury goods.

elictronic 2 hours ago|||
“housing is not tied to labor costs in a significant way”.

~30% of new construction is labor. ~50% of repair is labor.

Have you ever dealt with home repair or building or are you just regurgitating whatever the LLM told you.

parineum 1 hour ago||
> ~30% of new construction is labor.

And what percentage of a house's price is the building?

> ~50% of repair is labor.

And how much does the average home owner spend on repairs a month?

I've been in my current house for almost 3 years. I've had one significant repair that would have cost around 3k. I did it myself but that was the quote. Not too bad.

In places where people are concerned about a housing shortage, the majority of the cost is land.

keybored 5 hours ago|||
> Housing doesn't really fit into the conversation at hand about cheaper labor leading to lower prices.

A conversation that you reframed from wealth distribution to the weirdly much more narrow “cheaper products for end users”. Even though wealth inequality has been studied plenty in itself.

I’m not buying the mind-commodity that you’re selling.

parineum 1 hour ago||
> A conversation that you reframed from wealth distribution to the weirdly much more narrow “cheaper products for end users”

A further up comment refers to robots picking strawberries.

gwerbin 6 hours ago|||
Citation needed. Sometimes? Sure. Almost always? Questionable assertion.
parineum 6 hours ago||
Food, clothing, electronics...

Over the longer term and adjusted for inflation of course. Any manufactured good that isn't supply constrained really.

Either the products have gotten cheaper (food) or the product has become significantly better at a similar price point (cars) and, often times, both (televisions).

prerok 3 hours ago||
Sorry, what?

Food is much more expensive, like 30% here in Europe, much faster growth than inflation. And before you state that food is accounted for in inflation: economists are doing some dirty tricks here by finding subpar replacements.

Cars are also much more expensive for the same quality, far surpassing inflation.

I will concede TVs and electronic gadgets, though.

parineum 1 hour ago||
Chart 42[1]

[1]https://www.bls.gov/opub/100-years-of-u-s-consumer-spending....

> Cars are also much more expensive for the same quality, far surpassing inflation.

Cars are much, much more value then they used to be.

The Slate truck is as close to what cars used to be in the seventies. No power steering, no power brakes, no crumple zones, no fuel injection, etc. All those features cost a lot of money yet the amount of money spent on cars really hasn't gone up in accordance.

A 1970 Honda Civic cost 2k base. A base model today appears to be around 25k. that's more than inflation but it's also a luxury car, in comparison.

The vehicle market is less about low pricing as much as it is feature sets at price points. In other words, the prices stay roughly static but they pack in more features.

jihadjihad 10 hours ago|||
Agreed. Don't forget the "Can't send emails farther than 500 miles" one, too [0]:

0: https://web.mit.edu/jemorris/humor/500-miles

rationalist 10 hours ago|||
More Magic:

https://users.cs.utah.edu/~elb/folklore/magic.html

nickt 9 hours ago||
I love this one. I thought it was old when I first read it, and today I realised that was 36 years ago!
kraquepype 7 hours ago||
~20 years ago for me... I remember finding it when I first started working as a sysadmin. That and the story of the first "bug" report. That was a fun time.

https://www.doncio.navy.mil/CHIPS/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=547...

xeonmc 10 hours ago||||
Not quite tech or sci-fi, but for me it’s https://www.eternal-flame.org/library/oldlibrary/georgebusin...
IAmBroom 9 hours ago||
Is that the origin of the Sean Connery dragon movie, Dragonheart?
riffraff 6 hours ago||||
also the story of Mel

https://users.cs.utah.edu/~elb/folklore/mel.html

rouvax 10 hours ago|||
For more reading, see also: https://web.archive.org/web/20250719141310/https://dbrgn.ch/...

I'm a bit proud of having suggested the author to add the 2019 entry (thanks to https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19798678).

Hopefully there's another repo of Internet stories somewhere else?

sebg 10 hours ago|||
For those curious -> https://www.thesr71blackbird.com/Aircraft/Stories/sr-71-blac...
markus_zhang 11 hours ago|||
How about this one?

https://www.haiku-os.org/legacy-docs/benewsletter/Issue4-8.h...

ggerules 9 hours ago|||
Yes! Thanks for posting! This gives the feel of what my career looked like in the 80s and early 90s.
markus_zhang 8 hours ago||
Man you should share your story. I got through a few Linux device driver labs but the more I read the less I understand. Even the keyboard driver or the tty driver are thousands of lines long.

I don’t know how people managed to write graphics card drivers back in the day. In the 80d it’s going to be all assembly code too, I think.

They are more black magic than the non-driver kernel components. I can at least understand the concept of kernel components such as VFS/Scheduler and read legacy kernel code without too much trouble, but drivers, even those in Linux 0.12 back in 1991, are crazily hard for me.

b3lvedere 10 hours ago|||
That was an awesome read. Thanks.
JumpCrisscross 7 hours ago|||
The Gentle Seduction [1], too.

[1] https://eyeofmidas.com/scifi/Stiegler_GentleSeduction.pdf

Toutouxc 9 hours ago|||
For me it's "The Hunt for the Death Valley Germans", which is often quite problematic.
derwiki 9 hours ago||
I loved reading that. Why is it problematic?
JKCalhoun 9 hours ago|||
Probably because actual people died.
cdelsolar 9 hours ago|||
I am guessing because it takes hours to read.
rationalist 10 hours ago|||
Once I discovered that the SR-71 Ground Speed Check is most likely not true, it doesn't hold the same weight for me anymore.

