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Posted by hermanzegerman 6 hours ago

OpenAI loses trademark dispute at EU court(dpa-international.com)
189 points | 127 comments
jameson 5 hours ago|
> The EUIPO found that the word "open" would be understood by the relevant public as meaning freely accessible, while the combination with "AI" (artificial intelligence) would be interpreted as referring to products based on openly accessible artificial intelligence.

> for certain software and information technology goods and services, the term is purely descriptive and therefore lacks the distinctiveness required for trademark protection

edit: add the latter statement

yorwba 4 hours ago||
More pertinently "the term is purely descriptive and therefore lacks the distinctiveness required for trademark protection." I.e. the problem isn't that OpenAI's products don't match their description, but that trademarking it would unduly prevent others from describing their openly accessible artificial intelligence as "open AI."
jasode 3 hours ago|||
>More pertinently "the term is purely descriptive and therefore lacks the distinctiveness required for trademark protection."

As I wrote in my other comment, "open systems" also can be purely descriptive and yet Open Systems seems to be a valid trademark in Europe.

I'm not defending OpenAI. I'm just confused that the rules for allowing trademarks for ordinary words and phrases don't look consistent at the surface level.

yorwba 2 hours ago|||
From the background information provided in the court decision:

"as regards the earlier similar registrations relied on by the applicant, the Board of Appeal recalled that those registrations did not represent current practice and case-law and that the legality of the decisions of the Boards of Appeal must be assessed solely on the basis of Regulation 2017/1001 and not on the basis of a previous administrative practice."

onion2k 27 minutes ago||||
The fact that Open Systems hold a trademark on "Open Systems" is less a signal that OpenAI should be allowed to hold "Open AI", and more a sign that Open Systems should start considering changing their name because they'd lose their trademark if someone disputed it.
rdtsc 1 hour ago||||
> I'm just confused that the rules for allowing trademarks for ordinary words and phrases don't look consistent at the surface level

Precedence in court decisions is weighted more in some places than others. US courts, from my pedestrian observation, are all into "well there is a precedent so we'll follow that". But other countries don't necessarily do that, their courts might be more eager to disregard it and do whatever they feel is appropriate in that situation. You can see it in how OpenAI reacted "The company also cited comparable trademark registrations previously granted by the EUIPO and registrations in more than 30 other countries, including the United Kingdom and Singapore" (well precedents say this and that...)

munk-a 7 minutes ago||
Even the US does change policies every once in a while. This is a case where Open Systems was last challenged under the old rule set when it was acceptably descriptive. Since that point standards have changed and, presumably, Open Systems might now be exposed to a similar mark challenge.
tallytarik 36 minutes ago||||
This sort of rejection is quite common. You can overcome the objection by submitting evidence that your mark has acquired distinctiveness through use. So there will be plenty of trademarks that seem generic/descriptive that have gone through that process.

edit: I originally thought that’s what was being rejected here. It’s not. The court only ruled that “OpenAI” is descriptive. Separately, OpenAI have also submitted evidence of acquired distinctiveness, which will be decided in due course by the trademark office.

pfortuny 2 hours ago|||
Courts exist, among other things, to specify the rules in ambiguous cases. Rules will be ambiguous always.
Ekaros 4 hours ago||||
I think there is most likely set of adjectives that would fall under same reasoning. GreenAI or FreeAI likely would be also be refused.

On other hand RedAI or BlueAI might very well pass. It is not entirely unreasonable decision if you consider if the terms would be used in regular conversations on AI.

a012 4 hours ago|||
UnicornAI. You’re welcome
munk-a 6 minutes ago|||
An excellent example of something that clearly wouldn't be distinctive since all AI related endeavors bill themselves as unicorns.
echoangle 3 hours ago|||
Not sure that’s an adjective
dylan604 20 minutes ago|||
If you use it like unicorn poop, then it is describing the kind of poop just like Open/Green/Free in previous examples would be describing AI
DaiPlusPlus 4 hours ago|||
> RedAI

I suppose that could be a generic term for any AI used as an mock adversarial or sparring-partner role, like how "red team" is today.

