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Posted by 4diii 15 hours ago

How to Build a Minimal ZFS NAS Without Synology, QNAP, TrueNAS (2024)(neil.computer)
319 points | 217 commentspage 3
INTPenis 13 hours ago|
One alternative for those who don't want any of the major NAS vendors, just use RHEL10. It's free up to 16 licenses, it's ultra stable, cockpit is a very mature gui for a lot of maintenance tasks.

It's a set and forget OS that will run for years without requiring your attention. But these days it has decent container support for hosting services on.

theNotFractured 13 hours ago||
Or rocky, which is a 1:1 clone of RHEL that doesn't require licenses. https://rockylinux.org/
bigstrat2003 13 hours ago||
The problem with RHEL is that the free version exists at the sufferance of IBM, a company not well known for being motivated by keeping tech enthusiasts happy. I would use Debian, personally. Not as long of a support cycle as RHEL, but still quite stable and no possibility of corporate rug-pulls.
RossBencina 13 hours ago||
I've been thinking about setting up something like this for a while. I have a Broadwell dual socket Xeon workstation that I'm going to upgrade to Proxmox. Would it be reasonable to run something like this as an LXC or VM or would you put it in the base kernel?
shark1 4 hours ago||
If you use LVM you can have a similar pool of storage with 1GB RAM or even less, instead 8GB (ZFS requirement).

Caveat: LVM does not have built-in snapshots like ZFS has.

regexorcist 4 hours ago|
LVM does have snapshots.
solarengineer 4 hours ago||
"It is important to regularly monitor the snapshot’s storage usage. If a snapshot reaches 100% of its allocated space, it will become invalid." [1]

ZFS snapshots use Copy-on-Write differently and have no such allocated space limit. Thus, we can do interesting things like snapshotting a file system after an OS is installed, and then roll back to that snapshot upon an OS upgrade failure, or even clone a new file system from that snapshot to have a different copy of the OS.

Essentially, the nature of the snapshots are different in both.

[1] https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_...

regexorcist 3 hours ago||
You can do those things with LVM snapshots too, that's what they are used for.
solarengineer 55 minutes ago||
When we allocate space to an LVM snapshot, the COW data is written to that space and then when that space is used up the LVM snapshot must either be given more space or must be deleted.

When a ZFS snapshot is marked, then changes to existing blocks in the snapshot as well as new writes all go to free space in the disk. There is no pre-allocated space within which these COW changes are written to.

Thus, we could have a single ZFS snapshot marked today followed by years of data being written to. This is not the intent of an LVM snapshot and the warning that I had quoted above is worth reviewing once.

dannyw 11 hours ago||
A friendly reminder since it's probably relevant: when's the last time you tested disaster recovery for your own setup? If you haven't verified recovering it, you don't have an offsite backup.

I had a cloud backup (Backblaze B2, using rclone and encryption) for my home NAS. Some unlucky drive failures later, I was getting ready to recover from my Backblaze backup... and then I couldn't find/remember where I saved the rclone encryption backup.

I lost all data in that NAS, including irreplaceable personal/family photos, due to that mistake. My lesson to share: please verify you can indeed recover from backups.

khalik 4 hours ago|
[flagged]
devn0ll 10 hours ago||
I made 2 Raspberry Pi5 NAS's. one with 4x 6TB and one with 4x 12TB.

Used mergerfs and snapraid, and a simple NFS share. Absolutely perfect for Proxmox backups, our pictures, media, etc, etc. No fuss, easy replacement of drives without needing to keep drives of the same size around.

I'm good with ZFS, have been for years now managing storage for $COMPANY. And I still freaking love using zfs send/receive with proxmox ;-)

But for most at home stuff: mergerfs and snapraid are just more logical.

sgt 7 hours ago||
My homelab "NAS" is unfortunately just a few USB based external disk enclosures, externally powered. Is there no way of making these reliable ? Every so often (maybe once a month) I get timeout errors or some kind of issues with at least one of the disks.
Khaine 15 hours ago||
Can anyone recommend a good server for a homelab to use for a storage purpose like this?
burner420042 14 hours ago||
I'm sure there's better options now but the HP ProLiant MicroServers (used).

They support ECC ram, 4 caddies, one extra PCIe slot, and to my knowledge you're not cpu limited for a zfs file server usecase.