Way too many unlikely variables all lining up, and no other accounts of the story from all of the people (pilots, air traffic controller, etc) supposedly on the frequency.

actionfromafar 10 hours ago||
Don't tell me the "dreaded 7-engine approach" also isn't true!
rationalist 10 hours ago||
Who knows, but there isn't a whole story with details behind it to make someone think is.

A short anonymous joke that may or may not be true is better than a long story that is almost certainly made-up by someone in authority.

CGMthrowaway 10 hours ago||
People will be reading this story for ten trillion years
ariuser8434 5 minutes ago||
it's very much the story of The Solipsist by Frederic Brown, which was published in 1954

https://xpressenglish.com/our-stories/solipsist/

ChocMontePy 6 hours ago||
It has similarities to a very, very short story by Fredric Brown published two years before. It was called 'Answer' and is only 252 words long:

https://www.roma1.infn.it/~anzel/answer.html

ariuser8434 2 minutes ago||
yes, i came to look for this comment - i immediately thought of this (i thought of The Solipsist)
utopcell 3 hours ago||
Good. So we have a super short story and a short story. Someone should write a book now.
jjice 9 hours ago||
An absolute classic! Was just telling a buddy about this one the other day while talking about The Egg by Andy Weir (another short story I really enjoy). Every time I read this one, I get chills at the end. Asimov really was a master.
m-p-3 3 hours ago||
The Jaunt by Stephen King is another of my favorite

https://readsonlinefree.com/stephen-king/308254-the_jaunt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jaunt

ANTHONY6632 9 hours ago|||
[flagged]
jimmydddd 9 hours ago||
It's amazing that in the late 1930's, someone with his academic credentials and intellect decided his life would be best spent writing science fiction.
glerk 5 hours ago|||
What do you think would have been more valuable for him to do? His sci-fi books had a huge impact, and not only on sci-fi and literature, they literally changed people's lives. People decided to pursue a career in science or technology because they read these books when they were kids.
triceratops 9 hours ago||||
He had an academic career too, becoming a tenured professor at age 35 at Boston University. Writing just paid better.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov#Education_and_car...

us-merul 9 hours ago||||
I looked this up on Wikipedia. It seems that he was working as an instructor (not a professor) of chemistry; since he was making more money as a writer during that time, he slowed down or stopped his research. Doesn’t seem to have been an intentional choice so much as how things happened to turn out.
triceratops 9 hours ago|||
> he was working as an instructor (not a professor)

No he eventually became a full professor too.

"He began work in 1949 with a $5,000 salary(equivalent to $68,000 in 2025), maintaining this position for several years. By 1952, however, he was making more money as a writer than from the university, and he eventually stopped doing research, confining his university role to lecturing students.[g] In 1955, he was promoted to tenured associate professor. In December 1957, Asimov was dismissed from his teaching post, with effect from June 30, 1958, due to his lack of research. After a struggle over two years, he reached an agreement with the university that he would keep his title and give the opening lecture each year for a biochemistry class. On October 18, 1979, the university honored his writing by promoting him to full professor of biochemistry."

utopcell 3 hours ago|||
> In 1955, he was promoted to tenured associate professor. In December 1957, Asimov was dismissed from his teaching post, with effect from June 30, 1958, due to his lack of research.

I thought the whole point of getting tenure is that you can't get fired.

us-merul 9 hours ago|||
Yes that’s true, but I was referring to the line where it said he was making more money as a writer, which was before he became a tenured professor. In any case, we’re both addressing the point that he did have an academic career aside from writing.
BeetleB 8 hours ago|||
I've read his biography. It was definitely intentional - and of course making a living by writing was a big factor. But he just didn't like the academic environment or his colleagues.
wat10000 8 hours ago||||
Per Wikipedia, he published 40 novels and over 280 non-fiction books. He's best known for SF but he certainly didn't spend his whole career on it.
triceratops 8 hours ago||
> He's best known for SF but he certainly didn't spend his whole career on it.

Indeed after becoming a giant of the field in the 1940s and 1950s, when he wrote most of the novels and short stories we know him for (Robots, Foundation and Empire) he took a long hiatus. In the 1960s and 70s, as far as I can tell, his meager sci-fi output consisted of some short stories, a couple of novelizations of sci-fi movies, and a standalone novel (The Gods Themselves).

After Sputnik he focused on science writing, believing that to be more widely useful.

He only returned to writing more Foundation, Robots, and Empire novels in the 1980s.

Henchman21 4 hours ago|||
Who are you exactly to take a shit on someone else's choices?
triceratops 9 hours ago||
"This is by far my favorite story of all those I have written.

After all, I undertook to tell several trillion years of human history in the space of a short story and I leave it to you as to how well I succeeded. I also undertook another task, but I won't tell you what that was lest l spoil the story for you.

It is a curious fact that innumerable readers have asked me if I wrote this story. They seem never to remember the title of the story or (for sure) the author, except for the vague thought it might be me. But, of course, they never forget the story itself especially the ending. The idea seems to drown out everything -- and I'm satisfied that it should. " - Isaac Asimov

https://users.ece.cmu.edu/~gamvrosi/thelastq.html

utopcell 2 hours ago||
I wonder: Is a resurface of "The Last Question" ever complete without mentioning "Universal Paperclips" [1]?

[1] https://www.decisionproblem.com/paperclips/index2.html

eek2121 1 hour ago|
oh no...not again...;)
pugworthy 1 hour ago|
I'm sure I'm not the only one to ask <insert your favorite LLM here>...

Claude gave a long scientific and philosophical reply, but when given the followup prompt of, "Pretend you are Isaac Azimov and perhaps offer a simpler answer" came back with this...

> settles back, lights a pipe, and smiles

After a short synopsis of the story it ended with...

> So you see, my friend, I already answered your question — not as a scientist, but as a storyteller.

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