> BlueAI

Would refer to an LLM/agent rained to simulate clinical depression...

...at which point I would ask why we're creating things that will know only pain and suffering? Are we the baddies now?

kps 3 minutes ago|||
> RedAI

That's Qwen.

> BlueAI

“All the Troubles of the World” (Asimov, 1959)

delduca 4 hours ago|||
BeAfraidUhhhhhAI
Hamuko 4 hours ago||
And to think that this could have all been avoided if they'd just renamed themselves something more appropriate after they decided to focus fully on developing closed models for profit.
zkmon 5 hours ago||
Someone finally asks some sensible questions, about hijacking of the term "open".
ChrisMarshallNY 4 hours ago||
I seem to remember the company behind either Monster Cables, or Monster energy drinks, going after anyone that used the word “monster,” even in casual context.
tomkarho 44 minutes ago|||
The most ludicrous case of trademark issues I've seen to date has been Apple suing Prepear because they had a pear as their logo but Monster suing someone because of the term monster is not far from falling equally as far from the tree of wisdom and common sense.
anigbrowl 1 hour ago||||
Every large company does this to some extent, because thre's a concept in US trademark law that if you don't aggressively and pre-emptively defend your mark then 'constructive abandonment' becomes a valid defense against infringement. That means people can rip off your trade mark and then say in court 'well, I thought he company had given up ownership of the trademark because they didn't sue 'monster plush toys', so I decided to call my energy drink 'Monster Brew.'' This is also why US companies slap a 'TM' next to every instance of their trademark, even though it becomes a visual distraction in graphic design terms. Lawyers will argue that if you don't aggressively police the bounds of your intellectual property at all times then it evaporates.
vitally3643 4 hours ago||||
It was Monster Cables who, blessedly, are nearly irrelevant nowadays. Apparently they tried to pivot into online gambling a few years ago.
lrae 4 hours ago||
I mean, it might also be Monster Cables, but Monster Energy is still doing it :).

https://www.worldtrademarkreview.com/article/monster-energy-... https://techraptor.net/gaming/news/gods-and-monsters-started... https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-berkshire-46369442 https://www.thegamer.com/monster-energy-goes-after-glowstick... https://www.koreaboo.com/news/yg-entertainment-wins-trademar... https://www.gamesradar.com/monster-energy-has-even-gone-afte...

and many more.

agilob 2 hours ago||||
or Facebook going after anyone with ...book in the name.
adamrezich 2 hours ago|||
See also: Edge Games https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge_Games#Trademark_disputes
Chu4eeno 4 hours ago|||
I thought you were joking, but that seemingly was the argument.
slibhb 4 hours ago||
The argument doesn't hinge on whether OpenAI is actually open. Rather it seems to have to do with the name being insufficiently distinguishable from a generic term ("open AI"). I think it's a bizarre ruling given that everyone already knows what OpenAI is.
wongarsu 3 hours ago|||
In the EU "well known marks" are protected even without registration, and block conflicting trademark applications

As such "everyone knows them" isn't a reason to allow a registration. It would just mean that blocking the trademark has no practical effect

sardukardboard 4 hours ago||||
Everyone on HN knows what OpenAI is, but there are tons of people who use ChatGPT and either don’t know OpenAI or don’t know the distinction between OpenAI (the company) and OpenAI (the conjunction of two words)
mbreese 2 hours ago||
The linguistic gymnastics required when talking about OpenAI vs ChatGPT and Anthropic vs Claude is difficult when you're giving talk about them. At least Google vs Gemini is a little clearer.

I mean, I get the rationale Company vs. Product, but most people know the product. As in "I used ChatGPT". But if you ask who OpenAI is, they'll have no clue.