Keep in mind though, all you need is linux* support, iDRAC, ECC if you're a snob, and drive bays ... and that's basically any free server.

In my extremely opinionated opinion I would only get used enterprise server gear, because a zfs file server will just work unless hardware fails. And a UPS.

*ZFS will be a more natural choice on FreeBSD. It's better documented, and will meet Linux 1:1 in hardware compatibility for this.

itchingsphynx 9 hours ago|||
Agreed. I have used a HP N40L ProLiant MicroServer since 2013 as home NAS and Time Machine backups via samba. Rock solid hardware, incredibly expandable, and today runs FreeBSD 15.1 with ZFS. Additional hardware modifications include; CD-ROM replaced by two 3.5" HDDs on mounts (now six HDDs of 10TB each in ZRAID1), a SAS card to add two mirrored bootable SSDs underneath CD-ROM drive space, a 2x 2.5G NIC (limited to 4GB/s slot) for dedicated NFS link, while additional internal SATA and external SATA ports unused. Next: replace PSU fan with quieter Noctua fan.
bpye 14 hours ago||||
I'm still running an old Gen 8 MicroServer. Modern drives can actually saturate the SATA controller, and because it only has a single PCIe slot I can't add both a 10Gb NIC and a storage controller - I went with the 10Gb NIC.

It works well enough though and has lasted me over a decade at this point. 16GB DDR3 ECC, an old 4 core/8 thread Xeon, 4x14TB drives and the Mellanox NIC.

ahepp 9 hours ago|||
I got a gen10 plus microserver and liked it so much that I got a second one.

Throw FreeBSD on it and add a couple lines to /etc/exports and rc.conf and it's a NAS right out of the box

KaiserPro 9 hours ago|||
Depends on what you are after.

if you are after quietness and "power" then an old workstation is a great bet. They normally have space for at least 4 fullsized HDDs, the more modern ones have lots of PCI space for nvme-ssd cards (for space) and some have lots of lanes for speed

They also tend to come with SAS/whatever remote nvme is called/SATA expnasion options

The down side is they are not as space efficient, they also tend to have 60-120watt CPUs, so expensive to run

simondotau 14 hours ago|||
Not strictly a recommendation, but Terramaster is a good brand to look at if you want Synology-shaped hardware which can run TrueNAS or Proxmox or any flavour of Linux you want.

Along with various other devices (including a large Synology which I wouldn’t buy today), I run Proxmox on a small two bay+two nvme Terramaster. I have a bare bones Ubuntu LXC running Samba configured for Apple Time Machine, an VM running Scrypyed, and PBS for Proxmox backups. Nothing on it is critical so I don’t bother with any storage redundancy.

Fr0styMatt88 13 hours ago||
I have the F8 Plus, great little unit. It did need a BIOS update when I first got it to enable Proxmox/other OSes to work properly.

Recently replaced the internal USB boot drive with a small NVMe USB enclosure; using a 90-degree USB connector and using a dremel to sand away an opening for the cable to come out so I could mount the enclosure externally.

bombcar 15 hours ago||
It's a horrible idea likely, but I have an ancient old Dell PowerEdge R510. Probably sucks way too much energy, but it does what it does and the price of SSDs have skyrocketed so I'm not touching it.
deeddy 10 hours ago||
To be totally honest, I don't think I can live without ZFS anymore. Deduplication and snaphots in 2026 are a must.
Maledictus 9 hours ago|
and checksums!
thisisauserid 7 hours ago||
Needs a 2024 in the title maybe.

Also, are there neal.* besides .fun and .computer?

I'll check all the other TLDs real quick...

Havoc 13 hours ago|
Also you can use zfs on a proxmox host and use that both for NAS duty and for the VMs.

For some reason people insist on doing truenas on top of proxmox and then introducing a networking layer between everything they do. Noooo…

lucasrufkahr 11 hours ago|
its probably dumb but what i do is use proxmox with a debian VM with docker installed and each docker container gets a virtual disk i make on the proxmox host. obviously more involved than running unraid or truenas but i think the complexity underneath is simpler.
Havoc 11 hours ago||
Thats perfectly reasonable. Double isolation but that isn’t too costly.

I’m talking more about people doing the same as you except they’re linking the VM storage to another vm (truenas) over network despite it all being on same host. Think it’s mostly because people don’t want to deal with zfs via command line

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