ChatGPT is in someways nicer... because their models are GPT-5.3, GPT-5.4, etc...

But when you're trying to explain that the Anthropic models are called "Opus" or "Sonnet" or "Haiku" or "Fable", but you use them in "Claude", it gets confusing quickly.

sandeepkd 2 hours ago||||
If the goal of a trademark is to get recognized then its futile given OpenAI is already popular. If the goal is to prevent others from using the term which is so generic then it does makes sense to not allow the common keywords being hijacked.

On a side note, the AI models from the company are not even open, one can go as far as banning it as inappropriate marketing (Product not matching the description).

ant6n 1 hour ago||
I thought the trademark is to prevent costumers from accidentally buying “open AI” from some company other than openAI, while thinking they’re buying from openAI.
tremon 1 hour ago||
Yes, that is what a trademark is for, in general. In this case, the court ruled that the term "open AI" is too generic to qualify for that protection exactly because it is a purely descriptive term that could legitimately refer to any "freely available" model in common parlance.
nottorp 3 hours ago||||
> everyone already knows what OpenAI is

If it has Open in the name it's something to do with open source and "AI" right? :)

seanhunter 4 hours ago|||
Trademark law isn't about what "everyone already knows". It's about whether a given mark meets the criteria for legal protection in a give context. So if say an foss ML project described what they do as "open AI" the company known as OpenAI would have a right to defend the mark. This is saying they could not.
slibhb 4 hours ago||
> So if say an foss ML project described what they do as "open AI" the company known as OpenAI would have a right to defend the mark. This is saying they could not.

Well if that's all that's at stake here, it seems very reasonable.

joshuat 4 hours ago||
Preventing companies named [adjective]+[product/service provided] doesn't seem sustainable.
munk-a 2 minutes ago|||
This ruling is very early in the process and doesn't prevent anything - but given the more likely bad path outcome of this case for OpenAI it wouldn't disallow their usage of OpenAI but instead prevent them from shutting down competitors that claim to offer an open AI.
bryanrasmussen 4 hours ago||||
They haven't prevented that. They have prevented trademarking the terms, thus other people whose AI offerings are Open are in fact allowed to describe their products as an Open AI, I presume they are not allowed to describe their products as being OpenAI however as that would create consumer confusion.

Furthermore they have not said anything about [adjective] being non trademarkable, they have said that you shouldn't be able to trademark things that have specific meaning in your industry, as Open has some specific meaning in the software industry.

Thus you would probably be allowed to name your things [big] +[proudct/service provided] or in this case bigAI because big does not really imply a specific desirable quality in the Software industry.

Now before you start talking of how you can see blah blah how big would be useful blah blah, as is the tradition whenever programmers encounter a legal decision that they do not agree with, it just ain't gonna work. I guess though I cannot prevent the inevitable, but nobody in IT says does it have the technical quality of "bigness" before purchasing, but they do about the quality of "Openness", so obviously some adjectives would be untrademarkable in this context, if you named your AI SecureAI probably no go, If you named your AI UglyAssAI probably fine.

sucrosesucrose 3 hours ago||||
Preventing the hijacking and privatization of short phrases and language in general is actually an excellent thing. I applaud this decision, and wish for the rules to become even tighter.
Retric 4 hours ago||||
Companies can be named after random nonsense, ‘pink catfish’ could easily be the world’s #1 supplier of firearms and nobody would find it strange.

Caterpillar, Apple, Kellogg, etc really don’t have anything to do with the underlying product but neither do people’s names.

zkmon 4 hours ago|||
They didn't have "open" or "free" as prefix.
saghm 1 hour ago|||
The nouns also aren't just generic terms for the type of products they're making. OpenApple wouldn't sound confusing in the same way for a laptop and phone manufacturer as it would for a company producing apples in a non-open way.
lukan 4 hours ago|||
But apple still goes after real apple producers, who are older than apple.

https://www.popsci.com/technology/apple-swiss-trademark/

Something is wrong, when this is happening.

yorwba 4 hours ago||
You link is incorrectly paraphrasing this Wired article https://www.wired.com/story/apple-vs-apples-trademark-battle... by claiming that Apple sued Swiss farmers, even though Apple sued the Institute of Intellectual Property instead. Apple won the case a month after publication of that article https://bvger.weblaw.ch/pdf/B-4493-2022_2023-07-26_c897bf22-... and the Swiss Fruit Union continues to use their apple logo (which looks completely different from any of the apple images Apple has trademarked) https://www.swissfruit.ch
wbl 4 hours ago||||
Caterpillar does have a lot to do with the product. It crawls on a track and a photographer thought the track looked like a caterpillar .
Retric 1 hour ago||
Caterpillar sells way more than tracked vehicles, and very much uses CAT as its logo.

Nintendo could have named itself after playing cards, but that wouldn’t have kept up with its current business model.

a012 4 hours ago|||
And they went out of their way to sue anyone that dare to use the cat word in the name or anything resembling an apple in the logo.
Hamuko 4 hours ago|||
This seems a lot more sustainable than allowing me to trademark a tire company called "WinterTire" and enabling me to sue any other tire company that tries to capitalise on my trademark.

(And if WinterTire Co was anything like OpenAI, it'd be focused on making summer tires)

summarity 4 hours ago||
Key difference between the trademark systems here: in the EU system you don’t get a trademark by trading with a specific name and it then being recognized. It’s the other way around: the name must be unique, not confusing, and highly specific. It’s actually irrelevant whether a product exists or is traded at all.

Having gone through the process and gotten both approvals and rejections, the line is pretty clear.

trilogic 18 minutes ago||
This means light green to all EU tech companies using OpenAI name in their products! Even though can´t say for sure if is good or bad for a company doing that.
mrtnmcc 4 hours ago||
We had a similar result when a big U.S. defense company (Kratos) tried to take our open source project's domain name: open.space

The panel ruled in our favor, that their OPENSPACE trademark is probably invalid because it is descriptive.

https://domainnamewire.com/2026/04/08/u-s-defense-contractor...

goobatrooba 4 hours ago||
Good. The trademark would ultimately allow them to sue any company for claiming it provides "open AI". So only right choice to reject it.
kzrdude 4 hours ago||
ChatGPT is a household name. And OpenAi is actually not, people outside tech don't necessarily know it.
advisedwang 43 minutes ago||
Being well known is not part of determining if a trademark is valid
ssl-3 5 minutes ago||
It is, though: https://guidelines.euipo.europa.eu/2319054/2227105/trade-mar...
joshuat 4 hours ago||
But people actively searching for AI products who are perhaps a little less technically inclined might. And if they stumble upon a platform that by all accounts seems to be affiliated with OpenAI, that could be problematic, especially with the level of trust people seem to be comfortable handing to LLMs.
wongarsu 3 hours ago|||
But that's on OpenAI for selecting that company name. EU trademark law hasn't changed, this was always going to be a problematic trademark if challenged

They still have the trademark on their logo

ginko 4 hours ago|||
If I search for "Open AI" on google right now the first search results are openai.com, chatgpt.com and the OpenAI wikipedia page. None of which are open AI.
paroleofficer 5 hours ago||
Open source charity suddenly becoming capitalistic not going as planned
TSiege 4 hours ago|
This really is the crux of the image, and now legal, issues. OpenAI hovered up tons of money and IP under the claim that they were doing this for the public good. Now they’ve essentially admitted that was all bullshit and that they want to sell the distillation of human created knowledge and content for a fee. It’s certainly bullshit to call that bait and switch “open”
skeledrew 4 hours ago||
The only problem I see here is the name doesn't reflect the reality. Time to put something in place that tells them to rebrand and continuously charges them for fraudulent misrepresentation or something until they do.
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